Emily Mullins Textual Analysis ENG 313 Sherry 4809 Textual Analysis: Two essays on The Bluest Eye Analysis can happen in more than just literary forms. Analysis happens every time someone watches television, listens to music, views an advertisement, goes shopping, or hopefully, reads a book. However, often literary analysis is the only way students see analysis. It has become almost an ugly word to students; a burden they have to bear. Textual analysis, though, is a very intriguing process. A literary analysis analyzes not only the rhetorical content of the intended audience, the dis course the text seems to be a part of, as well as what prompted the author to write their novel, but also the issues being addressed in the text, the author’s main focus and themes, their literary style, and the literary devices they employ. To be com plete and coherent, a students’ literary analysis should have a main claim or thesis to depict the issue they will be addressing from the novel; it should also have evid ence taken from within the pages of the novel and when allowed, outside sources, to support the claim or argument being made. Students may also be able to draw upon life experiences or outside knowledge to support their claim. Often textual analyses are used to compare something from the novel to an abstract concept in the world, or to look at the same theme or focus depicted in a different text. The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison has been analyzed in uniquely different ways due to its unique literary style, symbolic metaphors, and societal commentary. I looked at two literary analyses; one was written by me Freshman year in college and the oth er was written by Joy Wills, a professional writer, who titled her analysis “Genea logy of Rejection in Morrison’s The Bluest Eye.” Although mine, titled “Shirley Temple and Society’s Ideal of Beauty,” might appear to revolve around a com pletely different topic, both explore how the author, through characters, plot, set ting, and literary devices, creates a commentary on society’s flaws and the unseen torment and suffering people experience.
The two essays begin in the same fashion, with a generalized topic sentence to signify to readers what the novel is and what aspect of it they will be expanding upon. Often the thesis is somewhat abstract so the writer has more material to work with and to narrowly tailor inward, but it can also be narrowly focused so it can be expanded upon outwards. Wills chose to focus on the question of how and why Pecola Breedlove is caste as a Pariah in her community, while I, on a slightly diver ging plane, chose to interpret the allegoric representation of Shirley Temple in the novel and how her symbolic presence in the novel signifies the selfhatred and un attractiveness the black characters feel and direct towards themselves because of the color of their skin. I looked at the idealization of beauty in society, using Shir ley to further develop this argument. Although the two topics focus on abstract con cepts like racism, prejudice, and selfloathing, the two essays develop in quite dif ferent ways to show how these ideas play out in the novel. Wills’ and my analyses both look at Morrison’s literary style and devices, and how through these readers may better understand the topics such as race, soci etal relations, and gain insight into the character’s true pain and suffering. Wills ad dresses her claim, pointing out that, “This question obsessively hovers over Pecola throughout the novel and in her circular narrative style Morrison weaves a story that seeks to answer this question by gathering all the forces that were instrumental in the creation of a social mishap” (Wills 1). From this line and a clearly stated and developed thesis statement, readers have a definitive idea of what the writer is go ing to try to prove through their paper. The analysis becomes almost like an evolving discovery. As the analysis evolves, paragraphs are added, and evidence is presented, readers begin to see even more clearly the claim the writer is making. The two essays delve into a few of the same themes and looks at similar devices the author employs. Both look at the symbolic representations in the novel that aid in developing the essay’s argument. Wills regards the seeds Pecola plants as representative of the seeds of hatred planted in the minds of the people in Pecol a’s community, as well as the seed Pecola’s father planted inside her. My analysis looks more closely at society’s unobtainable ideal of beauty demonstrated in this novel through the motif of Shirley Temple, who to the young black female charac ters, is exactly what beauty is, and represents exactly what they can never have. So ciety has idealized whiteness and has decided beauty only exists for lightskinned
people with blue eyes, people like Shirley. Black and beautiful become a contradic tion in terms. While certain characters in the novel love Shirley, Claudia hates her because she has yet to internalize the concept that she is ugly because she is black. I drew upon outside and researched knowledge of Shirley and her career to help support my claim. Each paragraph in both essays has a topic sentence that extends out of the main thesis like a tree branch to more fully develop the writer’s argument. That paragraph then focuses solely on that related topic, providing evidence to enable the reader to see more clearly how this aids in developing the thesis. For example, in one paragraph I state that, “Pauline [Breedlove] is another example of a charac ter whose ideal of beauty rests with a skewed image of whiteness, which in her case is seen through the movie screen” (Mullins 3). I use textual evidence to depict Pau line’s life experiences and to better gage her relationship with films. The quotes I used show how another character, Pauline, has been introduced to the physical idea of beauty. I also used Morrison’s character sketches in the novel to support my claim, as she points out that for Pauline, looking at the ideas of physical beauty on the big screen were “probably the most destructive ideas in human thought. Both originated in envy, thrived in insecurity, and ended in disillusion” (Morrison 122). There’s a lot in this quote to help my argument and it is also reflective of current skewed social ideals students will be aware of and have experienced. Including such powerful and thoughtprovoking quotes, along with explanations in the essay will help the writer and the reader to more fully engage with the novel and the topic the writer is unpacking. Textual evidence should be expanded upon to show to the intended audience the writer’s knowledge of the support this evidence gives to their argument. In my analysis I made the claim that Claudia hated white baby dolls because she wondered why the world “had agreed that a blueeyed, yellowhaired, pinkskinned doll was what every girl treasured” (Morrison 20). Yet instead of leaving it at that, I made sure to expound upon this evidence and to make it relevant, by stating that Claudia “had yet to turn her hatred of the dolls upon herself, so she instead attemp ted to solve why society had decided that was what was beautiful by dismembering the doll to try to unravel its desirability” (Mullins 2). I had to make sure my inten ded audience understood that Claudia was remarking upon the unobtainable beauty
the dolls, like Shirley, represented to black children. She was confused by the worth and value society placed in those features, features she was supposed to adore, when, in reality, she could never obtain them. Wills does a good job backing up her textual evidence as well. She uses the quote that Pauline Breedlove “never felt at home anywhere, or that she belonged anyplace” to help show how Pauline’s injured foot made her feel unworthy and separated, and how this feeling was continually in tensified by her experiences of exclusion and loneliness that only progressed throughout her life (Morrison 111). By remarking upon the quote’s relevance with in the essay, one can help readers to understand why it was included and how it relates to the argument. Metaphors and other literary devices are compelling to study and to include in an analysis because they are engaging aspects of a literary text. They can take on multiple meanings for multiple people. One may see the use of nature in the novel as a metaphor for rebirth and hope, while someone else may see it as a symbol for failure and the inability to control the occurrences in one’s life. Although one read ing of the metaphor may help argue the writer’s thesis, it is most interesting be cause it may also be read or understood in a completely different way. This is what makes the literary analysis process such an intriguing undertaking. One may never know exactly what the author meant, but by framing the symbol or motif in a cer tain way, it can be used to aid the argument. The Bluest Eye, in all its metaphors, societal commentary, character devel opment, and themes of nature, selfloathing, victimization, resentment and idealiz ation of beauty, makes for a great read and an even better analysis. There is so much to grab on to. In the end of both analyses, Wills and I come back to our thesis either in formulaic progression, or in a more round about way. We both acknow ledge Morrison’s reasoning and her commentary on the evil and hatred, and at some points, the misguided good, grounded in the people who surround Pecola. Morrison, Wills, and I both understand that societal flaws exist and although Pecol a’s life may seem a little exaggerated, these types of people and experiences do ex ist. Wills understands that although the characters make Pecola feel like it’s her fault everything bad happens to her, that she is really the victim and she brought none of these hardships on herself.
The two essays look at abstract ideas such as racism, classism, and prejudice. These can be used to reflect upon a common theme in the novel, but also to analyze how it plays out in the world outside that of the novel’s created one. Each essay ends with a conclusion that looks beyond the characters in the novel, and at the big ger picture. It focuses on how Morrison makes apparent the societal truths and flaws stemming from ignorance and concepts of racism and prejudice that are still engrained in our society. The conclusion, in both, is careful to eloquently restate and reestablish the thesis statement from the beginning of the essay.
Works Cited: Morrison, Toni. The Bluest Eye. New York: Washington Square Press, Simon and Schuster. 1994. Mullins, Emily. “Shirley Temple and Society’s Ideal of Beauty”. Michigan State University, ENG 153. 2005. Wills, Joy. “Genealogy of Rejection in Morrison’s The Bluest Eye”. http://www.lu minarium.org/contemporary/tonimorrison/wills.htm. 2009.