Texto 2 Ano- Junho 09

Língua Estrangeira: Inglês Why do I get acne? If you’re a teen, chances are pretty good that you have some acne. Almost 8 in 10 teens have acne, along with many adults. Acne is so common that it’s considered a normal part of puberty. But knowing that doesn’t always make it easier when you’re looking at a big pimple on your face in the mirror. So what is acne, and what can you do about it? What Is Acne and What Causes It? Acne is a condition of the skin that shows up as different types of bumps. These bumps can be blackheads, whiteheads, pimples, or cysts. Teens get acne because of the hormonal changes that come with puberty. If your parents had acne as teens, it’s more likely that you will, too. The good news is that, for most people, acne goes away almost completely by the time they are out of their teens. The type of acne that a lot of teens get is called acne vulgaris (the meaning of “vulgaris” isn’t as bad as it sounds — it means “of the common type”). It usually shows up on the face, neck, shoulders, upper back, and chest. The hair follicles, or pores, in your skin contain sebaceous glands (also called oil glands). These glands make sebum, which is an oil that lubricates your hair and skin. Most of the time, the sebaceous glands make the right amount of sebum. As a teen’s body begins to mature and develop, though, hormones stimulate the sebaceous glands to make more sebum, and the glands may become overactive. Pores become clogged if there is too much sebum and too many dead skin cells. Bacteria (especially one called Propionibacterium acnes) can then get trapped inside the pores and multiply, causing swelling and redness — the start of acne. If a pore gets clogged up and closes but bulges out from the skin, you’re left with a whitehead. If a pore gets clogged up but stays open, the top surface can darken and you’re left with a blackhead. Sometimes the wall of the pore opens, allowing sebum, bacteria, and dead skin cells to make their way under the skin — and you’re left with a small, red bump called a pimple (sometimes pimples have a pus-filled top from the body’s reaction to the bacterial infection). Clogged pores that open up very deep in the skin can cause nodules, which are infected lumps or cysts that are bigger than pimples and can be painful. There are a few myths out there about things that cause acne. Acne isn’t caused by eating greasy foods like french fries or pizza, chomping on chocolate, or drinking sodas. Some people do find that they notice their breakouts get more severe when they eat too much of a certain food, though. If you’re one of them, it’s worth trying to cut back on that food to see what happens.

Stress doesn’t usually cause acne either (although it can make existing acne worse because stress increases sebum production). There are also myths about what helps make acne better. Acne isn’t really helped by the sun. Although a tan can temporarily make acne look less severe, it won’t help it go away permanently — and some people find that the oils their skin produces after being in the sun make their pimples worse. Adapted from: Why do I get acne? http://www.kidshealth.org/teen/your_body/skin_stuff/acne.html Consultado em 21/08/2006 às 10h52m

PAIES/UFU - 2ª Etapa Subprograma 2005-2008 - PROVA TIPO 1 QUESTÃO 21 De acordo com o texto, marque para as alternativas abaixo (V) verdadeira, (F) falsa, ou (SO) sem opção. 1 ( ) Teens get acne because they eat greasy food. 2 ( ) Stress increases output of sebum. 3 ( ) Eating excess of certain foods can make acne worse. 4 ( ) French fries are a favorite food of teens although it causes acne. 14 PAIES/UFU - 2ª Etapa Subprograma 2005-2008 - PROVA TIPO 1 QUESTÃO 22 De acordo com o texto, marque para as alternativas abaixo (V) verdadeira, (F) falsa ou (SO) sem opção. 1 ( ) Mudanças hormonais afetam as glândulas sebáceas, provocando o aparecimento do acne. 2 ( ) Em geral, oito por cento dos adolescentes desenvolvem acne vulgaris. 3 ( ) Acne vulgaris costuma aparecer na face, nos ombros e nas costas, entre outras partes do corpo. 4 ( ) Em geral, os pais de adolescentes com acne também sofreram com esse problema. QUESTÃO 23 De acordo com o texto, marque para as alternativas abaixo (V) verdadeira, (F) falsa, ou (SO) sem opção. 1 ( ) Lavar o rosto duas vezes ao dia previne o aparecimento do acne. 2 ( ) Comer chocolate não aumenta o aparecimento do acne. 3 ( ) Bronzear-se potencializa o efeito contínuo do aparecimento do acne. 4 ( ) Intensificar a produção da propionibacterium acnes inibe o aparecimento do acne.

QUESTÃO 24 De acordo com o texto, marque para as alternativas abaixo (V) verdadeira, (F) falsa ou (SO) sem opção. 1 ( ) Pores that open superficially on the skin are nodules. 2 ( ) Pores that are congested but stay open at the surface and get dark are blackheads. 3 ( ) When the wall of pores open permitting sebum, bacteria and dead skin cells under the skin you get a pimple. 4 ( ) When pores are unblocked you are left with a whitehead. 15