Test Guide- English Colonies V.s Britain(1)

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Eamon Barkhordarian 10/22/07 Helsaple 4th period Social Studies

Test Guide English Colonies vs. Britain HOMEWORK I.D’S pg.136-139 Sugar Act- An act that was signed in 1764. The sugar act lowered the tax on molasses that had been imported, by the colonists. The British government hoped the lowered tax would convince the colonists to pay the tax instead of smuggling. Smuggling- Smuggling means to trade illegally with other nations. By establishing the Sugar Act, the Parliament hoped the colonists would pay the tax instead of smuggling. Boycotted- To boycott means to refuse to buy goods from a particular country. In this case, the colonists boycotted Britain. Repealed- Repealed means to cancel something. The colonists boycotted enough so that the British had to think of something else. In 1766, the parliament repealed the Stamp Act. Townshend Acts- In 1767, Parliament passes another set of laws known as the Townshend Acts. In these acts, the new taxes were only on imported goods. By creating these acts, the British tried to avoid some of the problems the Stamp Act caused. Propaganda- information put out by an organization or government to promote a policy, idea, or cause. Crispus Attucks- One member who was killed in the Boston massacre. He was a dock worker. He was part African, part Native American. Samuel Adams- He was Massachusetts’s radical leader. He was one who called for resistance under British rule. He received the Boston committee of correspondence. Coercive/Intolerable Acts- It was passed by the parliament in 1774. It closed down the Boston Harbor and 0ut the government of Massachusetts under military

2 sentences

Eamon Barkhordarian 10/22/07 Helsaple 4th period Social Studies

rule. It said British troops should be quartered, or given a place to live in colonists homes. Militia- After much debate the delegates decided to form militias. Militias are a group of citizen soldiers. If fighting broke out, the colonies would be ready with their own armed forces.

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Eamon Barkhordarian 10/22/07 Helsaple 4th period Social Studies

HOMEWORK I.D’S pg.154-157 1. Mercenaries- Soldiers that get paid to fight. They do not fight for a cause, they only fight for money. 2. General William Howe- A British general. He drove Washington out of New York. 3. General John Burgoyne- A British general who made his army advance Southward from Canada. Soon after reaching the town of Saratoga in New York, his forces founded themselves surrounded by a larger American army under General Horatio Gates. After a desperate attack, the British realized they were trapped and Burgoyne surrendered on October 17, 1777. 4. Bernardo de Galvez- The Spanish governor of Louisiana. His army forced British troops from towns and forts along the Gulf of Mexico. His efforts secured the southern frontiers of the United States. 5. Marquis de Lafayette- A French nobleman and a hardy soldier at the Valley Forge. He was dedicated to the ideas of the Declaration of Independence. He was a trusted aide to Washington. 6. Friedrich von Stueben- A former army officer from Germany. He transformed the ragged Continental Army into a more effective fighting force. 7. John Paul Jones- A daring American naval officer. He raided British ports. Jones ship fought a British warship and at one point, Jones’s ship was so badly wounded that the British Captain asked whether Jones wanted to surrender, and Jones responded, “I have not yet begun to fight.” In the end, Jones made the British ships surrender, making him a naval hero. 8. Guerilla Warfare- A hit and run technique the Colonists used in the war against the British. This technique caught the British off guard. 9. French Revolution- French rebels fought in defense of “liberty, quality, and fraternity (union).” French revolutionaries repeated the principles of the American Declaration of Independence.

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Eamon Barkhordarian 10/22/07 Helsaple 4th period Social Studies

10. Toussaint-Louverture- The person who led the Africans into freedom. They rejected French rule. And in the end gained independence from the Colonists.

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Eamon Barkhordarian 10/22/07 Helsaple 4th period Social Studies

HOMEWORK I.D’S pg.140-153 1. Minutemen- Companies of civilian soldiers. They boasted that they were ready to fight on a minute’s notice. That was how they got their name. 2. King George III- The king of Britain. He announced to Parliament that the New England colonies were “in a state of rebellion.” He sent 3000 British soldiers around Boston. 3. Paul Revere- One of the two colonists who rode to Lexington on April 18, 1775. The two tried to warn the colonists that the British were coming. Revere shouted, “ the regulars are out!” 4. Petition- A formal request. In July, the Continental Congress sent this to King George III. In this case, it was called the Olive Branch Petition. 5. Thomas Paine- In January 1776, the writer convinced many that independence was the only answer. He convinced the many people through a book he wrote, called common sense. He called for complete separation from Britain. 6. Preamble- One of the major sections in the Declaration. The preamble was the introduction in the Declaration of Independence. It explained that people who wish to form a new country should explain their reasons for doing so. 7. Patriots- Americans who supported independence from Britain. They believed the British would give up after losing one or two battles. The supported the struggle for independence. 8. Neutral- Some people were this, taking neither side in conflict. These people did not support the struggle for independence. 9. Loyalists- People who remained loyal to Great Britain. At least one of five Americans were Loyalists. Perhaps as many as one in three. 10. Casualties- Any loss in numerical strength through any cause. Some are death, wounds, sickness, capture, or desertion.

2 sentences

Eamon Barkhordarian 10/22/07 Helsaple 4th period Social Studies

1) The government was taking away many rights of the citizens and not doing what people wanted. Every time the colonists thought they were being treated unfairly, they wrote to the king. He answered by treating us even more unfairly. And finally, they believed that a ruler, in this case Britain’s, who abuses their power should not be able to rule the people, and that the people have the right to overthrow him. 2) There were lots of money issues that arose from the French and Indian War. In order to pay for the war, the British taxed the colonists. The colonists were mad because they had to pay extra money on taxes for everything they bought. After a while, the colonists got tired of the whole taxing idea and rebelled. After rebellion starts and British troops opened fire on the colonists, the whole American Revolution began, where the Colonists wanted to separate from Britain. 3) Thomas Paine created a book called common sense. His book, common sense shows many times how Britain has treated the colonists unfairly and many reasons why the colonists should break off from Britain. Some include that Britain is only protecting the colonies for its own benefit, they bring war upon their own people, the colonists, and that small countries shouldn’t be governing countries much bigger than they are. 4) First of all, Britain was the country who created all the colonists, and sent them to America to settle. Secondly, tax is not that much so the colonists don’t need to complain about it, but even so, that little bit of money considered tax goes to the protection of the colonists and the transportation to bringing resources to them. And finally, Britain has sacrificed so much for the colonists. They have used a lot of money and time spent on the colonists. And even after they have done so much, the colonists still wan to break off. 5) The British have multiple advantages if they have a war with the colonists. First of all, they have the largest, best trained, and best equipped army in the world, so no one can really oppose them. Secondly, Britain has a lot of forts in America, so they already have many troops within the colonists. On the other hand, the colonists have some advantages as well. First of all, Britain is 3000 miles away, so if they ever were low on food, supplies, or men, it would take at least a month for those necessities to come. Finally, the colonists used guerilla warfare, which was a very cheap yet effective way to kill many British troops.