Test Guide- English Colonies V.s Britain

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Eamon Barkhordarian 10/22/07 Helsaple 4th period Social Studies

Test Guide English Colonies vs. Britain HOMEWORK I.D’S pg.136-139 Sugar Act- An act that was signed in 1764. The sugar act lowered the tax on molasses that had been imported, by the colonists. The British government hoped the lowered tax would convince the colonists to pay the tax instead of smuggling. Smuggling- Smuggling means to trade illegally with other nations. By establishing the Sugar Act, the Parliament hoped the colonists would pay the tax instead of smuggling. Boycotted- To boycott means to refuse to buy goods from a particular country. In this case, the colonists boycotted Britain. Repealed- Repealed means to cancel something. The colonists boycotted enough so that the British had to think of something else. In 1766, the parliament repealed the Stamp Act. Townshend Acts- In 1767, Parliament passes another set of laws known as the Townshend Acts. In these acts, the new taxes were only on imported goods. By creating these acts, the British tried to avoid some of the problems the Stamp Act caused. Propaganda- information put out by an organization or government to promote a policy, idea, or cause. Crispus Attucks- One member who was killed in the Boston massacre. He was a dock worker. He was part African, part Native American. Samuel Adams- He was Massachusetts’s radical leader. He was one who called for resistance under British rule. He received the Boston committee of correspondence. Coercive/Intolerable Acts- It was passed by the parliament in 1774. It closed down the Boston Harbor and 0ut the government of Massachusetts under military

2 sentences

Eamon Barkhordarian 10/22/07 Helsaple 4th period Social Studies

rule. It said British troops should be quartered, or given a place to live in colonists homes. Militia- After much debate the delegates decided to form militias. Militias are a group of citizen soldiers. If fighting broke out, the colonies would be ready with their own armed forces.

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Eamon Barkhordarian 10/22/07 Helsaple 4th period Social Studies

HOMEWORK I.D’S pg.154-157 1. Mercenaries- Soldiers that get paid to fight. They do not fight for a cause, they only fight for money. 2. General William Howe- A British general. He drove Washington out of New York. 3. General John Burgoyne- A British general who made his army advance Southward from Canada. Soon after reaching the town of Saratoga in New York, his forces founded themselves surrounded by a larger American army under General Horatio Gates. After a desperate attack, the British realized they were trapped and Burgoyne surrendered on October 17, 1777. 4. Bernardo de Galvez- The Spanish governor of Louisiana. His army forced British troops from towns and forts along the Gulf of Mexico. His efforts secured the southern frontiers of the United States. 5. Marquis de Lafayette- A French nobleman and a hardy soldier at the Valley Forge. He was dedicated to the ideas of the Declaration of Independence. He was a trusted aide to Washington. 6. Friedrich von Stueben- A former army officer from Germany. He transformed the ragged Continental Army into a more effective fighting force. 7. John Paul Jones- A daring American naval officer. He raided British ports. Jones ship fought a British warship and at one point, Jones’s ship was so badly wounded that the British Captain asked whether Jones wanted to surrender, and Jones responded, “I have not yet begun to fight.” In the end, Jones made the British ships surrender, making him a naval hero. 8. Guerilla Warfare- A hit and run technique the Colonists used in the war against the British. This technique caught the British off guard. 9. French Revolution- French rebels fought in defense of “liberty, quality, and fraternity (union).” French revolutionaries repeated the principles of the American Declaration of Independence.

2 sentences

Eamon Barkhordarian 10/22/07 Helsaple 4th period Social Studies

10. Toussaint-Louverture- The person who led the Africans into freedom. They rejected French rule. And in the end gained independence from the Colonists.