Test Form A
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CHAPTER 2
Name Date
Class
Test Form A
Climates and Ecosystems A. Vocabulary Directions: Complete each sentence by underlining the correct term in parentheses. (20 points) 1. Trees that shed their leaves when winter approaches are (deciduous, coniferous). 2. (Carnivores, Herbivores) are plant-eating animals. 3. (Climate, Weather) refers to an area’s temperature and level of precipitation over a long period of time. 4. A layer of soil just below the surface of the tundra is known as (chaparral, permafrost). 5. The spring and fall (solstices, equinoxes) mark the days when the sun appears directly overhead at the Equator. 6. The interaction of plant life, animal life, and the physical environment in which they live is a(n) (ecosystem, front). 7. The earth’s spinning on its axis is called (rotation, revolution). 8. A tropical rain forest is one type of (biome, precipitation). 9. Most areas with (continental climates, permafrost) have cold, snowy winters and warm or hot summers. 10. (Prairies, Savannas) are temperate grasslands.
B. Key Geographic Concepts and Skills Directions: Write the letter of the correct ending or answer in the blank. (40 points)
12. Desert and tundra regions are alike in which of the following ways? a. In both regions, plants and animals have to be able to survive without water. b. Both areas are subject to unexpected weather changes. c. In both regions, only plants that can adjust to extreme temperatures can survive. d. The few animals that are native to each region live very short lives.
24 Chapter 2
Test Form A
© Prentice-Hall, Inc.
11. All of the following are accurate statements about tropical rain forests except: a. The densest layer of plant life is on the forest floor. b. The largest remaining rain forests are in the Amazon River and Congo River basins. c. Each layer of the forest supports a different community of plants and animals. d. More than half of the earth’s plant and animal species live in rain forests.
Date
Class
Test Form A, continued 13. Some scientists theorize that global warming a. is caused by melting glaciers. b. is the result of increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. c. will eventually result in colder temperatures at the North and South poles. d. will result in a sharp drop in ocean levels. 14. Which of the following is not affected by the relative positions of the sun and earth? a. climate b. seasons c. thunderstorms d. day and night 15. Which of the following statements about convection is incorrect? a. Movements of air are called wind; movements of water are called currents. b. Cold air and cold water flow from the Equator toward the poles. c. It occurs because warm gases and liquids are lighter than cool gases and liquids. d. Cooler, heavier gases sink and displace lighter materials. 16. Climate regions are classified mainly on the basis of a. distance from the Equator. b. elevation. c. seasonal temperatures and precipitation. d. rainfall and location. 17. The central regions of several continents are covered by a. forests. b. deserts. c. grasslands. d. tundra.
© Prentice-Hall, Inc.
18. All of the following are accurate statements about weather and climate except: a. Ocean waters help to distribute the sun’s heat. b. Precipitation depends on air temperature and winds. c. Coastal areas usually have milder climates than do areas at the same latitude inland. d. Most areas with continental climates have a mild, humid climate all year long. 19. All of the following are accurate statements about ecosystems except: a. The plants in an ecosystem depend upon one another for shade, support, and food. b. The same types of plants grow in similar environments around the world. c. The plants and animals in a biome frequently are not suited to one another. d. Climate, sunlight, temperature, precipitation, elevation, soil, and landforms affect life in an ecosystem. 20. Broadleaf deciduous forests grow best in regions with a a. temperate climate and adequate rainfall. b. Mediterranean climate. c. tropical climate and heavy seasonal rainfall. d. cool and dry climate.
Test Form A
Chapter 2 25
CHAPTER 2
Name
CHAPTER 2
Name Date
Class
Test Form A, continued Directions: Use the three climate graphs below to answer questions 21–24. Write your answers on the lines provided. (16 points) °F
Manaus, Brazil
In.
°F
Kano, Nigeria
In.
°F
Rome, Italy
In.
90
20 90
20 90
20
80
18 80
18 80
18
70
16 70
16 70
16
60
14 60
14 60
14
50
12 50
12 50
12
40
10 40
10 40
10
30
8 30
8 30
8
20
6 20
6 20
6
10
4 10
4 10
4
2
2
2
0 -10
J FMAM J J A SOND
0
0 -10
J FMAM J J A SOND
0
0 -10
J FMAM J J A SOND
0
Line graphs show average temperature. Bar graphs show average precipitation.
Line graphs show temperature. Bar graphs show precipitation.
21. In which month does Kano, Nigeria, receive the most rainfall? 22. How do the average August temperatures in all three cities compare? 23. How would you describe the year-round temperatures in Manaus, Brazil? 24. How would you describe Rome’s climate?
C. Critical Thinking © Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Directions: Answer the following questions on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet of paper. (24 points) 25. Drawing Conclusions If a friend told you she had just moved to a region in which most rainfall was convectional precipitation, what would you be able to conclude about the climate and natural vegetation of the region? 26. Distinguishing Fact from Opinion Is the image of grasslands as regions of “tall grasses” dotted by wildflowers a false or an accurate image? Give reasons to support your answer. 27. Analyzing Causes and Effects If the earth began rotating in the opposite direction, how would the prevailing winds in each latitude zone be affected?
26 Chapter 2
Test Form A
Name Date
Class
Test Form A
Climates and Ecosystems A. Vocabulary Directions: Complete each sentence by underlining the correct term in parentheses. (20 points) 1. Trees that shed their leaves when winter approaches are (deciduous, coniferous). 2. (Carnivores, Herbivores) are plant-eating animals. 3. (Climate, Weather) refers to an area’s temperature and level of precipitation over a long period of time. 4. A layer of soil just below the surface of the tundra is known as (chaparral, permafrost). 5. The spring and fall (solstices, equinoxes) mark the days when the sun appears directly overhead at the Equator. 6. The interaction of plant life, animal life, and the physical environment in which they live is a(n) (ecosystem, front). 7. The earth’s spinning on its axis is called (rotation, revolution). 8. A tropical rain forest is one type of (biome, precipitation). 9. Most areas with (continental climates, permafrost) have cold, snowy winters and warm or hot summers. 10. (Prairies, Savannas) are temperate grasslands.
B. Key Geographic Concepts and Skills Directions: Write the letter of the correct ending or answer in the blank. (40 points)
12. Desert and tundra regions are alike in which of the following ways? a. In both regions, plants and animals have to be able to survive without water. b. Both areas are subject to unexpected weather changes. c. In both regions, only plants that can adjust to extreme temperatures can survive. d. The few animals that are native to each region live very short lives.
24 Chapter 2
Test Form A
© Prentice-Hall, Inc.
11. All of the following are accurate statements about tropical rain forests except: a. The densest layer of plant life is on the forest floor. b. The largest remaining rain forests are in the Amazon River and Congo River basins. c. Each layer of the forest supports a different community of plants and animals. d. More than half of the earth’s plant and animal species live in rain forests.
Date
Class
Test Form A, continued 13. Some scientists theorize that global warming a. is caused by melting glaciers. b. is the result of increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. c. will eventually result in colder temperatures at the North and South poles. d. will result in a sharp drop in ocean levels. 14. Which of the following is not affected by the relative positions of the sun and earth? a. climate b. seasons c. thunderstorms d. day and night 15. Which of the following statements about convection is incorrect? a. Movements of air are called wind; movements of water are called currents. b. Cold air and cold water flow from the Equator toward the poles. c. It occurs because warm gases and liquids are lighter than cool gases and liquids. d. Cooler, heavier gases sink and displace lighter materials. 16. Climate regions are classified mainly on the basis of a. distance from the Equator. b. elevation. c. seasonal temperatures and precipitation. d. rainfall and location. 17. The central regions of several continents are covered by a. forests. b. deserts. c. grasslands. d. tundra.
© Prentice-Hall, Inc.
18. All of the following are accurate statements about weather and climate except: a. Ocean waters help to distribute the sun’s heat. b. Precipitation depends on air temperature and winds. c. Coastal areas usually have milder climates than do areas at the same latitude inland. d. Most areas with continental climates have a mild, humid climate all year long. 19. All of the following are accurate statements about ecosystems except: a. The plants in an ecosystem depend upon one another for shade, support, and food. b. The same types of plants grow in similar environments around the world. c. The plants and animals in a biome frequently are not suited to one another. d. Climate, sunlight, temperature, precipitation, elevation, soil, and landforms affect life in an ecosystem. 20. Broadleaf deciduous forests grow best in regions with a a. temperate climate and adequate rainfall. b. Mediterranean climate. c. tropical climate and heavy seasonal rainfall. d. cool and dry climate.
Test Form A
Chapter 2 25
CHAPTER 2
Name
CHAPTER 2
Name Date
Class
Test Form A, continued Directions: Use the three climate graphs below to answer questions 21–24. Write your answers on the lines provided. (16 points) °F
Manaus, Brazil
In.
°F
Kano, Nigeria
In.
°F
Rome, Italy
In.
90
20 90
20 90
20
80
18 80
18 80
18
70
16 70
16 70
16
60
14 60
14 60
14
50
12 50
12 50
12
40
10 40
10 40
10
30
8 30
8 30
8
20
6 20
6 20
6
10
4 10
4 10
4
2
2
2
0 -10
J FMAM J J A SOND
0
0 -10
J FMAM J J A SOND
0
0 -10
J FMAM J J A SOND
0
Line graphs show average temperature. Bar graphs show average precipitation.
Line graphs show temperature. Bar graphs show precipitation.
21. In which month does Kano, Nigeria, receive the most rainfall? 22. How do the average August temperatures in all three cities compare? 23. How would you describe the year-round temperatures in Manaus, Brazil? 24. How would you describe Rome’s climate?
C. Critical Thinking © Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Directions: Answer the following questions on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet of paper. (24 points) 25. Drawing Conclusions If a friend told you she had just moved to a region in which most rainfall was convectional precipitation, what would you be able to conclude about the climate and natural vegetation of the region? 26. Distinguishing Fact from Opinion Is the image of grasslands as regions of “tall grasses” dotted by wildflowers a false or an accurate image? Give reasons to support your answer. 27. Analyzing Causes and Effects If the earth began rotating in the opposite direction, how would the prevailing winds in each latitude zone be affected?
26 Chapter 2
Test Form A
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