Teknologi Informasi

Fundamentals of Algorithms Budi Hartono, ST, MPM

Computer = problem solver ? • Well, .. It all depends It can be useful to help us, but … it must be pre-programmed

Computer = problem solver ? Do this !!!

??

If x then y

Do x !!!

ok

Computer = problem solver ? • Pre-programming = – Giving a set of instructions in advance • How the computer should behave

• Computer will follow the instructions – Fast – Accurate – Repetitive

Steps of Problem Solving using Computers

Programming Language • A sets of instructions: programming • The language • Writen  language that the compie understands • Machine languages

Types of language • Low  primitive  machine-oriented – Directly executable (by compie)

• High  people-oriented

Algorithms • Logical flow of solving a problem • Independent to the programming language

A

B

HOW ??

Algorithms Algorithm: Exchange_the_Content

1. Pour the blue water to A A

B

2. Pour the yellow water to B

HOW ??

Algorithms Algorithm: Exchange_the_Content A

B

1. Pour the blue water to C 2. Pour the yellow water to B 3. Pour the blue water to A

C

Another one

???

Important Notice • • • • •

Start & Stop Non-ambiguous There is (are) (an) input(s) There is (are) (an) output(s) Effective

Source: The art of computer programming, Knuth, Donald E., 1973

Algorithms • Heart of infomatics science & engineering • Used not only in computers !!

Process 1 2 3

Algorithms

Cake makers recipes Chemistry experiments experiment guidelines Car Assembly assembling flow

Example of steps …

How it works

Input devices

CPU

Output devices

memory Data Applications & OSs

The Steps ALGORITHMS TRANSLATION HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGE COMPILATION MACHINE LANGUAGE INTERPRETATION OPERATIONS