Technical Seminar Rebars And Soils. Prdp.pdf

MATERIALS TESTING AND QUALITY CONTROL SEMINAR for Philippine Rural Development Program January 12 – 16, 2015 BY ENG’R. ABNER GEORGE S. LOMIBAO THE UNIVERSAL CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS INSPECTION AND LABORATORY

POZZOLANIC PHILS, INC.

STEEL REINFORCEMENT

STEEL BARS FOR CONCRETE REINFORCEMENT • BAR is a steel product of plain round or deformed cross section as rolled including a rod of steel • DEFORMED BAR is a steel bar the surface of which is provided during hot rolling with lugs or protrusions called deformations • PLAIN BAR is a rolled steel bar without surface deformation

STEEL CLASSIFICATION AND GRADING • HOT ROLLED NON-WELDABLE DEFORMED STEEL BAR • HOT ROLLED WELDABLE DEFORMED STEEL BAR • HOT ROLLED WELDABLE PLAIN STEEL BAR

Steel Rebars Marking

W

Classification Grade

Bar Size

Steel Bars Materials • R – Rail • A – Axle • S – Billet • W – Low Alloy

Steel Rebars Sizes No.

Bar Diameter, mm

1 2

8 10

3

12

4 5

16 20

6 7

25 28

8 9

32 36

10

40

Test Method for Rebar • Tension Test – Yield Strength – Ultimate Tensile Strength

• Elongation • Cold Bend Test • Deformation – Average Spacing – Height – Gap

• Variation in weight

Chemical Analysis of Steel Bar Chemical Composition Class

Grade

Hot-Rolled NonWeldable Deformed Bar

230 275 415

Hot-Rolled Weldable Deformed Bar or Plain Steel Bar

230 275 415

Chemical Composition, Percent Maximum C

Mn

P

S

Si

C.E.**

-

-

0.050* 0.050* 0.050*

0.050* 0.050* 0.050*

-

-

0.30 0.35 0.30

0.90 1.20 1.50

0.050 0.050 0.050

0.050 0.050 0.050

0.050

0.55 0.55 0.55

Physical and Chemical Properties Requirements of Steel Bar Class

Grade

Yield Strength, Mpa, min.

Tensile Strength, Mpa, min.

Specimen

Elongation in 200 mm, % min.

Bending Angle, Degree

Diameter of Pin (d=nominal diameter of specimen

HotRolled NonWeldable Deformed Bar

230

230

390

D<25mm

18

180

3d

D>25mm

16

D<25mm

10

D>25mm

8

D<25mm

8

D>25mm

7

D<25mm

20

D>25mm

18

D<25mm

16

D>25mm

14

D<25mm

14

D>25mm

12

HotRolled Weldable Deformed Bar

275

415

230

275

415

275

415

230

275

415*

480

620

390

480

550*

4d 180

4d 5d

180

5d 6d

180

3d 4d

180

4d

5d 180

5d 6d

SOIL - AGGREGATES

SOIL-AGGREGATE  SOIL  From a geologic view point, soil is the relativity thin layer of disintegrated rock laying on or near the surface of the earth mixed with organic matter which is the product of decaying vegetation and animal materials  From the engineering stand point, soil includes everything gravel, sand, silt, clay and badly shattered soft rock from the earth surface to solid rock.

SOIL-AGGREGATE  TOP SOIL - is the top layer of soil that can support vegetation  SUITABLE MATERIAL - materials that are acceptable in accordance with the specifications and are capable of being compacted to form a stable fill having side slopes  UNSUITABLE MATERIALS – all materials such as materials from swaps, marshes or bogs, peats, logs, stumps, and perishable materials, materials susceptible to spontaneous combustion, clay of liquid limit exceeding 80 and or plasticity index exceeding 55, and materials having a moisture content greater than the required specification.

CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS AND SOIL AGGREGATE MIXTURE (AASHTO M 145) Table 1. Classification of Soils and Soil-Aggregates Mixtures General Classification

Group Classification Sieve Analysis, percent passing 2.00mm (No. 10)............. 0.425mm (No. 40)………. 0.075mm (No. 200)……..

Characteristics of fraction passing 0.425 mm (No. 40) Liquid Limit ……………… Plasticity Index ………….

General rating as Sub-grade ª ß

Granular Materials (35 percent or Less Passing 0.075 mm)

Silt – Clay Materials (More than 35 percent Passing 0.075 mm)

A-1

A-3ª

A-2

A-4

A-5

A-6

A-7

--50 Max 25 Max

--51 Min. 10 Max

----35 Max

----36 Min

----36 Min

----36 Min

----36 Min

--6 Max

--N. P.

ß

40 Max 10 Max

Excellent to Good

41 Max 10 Max

40 Max 11 Min

41 Min 11 Min

Fair to Poor

The placing of A-3 before A-2 is necessary in the left to right elimination process and does not indicate superiority of A-3 over A-2 See table 2 for values.

CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS AND SOIL AGGREGATE MIXTURE (AASHTO M 145) Table 2. Classification of Soils and Soil-Aggregates Mixtures General Classification A-1 Group Classification Sieve Analysis, percent passing 2.00mm (No. 10)............. 0.425mm (No. 40)………. 0.075mm (No. 200)…….. Characteristics of fraction passing 0.425 mm (No. 40) Liquid Limit ………….. Plasticity Index ………

Usual types of significant constituent materials

General ratings as subgrade ª

Silty – Clay Materials (More than 35 Percent Passing 0.075 mm)

Granular Materials (35 Percent or Less Passing 0.075 mm) A-3

A-1-a

A-1-b

50 Max 30 Max 15 Max

--50 Max 25 Max

A-2

A-7

A-2-4

A-2-5

A-2-6

A-2-7

A-4

A-5

A-6

A-7-5 A-7-6

--51 Max 10 Max

----35 Max

----35 Max

----35 Max

----35 Max

----36 Min

----36 Min

----36 Min

----36 MIn

--6 Max

--N.P.

40 Max 10 Max

Stone fragments, gravel, and sand

Fine Sand

41 Min 10 Max

40 Max 11 Min

41 Min 11 Min

Silty or Clayey Gravel and Sand

Excellent to Good

40 Max 10 Max

41 Min 10 Max

Silty Soils

40 Max 11 Min

41 Min 11 Min

Clayey Soils

Fair to Poor

Plasticity index of A-7-5 subgroup is equal to or less than LL minus 30. Plasticity index of A-7-6 subgroup is greater than LL minus 30

TEST METHOD OF SOIL – AGGREGATES MATERIALS EMBANKMENT AND SUBGRADE

 – – –

GRADING ANALYSIS ATTERBERG LIMITS (LL, PL, PI) AASHTO T 89/T90 PROCTOR TEST (MOISTURE DENSITY RELATION OF SOILS) AAHSTO T-99 [Using 2.5 kg (5.5 lbs) Rammer and a 305 mm (12.0 inch) drop Method A – Soil material passing a 4.75mm (# 4)sieve Use 101.60 mm (4.0 inch) Mold Compaction is 3 layers @ 25 blows per layer Method B - Soil material passing a 4.75mm (# 4) sieve Use 152.40 mm (6.0 inch) Mold Compaction is 3 layers @ 56 blows per layer

TEST METHOD OF SOIL – AGGREGATES MATERIALS

– – –

Method C - Soil material passing a 19.00m (3/4”)sieve Use 101.60 mm (4.0 inch) Mold Compaction is 3 layers @ 25 blows per layer Method D - Soil material passing a 19.00mm (3/4”) sieve Use 152.40 mm (6.0 inch) Mold Compaction is 3 layers @ 56 blows per layer CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO (CBR), AASHTO T-193 FIELD DENSITY TEST (DEGREE OF COMPACTION) AASHTO T-191 IN SITU CBR (IF REQUIRED)

TEST METHOD OF SOIL – AGGREGATES MATERIALS 

AGGREGATE SUB BASE COURSE – GRADING ANALYSIS – ATTERBERG LIMITS (LL, PL, PI) AASHTO T 89/T90 – PROCTOR TEST (MOISTURE DENSITY RELATION OF SOILS) AAHSTO T-180 [Using 4.54 kg (10.0 lbs) Rammer and a 457 mm (18.0 inch) drop Method A – Soil material passing a 4.75mm (# 4) sieve Use 101.60 mm (4.0 inch) Mold Compaction is 5 layers @ 25 blows per layer Method B - Soil material passing a 4.75mm (# 4) sieve Use 152.40 mm (6.0 inch) Mold Compaction is 5 layers @ 56 blows per layer

TEST METHOD OF SOIL – AGGREGATES MATERIALS

– – –

Method C - Soil material passing a 19.00mm (3/4”)sieve Use 101.60 mm (4.0 inch) Mold Compaction is 5 layers @ 25 blows per layer Method D - Soil material passing a 19.00mm (3/4”) sieve Use 152.40 mm (6.0 inch) Mold Compaction is 5 layers @ 56 blows per layer ABRASION LOSS CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO (CBR), AASHTO T-193 FIELD DENSITY TEST (DEGREE OF COMPACTION) AASHTO T-191

TEST METHOD OF SOIL – AGGREGATES MATERIALS AGGREGATE BASE COURSE

 – – –

GRADING ANALYSIS ATTERBERG LIMITS (LL, PL, PI) AASHTO T 89/T90 PROCTOR TEST (MOISTURE DENSITY RELATION OF SOILS) AAHSTO T-180 [Using 4.54 kg (10.0 lbs) Rammer and a 457 mm (18.0 inch) drop

Method A – Soil material passing a 4.75mm (# 4) siev Use 101.60 mm (4.0 inch) Mold Compaction is 5 layers @ 25 blows per layer Method B - Soil material passing a 4.75mm (# 4) sieve Use 152.40 mm (6.0 inch) Mold Compaction is 5 layers @ 56 blows per layer Method C - Soil material passing a 19.00mm (3/4”)sieve Use 101.60 mm (4.0 inch) Mold Compaction is 5 layers @ 25 blows per layer

TEST METHOD OF SOIL – AGGREGATES MATERIALS

– – –

Method D - Soil material passing a 19.00mm (3/4”) sieve Use 152.40 mm (6.0 inch) Mold Compaction is 5 layers @ 56 blows per layer ABRASION LOSS CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO (CBR), AASHTO T-193 FIELD DENSITY TEST (DEGREE OF COMPACTION) AASHTO T-191

TEST METHOD OF SOIL – AGGREGATES MATERIALS Materials

Test Required

Required Specification

Embankment, Sub-grade

Sieve Analysis Atterberg Limit (LL,PL,PI) Proctor Test (Moisture Density Relation of Soils) CBR FDT

95.0 % Min.

Sieve Analysis Atterberg Limit (LL,PL,PI) Proctor Test (Moisture Density Relation of Soils) Abrasion Loss CBR FDT

50% Max 25% Min 100% Min

Sub Base Course

Aggregate Base Course

Sieve Analysis Atterberg Limit (LL,PL,PI) Proctor Test (Moisture Density Relation of Soils) Abrasion Loss Fractured Face CBR FDT

50% Max 80% Min 100% Min

TEST METHOD OF SOIL – AGGREGATES MATERIALS

Proctor Test (Moisture Density of Soil) 1. 2.

Laboratory Maximum Dry Density Optimum Moisture Content

TEST METHOD OF SOIL – AGGREGATES MATERIALS

Field Density Test 



Density Sand o Gradation o Unit Weight Unit Weight = Wt of jug + Density Sand – Wt of jug Volume of jug Volume of Ring

V = Wt of jug (Initial) – Wt jug (Final) Unit Weight of Density Sand 

Field Dry Density

STEEL REINFORCEMENT

STEEL BARS FOR CONCRETE REINFORCEMENT  BAR is a steel product of plain round or deformed cross section as rolled including a rod of steel  DEFORMED BAR is a steel bar the surface of which is provided during hot rolling with lugs or protrusions called deformations  PLAIN BAR is a rolled steel bar without surface deformation

STEEL CLASSIFICATION AND GRADING  HOT ROLLED NON-WELDABALE DEFORMED STEEL BAR  HOT ROLLED WELDABALE DEFORMED STEEL BAR  HOT ROLLED WELDABLE PLAIN STEEL BAR

Physical and Chemical Properties Requirements of Steel Bar Class

Grade

Yield Strength, min.

Tensile Strength, Mpa, min.

Specimen

Elongation in 200 mm, % min.

Bending Angle, Degree

Diameter of Pin (d=nominal diameter of specimen

HotRolled NonWeldable Deformed Bar

230

230

390

D<25mm

18

180

3d

D>25mm

16

D<25mm

10

D>25mm

8

D<25mm

8

D>25mm

7

D<25mm

20

D>25mm

18

D<25mm

16

D>25mm

14

D<25mm

14

D>25mm

12

HotRolledWe ldable Deformed Bar

275 415 230 275

415

275 415 230 275

415*

480 620 390 480

550*

4d 180

4d 5d

180

5d 6d

180

3d 4d

180

4d

5d 180

5d 6d

Chemical Analysis of Steel Bar Chemical Composition Class

Grade

Hot-Rolled NonWeldable Deformed Bar

230 275 415

Hot-Rolled Weldable Deformed Bar or Plain Steel Bar

230 275 415

Chemical Composition, Percent Maximum

0.30 0.35 0.30

C

Mn

P

S

Si

C.E.**

-

-

0.050* 0.050* 0.050*

0.050* 0.050* 0.050*

-

-

0.90 1.20 1.50

0.050 0.050 0.050

0.050 0.050 0.050

0.050

0.55 0.55 0.55