Switching Basics And Intermediate Routing

Case Study

Switching Basics and Intermediate Routing

CCNA 3

Executive Summary This documentation has been finalised after a lot of research and discussions by the entire Network Consultant Group. All the information required to install configure and test the network your company XYZ has asked for. The documentation is broken up into 6 phases. Phase 1, documents the VLSM design for all the subnets needed for the company’s groups and interfaces needed for the connection between routers. This phase includes all the tables that have all the details needed to implement the IP addresses for the interfaces for the routers, server, and hosts. This phase also have the logical network diagram that shows all the IP addresses allocated to all the router interfaces and subnets. Phase 2, discusses about the possible routing protocols to be used in the network. The various routing protocol are compared in this phase so that a decision can be made on which routing protocol to use. Phase 3, explores the OSPF routing protocol implementation and how it will be applied to the routers on the network. Phase 4, documents the VLAN design for the company. It also includes the detailed table to implement the VLAN design. Phase 5, this phase list equipment and materials needed to implement the network design. All the information need to actually install the physical network list given here. Phase 6, list the test phase showing what tests need to be preformed to make certain that the network is running as intended will all links and devices working as they were intended.

Phase 1: IP Addressing and Design Implementation IP Addresses Based on the specification given by the company, the following table has been made with the IP addressing scheme for the network design. VLSM has been used to maximise the use of IP address. VLSM design No. of host required 18 5 36 14 10 4 2 2 2 2 2

Network address

223.0.0.0/27 223.0.0.32/27 223.0.0.64/26 223.0.0.128/28 223.0.0.144/28 200.0.0.160/29 223.0.0.252/30 223.0.0.248/30 223.0.0.244/30 223.0.0.240/30 200.200.100.0/3 0

Subnet mask

Max number of host possible 30 30 62 14 14 6 2 2 2 2

In Use (yes/no)

Network Name

yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes

Sales Servers Research Admin Branch AdminVLAN MAL ADL BRL GWR

2

yes

Internet

There are all 11 networks in the design, and all the network address will assume a growth of 100% on the IP addresses. The Sales and Marketing group needs 18 hosts IP addresses. A network address of 223.0.0.0/27 has been assigned to this group which can accommodate 30 hosts. Servers have been allocated to network 223.0.0.32/27. Research and Development group needs 36 useable IP addresses which then been allocated with network address of 223.0.0.64/26 which has 62 useable IP address for further growth. Administration group in turn needs 14 useable IP address and has been allocated with the network address of 223.0.0.128/28. The Branch Office located in Melbourne needs 10 IP addresses for the hosts. A network address of 223.0.0.144/28 has been given to this network. For the VLAN management, the IP address of 200.0.0.160/29 has been allocated which can accommodate 4 interfaces. The last 5 network address is for the connection between routers, which only need 2 useable IP address for each network. Main LAN has been allocated with 223.0.0.252/30, Administration LAN with 223.0.0.248/30, Branch LAN with 223.0.0.244/30, Gateway Router with 223.0.0.240/30 and for the interface connecting to the internet with the network address of 200.00.100.0/30.

This diagram gives complete logical view of the network and all the addressing used. All required networks are labelled and the router and switch information is given.

Routers MAL router There are 5 routers total in this design. MAL router will be placed in the main building. Serial 0/0 is the connection between the MAL and the GWR router. Serial 0/1 is the connection to the branch office in Melbourne. The Fast Ethernet interface is sub divided into 4 so that it can accommodate 4 VLANs, VLAN 1 for the administration of the VLANs, VLAN 10 for the Research and Development group, VLAN 20 is for Sales and Marketing group and VLAN 30 is for the servers. Details of MAL router is displayed in the table below: Location: Main Building Router Name: MAL Interface

serial 0/0 serial 0/1 FastEthernet 0/0.1 FastEthernet 0/0.10 FastEthernet 0/0.20 FastEthernet 0/0.30

Description

Speed or clock rate 64000 64000

MAL BRL

200.0.0.252 200.0.0.244

223.0.0.253 223.0.0.246

/30 /30

VLAN admin

100M

Vlan1Admin

223.0.0.160

223.0.0.162

/29

To VLAN10

100M

Research

223.0.0.64

223.0.0.65

/26

To VLAN20

100M

Sales

223.0.0.0

223.0.0.1

/27

To VLAN 30

100M

Server

223.0.0.32

223.0.0.33

/27

MAL to GWR MAL to BRL

DCE/DTE

DCE DCE

Network name

Network number

Interface IP address

Sub net

ADL router ADL router is going to be located in the administration building. There are only two interfaces in this router which is Serial 0/0 is the connection to the GWR router and the FastEthernet0/0 interface which is connected to the Admin LAN. Lo0 interface is the loop back address for OSPF routing ID. The details for the configuration of ADL router is stated in the table below: Location: Administration Building Router Name: ADL Interface

Description

Serial 0/0

To gateway router

FastEternet 0/0 Lo0

AdminLAN OSPF ID

DCE/DTE

Speed or clock rate

Network name

DTE

64000

DTE

100M

ADL Admin LAN

Network number

Interface IP address

Subnet

223.0.0.248

223.0.0.250

/30

223.0.0.128

223.0.0.128 10.0.0.1

/28 /32

BRL router BRL router will be placed at the Sales Branch Office located in Melbourne. This router has 2 interfaces. The serial0/0 interface is for the connection to the MAL router at the Main Building. The Fastethernet0/0 is for the Sales Branch LAN. The details are listed in the table below: Location: Sales Branch Office in Melbourne Router Name: BRL Interface

Serial 0/0 FastEthernet 0/0

Description

to MAL Sales branch LAN

DCE/DTE

DTE

Speed or clock rate 64000

Network name

Network number

Interface IP address

Subn et

BRL

223.0.0.244

223.0.0.245

/30

DTE

100M

BranchLan

223.0.0.144

223.0.0.145

/28

GWR router This router is located in the Administration Building. The router has 3 serial interfaces, which is serial0/0 for the connection to the internet router, serial 0/1 is for the connection to ADL router, and serial0/2 is for the connection to MAL router. Location: Administration Building Router Name: GWR Interface

serial 0/0 serial 0/1 serial 0/2 Lo0

Description

Internet facing Admin LAN Main LAN OSPF ID

DCE/DTE

DCE DCE

Speed or clock rate 64000 64000 64000

Network name GWR ADL MAL

Network number

Interface IP address 200.200.100.2 223.0.0.249 223.0.0.254 10.0.0.10

Sub net /30 /30 /30 /32

Switches Switch SW1 VLAN is implemented in this network design. There are 3 main switches that accommodate this VLAN configuration. The first switch which is SW1 is located on the first floor of the main building. SW1 is configured so that 5 servers can be set up on the first floor, but for the time being only 1 http server is available, the other 4 ports is reserved for future servers. Ports 6 to 13 are configured for the Research and Development hosts which is in VLAN 20. The Sales and Marketing hosts is configured to use ports 14 to 19 which are in VLAN 30. Port 22 is the link to SW3, port 23 in turn is the link to SW2 and port 24 is linked to the router. All the details on the switch configuration are specified in the table below: Location: First floor of the Main building Switch Name: SW1 Interface

Description

Speed

Duplex

Network name

Network number

Subne t Mask

server server server server server Research Research Research Research Research Research Research Research Sales Sales Sales Sales Sales Sales

223.0.0.32 223.0.0.32 223.0.0.32 223.0.0.32 223.0.0.32 223.0.0.64 223.0.0.64 223.0.0.64 223.0.0.64 223.0.0.64 223.0.0.64 223.0.0.64 223.0.0.64 223.0.0.0 223.0.0.0 223.0.0.0 223.0.0.0 223.0.0.0 223.0.0.0

/27 /27 /27 /27 /27 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /27 /27 /27 /27 /27 /27

VLAN

10 10 10 10 10 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 30 30 30 30 30 30

Switch port type

Encapsulatio n

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Server HTTP Server HTTP Server HTTP Server HTTP Server HTTP Research host Research host Research host Research host Research host Research host Research host Research host Sales host Sales host Sales host Sales host Sales host Sales host Unused Unused Link to Sw3 Link to Sw2

100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M

full full full full full full full full full full full full full full full full full full full

Access Access Access Access Access Access Access Access Access Access Access Access Access Access Access Access Access Access Access

100M 100M

full full

1 1

1 1

Trunk Trunk

Dot1q

24

Link to router

100M

full

1

1

Trunk

Dot1q

Dot1q

Switch SW2 This switch is located on the second floor of the main building which will be configured to accommodate VLAN 20, 30 and VLAN 1 for VLAN management. Research and Development group will be allocated on ports 1 to 13. Sales and Marketing group will use ports 14 to 21. VLAN 1 will use the last to ports which is 23 and 24. Port 23 is the interface connecting to SW1 and port 24 will be the one connected to SW3. The full configuration of the switch is specified in the table below: Location: Second floor of the Main Building Switch Name: SW2 Interface

Description

Speed

Duplex

Network name

Network number

Research

223.0.0.64 223.0.0.64 223.0.0.64 223.0.0.64 223.0.0.64 223.0.0.64 223.0.0.64 223.0.0.64 223.0.0.64 223.0.0.64 223.0.0.64 223.0.0.64 223.0.0.64 223.0.0.0 223.0.0.0 223.0.0.0 223.0.0.0 223.0.0.0 223.0.0.0 223.0.0.0 223.0.0.0

Subne t Mask

Switch port type

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30

Access Access Access Access Access Access Access Access Access Access Access Access Access Access Access Access Access Access Access Access Access

Encapsulation

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Research host Research host Research host Research host Research host Research host Research host Research host Research host Research host Research host Research host Research host Sales host Sales host Sales host Sales host Sales host Sales host Sales host Sales host Unused Link to Sw1

100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M

full full full full full full full full full full full full full full full full full full full full full

100M

full

1

Trunk

Dot1q

24

Link to Sw3

100M

full

1

Trunk

Dot1q

Research Research Research Research Research Research Research Research Research Research Research Research Sales Sales Sales Sales Sales Sales Sales Sales

/26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /27 /27 /27 /27 /27 /27 /27 /27

VLAN

Switch SW3 This is the third switch in the main building that is located on the third floor. This switch will accommodate the Research and Development group, the Sales and Marketing group and VLAN management link. Ports 1 to 16 will be used for Research and Development group. Ports 17 to 20 are for Sales and Marketing group and the last 2 ports is for the management VLAN. Port 23 is the link to SW2 and port 24 is the link for SW1. Details on the configuration are specified in the table below: Location: Third floor of the Main Building Switch Name: SW3 Interface

Description

Speed

Duplex

Network name

Network number

Research Research Research Research Research Research Research Research Research Research Research Research Research Research Research Research Sales Sales Sales Sales

223.0.0.64 223.0.0.64 223.0.0.64 223.0.0.64 223.0.0.64 223.0.0.64 223.0.0.64 223.0.0.64 223.0.0.64 223.0.0.64 223.0.0.64 223.0.0.64 223.0.0.64 223.0.0.64 223.0.0.64 223.0.0.64

Subn et Mask /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /27 /27 /27 /27

VLAN

Switch port type

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 30 30 30 30

Access Access Access Access Access Access Access Access Access Access Access Access Access Access Access Access Access Access Access Access

Encapsulation

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Research host Research host Research host Research host Research host Research host Research host Research host Research host Research host Research host Research host Research host Research host Research host Research host Sales host Sales host Sales host Sales host Unused Unused Link to Sw2

100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M

full full full full full full full full full full full full full full full full full full full full

100M

full

1

1

Trunk

Dot1q

24

Link to Sw1

100M

full

1

1

Trunk

Dot1q

223.0.0.0 223.0.0.0 223.0.0.0 223.0.0.0

IP Address Allocation Sales and Marketing group In the table shows the IP address allocated for the Sales and Marketing group. The group needs 9 IP addresses for the hosts. There are several more IP addresses available for this subnet for future upgrades. LAN name Sales

PC or server name Sales001 Sales002 Sales003 Sales004 Sales005 Sales006 Sales007 Sales008 Sales009 Sales010 Sales011 Sales012 Sales013 Sales014 Sales015 Sales016 Sales017 Sales018

IP address 223.0.0.2 223.0.0.3 223.0.0.4 223.0.0.5 223.0.0.6 223.0.0.7 223.0.0.8 223.0.0.9 223.0.0.10 223.0.0.11 223.0.0.12 223.0.0.13 223.0.0.14 223.0.0.15 223.0.0.16 223.0.0.17 223.0.0.18 223.0.0.19

Subnet

gateway

/27 /27 /27 /27 /27 /27 /27 /27 /27 /27 /27 /27 /27 /27 /27 /27 /27 /27

223.0.0.1 223.0.0.1 223.0.0.1 223.0.0.1 223.0.0.1 223.0.0.1 223.0.0.1 223.0.0.1 223.0.0.1 223.0.0.1 223.0.0.1 223.0.0.1 223.0.0.1 223.0.0.1 223.0.0.1 223.0.0.1 223.0.0.1 223.0.0.1

service provider Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host

Servers The table below shows the IP addresses allocated for the servers. Currently there is only 1 server on the subnet which is the HTTP server. The other 4 IP addresses are reserved for future servers. LAN name Servers

PC or server name

IP address

Subnet

gateway

Server001 Server002 Server003 Server004 Server005

223.0.0.34 223.0.0.35 223.0.0.36 223.0.0.37 223.0.0.38

/27 /27 /27 /27 /27

223.0.0.33 223.0.0.33 223.0.0.33 223.0.0.33 223.0.0.33

service provider Server HTTP unused unused unused unused

Research and Development group The table below shows the Research and Development IP addresses. Currently the department only needs 18 IP addresses for their hosts. There are more IP addresses for this subnet for a 100% future enhancement. LAN name Research

PC or server name R&D001 R&D002 R&D003 R&D004 R&D005 R&D006 R&D007 R&D008 R&D009 R&D010 R&D011 R&D012 R&D013 R&D014 R&D015 R&D016 R&D017 R&D018 R&D019 R&D020 R&D021 R&D022 R&D023 R&D024 R&D025 R&D026 R&D027 R&D028 R&D029 R&D030 R&D031 R&D032 R&D033 R&D034 R&D035 R&D036

IP address 223.0.0.66 223.0.0.67 223.0.0.68 223.0.0.69 223.0.0.70 223.0.0.71 223.0.0.72 223.0.0.73 223.0.0.74 223.0.0.75 223.0.0.76 223.0.0.77 223.0.0.78 223.0.0.79 223.0.0.80 223.0.0.81 223.0.0.82 223.0.0.83 223.0.0.84 223.0.0.85 223.0.0.86 223.0.0.87 223.0.0.88 223.0.0.89 223.0.0.90 223.0.0.91 223.0.0.92 223.0.0.93 223.0.0.94 223.0.0.95 223.0.0.96 223.0.0.97 223.0.0.98 223.0.0.99 223.0.0.100 223.0.0.101

Subnet /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26 /26

gateway 223.0.0.65 223.0.0.65 223.0.0.65 223.0.0.65 223.0.0.65 223.0.0.65 223.0.0.65 223.0.0.65 223.0.0.65 223.0.0.65 223.0.0.65 223.0.0.65 223.0.0.65 223.0.0.65 223.0.0.65 223.0.0.65 223.0.0.65 223.0.0.65 223.0.0.65 223.0.0.65 223.0.0.65 223.0.0.65 223.0.0.65 223.0.0.65 223.0.0.65 223.0.0.65 223.0.0.65 223.0.0.65 223.0.0.65 223.0.0.65 223.0.0.65 223.0.0.65 223.0.0.65 223.0.0.65 223.0.0.65 223.0.0.65

service provider Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host

Administration group Below shows the IP addresses for the Administration group. Only 7 IP addresses are needed for this group at the moment. There are several more IP addresses for this subnet for further upgrades. LAN name Admin

PC or server name Admin001 Admin002 Admin003 Admin004 Admin005 Admin006 Admin007 Admin008 Admin009 Admin010 Admin011 Admin012 Admin013 Admin014

IP address 223.0.0.130 223.0.0.131 223.0.0.132 223.0.0.133 223.0.0.134 223.0.0.135 223.0.0.136 223.0.0.137 223.0.0.138 223.0.0.139 223.0.0.140 223.0.0.141 223.0.0.142 223.0.0.143

Subnet /28 /28 /28 /28 /28 /28 /28 /28 /28 /28 /28 /28 /28 /28

gateway 223.0.0.129 223.0.0.129 223.0.0.129 223.0.0.129 223.0.0.129 223.0.0.129 223.0.0.129 223.0.0.129 223.0.0.129 223.0.0.129 223.0.0.129 223.0.0.129 223.0.0.129 223.0.0.129

service provider Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host

Sales Branch group The table below shows the IP addresses for the Sales Branch group that is situated in Melbourne. Currently only 5 IP addresses is needed for the hosts. 100% growth is possible for the future because there are several more IP addresses available for this sub network. LAN name Branch

PC or server name Branch001 Branch002 Branch003 Branch004 Branch005 Branch006 Branch007 Branch008 Branch009 Branch010

IP address 223.0.0.146 223.0.0.147 223.0.0.148 223.0.0.149 223.0.0.150 223.0.0.151 223.0.0.152 223.0.0.153 223.0.0.154 223.0.0.155

Subnet /28 /28 /28 /28 /28 /28 /28 /28 /28 /28

gateway 223.0.0.145 223.0.0.145 223.0.0.145 223.0.0.145 223.0.0.145 223.0.0.145 223.0.0.145 223.0.0.145 223.0.0.145 223.0.0.145

service provider host host host host host host host host host host

Phase 2: Routing Protocols Routing Protocol

Supports VLSM

Scalable

RIP V1 RIP V2 IGRP EIGRP OSPF

N Y N Y Y

N N Y Y Y

Uses multicast updates N Y Y Y Y

Has complete network view

Easy to configure

Proprietary

N N N N Y

Y Y Y Y N

N N Y Y N

All possible routing protocols were put into and matrix and certain desirable properties were evaluated against each protocol. From this matrix it was ascertained that OSPF would be the optimal protocol for XYZ company’s needs. OSPF has the right attributes such and VLSM support, it is very scalable for future expansions and it uses the least amount of network bandwidth to keep all routers up to date. OSPF does need a more skilled network administrator to setup properly and the network must follow a very structured design. This was not seen as a problem since the network has been designed following a very structured design and the OSPF protocol will be setup and maintained by experienced administrators. OSPF was chosen as the routing protocol to be used within this network.

Phase 3: OSPF ADL router in the administration building was chosen as the DR router for the OSPF protocol as it has the least workload of the 2 routers. GWR servers all packets flowing in form the internet and out to the internet so there is a much higher workload placed on this router. GWR as the DR would be a bad chosen given its much higher workload. ADL is the DR router in the administration building. There is no DR BDR election between routers in the remote branch building and the main build because this is a point to point link and no DR BDR election will take place. All the information needed to setup these routers has been added to the appropriate tables. Loopback interfaces have been added to all routers that need them to set DR priorities.

Phase 4: VLAN Design and Implementation VLANs In the table below shows the switch details about VLAN configuration. Cisco Catalyst 356024TS switches’ are recommended to implement the VLAN in the main building. Sw1 will be configured to be in server VTP mode and also the Root STP. Switch Name Sw1 Sw2 Sw3

Model 356024TS 356024TS 356024TS

# of ports 24 24 24

Location Main office floor 1 Main office Floor 2 Main office Floor 3

IP address

Gateway

223.0.0.161

223.0.0.160

223.0.0.162 223.0.0.163

Management Vlan

VTP mode

VTP domain

STP root

1

Server

XYZ

Yes

223.0.0.160

1

Client

XYZ

No

223.0.0.160

1

Client

XYZ

No

Sw1 has been elected as the STP root bridge. The reason for this is that, it is directly connected to the MAL router and it has a trunk connection to Sw3. By doing so, logic loops in the network can be eliminated. Spanning-tree configuration needs to have a central point that controls how the protocols operate. Sw1 is the central point for this network. Sw1 was also picked to be the VTP server so that any updates to the VLAN could be made on one switch and passed down to all other switches.

Phase 5: Physical Layer Design For the first floor physical layout in the main building, we are going to use a Cisco 2811 router, a Cisco Catalyst 3560-24TS switch and a patch panel to for the Horizontal Cross Connect. The Cisco 2811 router is specially made for medium size business and enterprise branch office. It provides the company with the performance, reliability and availability needed for the critical business application environment. The Cisco Catalyst 3560-24TS switch is made for this kind of business, for a small size LAN access. Main Building Floor 1 IDF/MDF/POP Equipment Type

Model No

Router

Cisco 2811 Cisco Catalyst 356024TS

Switch Patch Panel and Cat 5 cable

Qty

No./Type Ports

Description

Cost

1

2serial 1FE

2,320.95

1

24 FE

1,900.00

1

24 port

200.00

Main Building Floor 2 IDF Equipment Type Switch Patch Panel

Model No

Qty

Cisco Catalyst 356024TS

No./Type Ports 1

24 FE

1

24 port

Description

Cost

1,900.00 200.00

Main Building Floor 3 IDF Equipment Type Switch Patch Panel

Model No Cisco Catalyst 356024TS

Qty

No./Type Ports 1

24 FE

1

24 port

Description

Cost

1,900.00 200.00

These tables give a break down of the cost for equipment and materials on floor by floor basics. Vertical cable runs between MDF and IDF devices such as the routers and switches should be kept to a maximum length of 30m horizontal cable runs between switch and hosts should be kept to a maximum of 15m to the wall plate and 5m from the wall plate to the host computer. Straight thought cables will be used between the switch patch panel and the host computer. Crossover cable runs will be used between the different switch’s on the trunk links and between the router and the Sw1 switch.

This diagram shows the cable runs required at each level of the building and all the required information needed to wire up the building for the network.

Phase 6: Testing Network Routing VLAN testing To test the routing between VLANs within the main building the following tests should be preformed. Ping and telnet form 1 host on VLAN 20 to a host on VLAN 10 and 30. Telnet is the most complete test and if successful will show that all 7 layers of the OSI are working. This test should be repeated between a host on each VLAN 10, 20 and 30 and the connected VLANs. This test will test if router can occur between VLANs. This will also test the trunk links if host on different levels are picked. This is quite a complete test of the network and if all the links are working. From VLAN/SW

To VLAN/SW

Protocol

Hosts

pass/fail

Host and http services To test this, the HTTP server random host form the different VLANs will connect to port 80 of the HTTP server and see if a connection can be made. The HTTP server services people on port 80 and there for people should be able to have access to this port. From Host

To Host

pass/fail

Trunk link test On each VLAN host should be able to communicate with each other so this should also be tested. Pick 1 host on each VLAN and then telnet into a different host on the same VLAN but on a different level of the building. This will test to see if the trunks are working as intended From host

To Host

Trunk Up/Down

Route

pass/fail