SWINE FLU OUTBREAK 2009 Dr.T.V.Rao MD
Professor of Microbiology Sri Deva Raj Urs University Medical College, Kolar India DISTRIBUTED BY
www.medicalppt.blogspot .com www.medicalppt.blogspot.com
FOR MORE LECTURES
SWINE FLU 2009
2009 swine flu outbreak is the epidemic spread of a new strain of influenza virus that was clinically identified in April 2009 The new virus strain is a type of influenza A (H1N1) virus, commonly called the swine flu. The outbreak has also been called the H1N1 influenza, 2009 H1N1 flu, Mexican flu, or swine-origin influenza.
Doctortvrao’s ‘e’ learning series www.medicalppt.blogspot.com
FOR MORE LECTURES
WHO alerts it as Phase 5
WHO to change its pandemic alert phase to "Phase 5", which is defined as "...human-tohuman spread of the virus into at least two countries in one WHO region
www.medicalppt.blogspot.com
FOR MORE LECTURES
Qualifies as Phase 5
By April 28, the new strain was confirmed to have spread to Spain, the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Israel, and the virus was suspected in many other nations, with a total of over 4,400 candidate cases, prompting the WHO to change its pandemic alert phase to "Phase 5"
Doctortvrao’s ‘e’ learning www.medicalppt.blogspot.com series
FOR MORE LECTURES
Early cases - Mexico
Although the exact time and location of the outbreak is unknown, it is believed to have been first detected when an influenzalike illness was reported by both health agencies and local news media in Mexico
www.medicalppt.blogspot.com
FOR MORE LECTURES
A New Strain of Influenzae Virus
The virus responsible was clinically identified as a new strain on April 24, 2009
Doctortvrao’s ‘e’ learning series www.medicalppt.blogspot.com
FOR MORE LECTURES
A serious Concern to Health Authorities
In late April officials from both World Health Organization (WHO) and the CDC expressed serious concern about the situation, stating that the virus had the potential to become a flu pandemic.
series www.medicalppt.blogspot.com
Doctortvrao’s ‘e’ learning FOR MORE LECTURES
Virologists Optimistic
By late April, however, some virologists believed that this strain was unlikely to cause as many fatalities as earlier pandemics, and may not even be as damaging as a typical flu season.
www.medicalppt.blogspot.com
FOR MORE LECTURES
New virus is a Reassortment
The new strain is an apparent reassortment of four strains of influenza A virus subtype H1N1 Analysis at the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) identified the four component strains as one endemic in humans, one endemic in birds, and two endemic in pigs (swine). One swine strain was widespread in the United States, the other in Euras
Doctortvrao’s ‘e’ learning series www.medicalppt.blogspot.com
FOR MORE LECTURES
Why Called as Swine Flu
Although called swine flu due to it predominantly containing swine strains, the World Organisation for Animal Health have proposed the name North American influenza.
Doctortvrao’s ‘e’ learning series www.medicalppt.blogspot.com
FOR MORE LECTURES
Flu in Pigs Identified
By May 2, some pigs in Canada were diagnosed with H1N1. The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) indicates that it has found H1N1 flu virus in a swine herd in Alberta.
www.medicalppt.blogspot.com
FOR MORE LECTURES Doctortvrao’s ‘e’ learning
Proper Handling of Pig meat a Priority
Influenza viruses do not affect the safety of pork, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). As with any raw meat, pork should always be properly handled and cooked to eliminate a range of food safety concerns. www.medicalppt.blogspot.com
FOR MORE LECTURES
New Virus a New combination The CDC determined that the strain contained genes from four different flu viruses – North American swine influenza, North American avian influenza, human influenza, and swine influenza virus typically found in Asia and Europe – "an unusually mongrelised mix of genetic www.medicalppt.blogspot.com FOR MORE LECTURES sequences.
The pig strains carry several other genes
But the North American pig strain was itself the product of previous reassortments, and has carried an avian PB2 gene for at least ten years and a human PB1 gene since 1993. These genes were passed on to www.medicalppt.blogspot.com the
FOR MORE LECTURES
Pigs a Mixing vessel
Pigs can catch human and avian or bird flu. When flu viruses from different species infect pigs, they can mix inside the pig and new, mixed viruses can emerge.
www.medicalppt.blogspot.com
FOR MORE LECTURES Doctortvrao’s ‘e’ learning
Pigs infect Humans
Pigs can pass mutated viruses back to humans, and these can be passed from human to human. Transmission among humans is thought to occur in the same way as with seasonal flu.
Doctortvrao’s ‘e’ learning series www.medicalppt.blogspot.com
FOR MORE LECTURES
Case Definitions for Infection with Swineorigin Influenza A (H1N1) Virus (S-OIV)
A confirmed case of S-OIV infection is defined as a person with an acute febrile respiratory illness with laboratory confirmed S-OIV infection at CDC by one or more of the following tests. Real-time RT-PCR Viral culture
www.medicalppt.blogspot.com
FOR MORE LECTURES
A probable case of S-OIV
A probable case of S-OIV infection is defined as a person with an acute febrile respiratory illness who is positive for influenza A, but negative for H1 and H3 by influenza RT-PC PCR
Doctortvrao’s ‘e’ learning series
www.medicalppt.blogspot.com
FOR MORE LECTURES
A suspected case of S-OIV
suspected case of S-OIV infection is defined as a person with acute febrile respiratory illness with onset Within 7 days of close contact with a person who is a confirmed case of S-OIV infection, or Within 7 days of travel to community either within the United States or internationally where there are one or more confirmed cases of S-OIV infection, or Resides in a community where there are one or more confirmed cases of S-OIV infection. www.medicalppt.blogspot.com FOR MORE LECTURES
Simple Measures Help By touching something contaminated with flu viruses and then touching one's mouth or nose, and through coughing or sneezing. One of the most effective prevention measures is regular hand www.medicalppt.blogspot.com FOR MORE LECTURES
Eating Pork Safe?
People cannot catch swine flu from eating pork or pork products. Cooking pork to an internal temperature of 160 degrees Fahrenheit (71 degrees Celsius) kills the swine flu virus along with other bacteria and viruses
Doctortvrao’s ‘e’ learning series
www.medicalppt.blogspot.com
FOR MORE LECTURES
Yet no fully protective Vaccine
Vaccines are available to be given to pigs to prevent swine influenza. There is no vaccine to protect humans from swine flu, although the CDC is formulating one. The seasonal influenza vaccine may help to provide partial protection against swine H3N2, but not against swine H1N1 viruses like the one circulating now.
www.medicalppt.blogspot.com
FOR MORE LECTURES
Past Vaccines proved not safe
In 1976 a new strain of swine flu started infecting people and worried U.S. health officials started widespread vaccination. More than 40 million people were vaccinated. But several cases of GuillainBarré syndrome, a severe and sometime fatal condition that can be linked to come vaccines, caused the U.S. government to stop the program. The incident led to widespread distrust of vaccines in general
Doctortvrao’s ‘e’ learning series www.medicalppt.blogspot.com
FOR MORE LECTURES
Prevention is best option
Covering your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or sneeze. Throw the tissue in the trash after you use it.
Doctortvrao’s ‘e’ learning series www.medicalppt.blogspot.com
FOR MORE LECTURES
Clean Hands – Safe Hands
Washing your hands often with soap and water, especially after you cough or sneeze. You can also use alcohol-based hand cleaners.
Doctortvrao’s ‘e’ learning series FOR MORE LECTURES www.medicalppt.blogspot.com
Avoid Unnecessary Actions
Avoiding touching your eyes, nose or mouth. Germs spread this way Trying to avoid close contact with sick people.
Doctortvrao’s ‘e’ learning series www.medicalppt.blogspot.com
FOR MORE LECTURES
Staying at home if sick
Staying home from work or school if you are sick
Doctortvrao’s ‘e’ learning series www.medicalppt.blogspot.com
FOR MORE LECTURES
Several countreis effected WHO
The following countries have reported laboratory confirmed cases with no deaths - Austria (1), Canada (34), China, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (1), Denmark (1), France (1), Germany (4), Israel (2), Netherlands (1), New Zealand (4), Republic of Korea (1), Spain (13), Switzerland (1) and the United Kingdom (13).
Doctortvrao’s ‘e’ learning series www.medicalppt.blogspot.com
FOR MORE LECTURES
Prompt to seek Medical Attention
There is also no risk of infection from this virus from consumption of wellcooked pork and pork products. Individuals are advised to wash hands thoroughly with soap and water on a regular basis and should seek medical attention if they develop any symptoms of influenza-like illness
www.medicalppt.blogspot.com
FOR MORE LECTURES
Drug options in Swine Flu
There are four influenza antiviral drugs approved for use in the United States (oseltamivir, zanamivir, Amantidine and rimantadine). The swine influenza A (H1N1) viruses that have been detected in humans in the United States and Mexico are resistant to Amantidine and rimantadine so these drugs will not work against these swine influenza viruses. Laboratory testing on these swine influenza A (H1N1) viruses so far indicate that they are susceptible (sensitive) to oseltamivir and zanamivir
Doctortvrao’s ‘e’ learning www.medicalppt.blogspot.com series
FOR MORE LECTURES
Drugs are Highly Beneficial
If you get sick, antiviral drugs can make your illness milder and make you feel better faster. They may also prevent serious influenza complications. Influenza antiviral drugs work best when started soon after illness onset (within two 2 days), but treatment with antiviral drugs should still be considered after 48 hours of symptom onset, particularly for hospitalized patients or people at high risk for influenza-related complications.
Doctortvrao’s ‘e’ learning series www.medicalppt.blogspot.com
FOR MORE LECTURES
CDC Recommends
CDC recommends the use of oseltamivir or zanamivir for the treatment and/or prevention of infection with swine influenza viruses.
Doctortvrao’s ‘e’ learning series
www.medicalppt.blogspot.com
FOR MORE LECTURES
Oseltamivir
Oseltamivir (brand name Tamiflu ®) is approved to both treat and prevent influenza A and B virus infection in people one year of age and older Doctortvrao’s ‘e’ learning series
www.medicalppt.blogspot.com
FOR MORE LECTURES
Zanamivir
Zanamivir (brand name Relenza ®) is approved to treat influenza A and B virus infection in people 7 years and older and to prevent influenza A and B virus infection in people 5 years and older.
Doctortvrao’s ‘e’ learning www.medicalppt.blogspot.com series
FOR MORE LECTURES
Spread the Message of Flu to Everyone
www.medicalppt.blogspot.com
FOR MORE LECTURES
A good health preparedness Possible Option in Prevention
www.medicalppt.blogspot.com
FOR MORE LECTURES
Updates on Swine Flu 2009 Doctortvrao's ‘e’ learning series
Dr.T.V.Rao MD Email
[email protected] www.medicalppt.blogspot.com
FOR MORE LECTURES
DISTRIBUTED BY www.medicalppt.blogsp ot.com www.medicalppt.blogspot.com
FOR MORE LECTURES