Survey Results For "energy And Climate Change Policy: A Survey Among American Voters"
This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. Report DMCA
Overview
Download & View Survey Results For "energy And Climate Change Policy: A Survey Among American Voters" as PDF for free.
More details
- Words: 4,957
- Pages: 13
HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES August 2009
Study #9643--page 1 U.S. Climate Task Force
1724 Connecticut Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20009 (202) 234-5570
Interviews: 1,002 voters Dates: August 24-31, 2009
FINAL
48 Male 52 Female [109]
Study #9643 U.S. Climate Task Force Survey August 2009 Please note: all results are shown as percentages unless otherwise stated.
1a.
First, does anyone in this household work for a radio station, a television station, a newspaper, an advertising agency, a market research firm, or as an active political campaign worker? No ..................................................... Yes.................................................... Not sure ..........................................
1b.
CONTINUE TERMINATE
[138]
100 -
CONTINUE TERMINATE
[139]
Are you currently registered to vote at this address? Registered ........................................ Not registered ................................... Not sure ..........................................
2.
100 -
All in all, do you think that things in the nation are generally headed in the right direction, or do you feel that things are off on the wrong track? Headed in the right direction............. Off on the wrong track ...................... Mixed (VOL) ................................... Not sure..........................................
3.
38 48 11 3
[144]
Thinking about the country's energy policy, do you think America's energy policy needs a complete overhaul, major reform, minor reform, or is there no need for change? Complete overhaul ........................... Major reform ..................................... Minor reform ..................................... No need for change .......................... Not sure/refused .............................
19 47 26 4 4
[145]
HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES August 2009
4.
Study #9643--page 2 U.S. Climate Task Force
Now I'm going to mention some goals and priorities related to energy and energy policy in the United States. Please tell me how high a priority each of the following issues should be in thinking about the country's energy policy using a scale from zero to ten, on which a ten means you think it should be an extremely high priority and a zero means it should be a low priority. You may use any number from zero to ten, depending on how you feel. THIS TABLE HAS BEEN RANKED BY THE HIGHEST MEAN SCORE
High Priority Mean
10
Reducing or eliminating our dependence on imported oil...................................................................................... 8.5 48 Keeping the cost of energy reasonable and 8.4 48 avoiding large increases in electric rates................................ Expanding the use of renewable and alternative energy sources ................................................................8.3 46 Reducing carbon emissions that are linked with global warming and climate change ................................6.8 30
5.
Low Priority 8-9
6-7
0-5
Cannot Rate
31
10
11
-
24
15
13
-
28
11
15
-
22
17
31
-
[150151] [146147] [148149] [152153]
Would you favor or oppose an energy proposal designed to significantly reduce carbon emissions that contribute to climate change and increase the use of alternative and renewable energy sources? (IF RESPONDENT MAKES A CHOICE, ASK: ) Would you strongly (favor/oppose) this energy proposal, or do you just somewhat (favor/oppose) this energy proposal? Favor Strongly........................................... Somewhat ....................................... Oppose Somewhat ....................................... Strongly........................................... Not sure/refused ...........................
49 25
[154]
8 12 6
6a.
In thinking about the things Congress should consider in this kind of energy proposal, which one of the following do you think should be Congress's highest priority?
6b.
Again, thinking about the things Congress should consider in this kind of energy proposal, which of the following do you think should be Congress's second highest priority? THIS TABLE HAS BEEN RANKED BY THE HIGHEST PERCENTAGE
Expanding the development and use of renewable and alternative energy sources ......................................................................................... Minimizing new government bureaucracy................................................. Minimizing negative impact on jobs and job creation ................................ Minimizing any new taxes ......................................................................... Promoting new green energy jobs ............................................................ Reducing carbon emissions that are linked with global warming and climate change.......................................................................................... Minimizing the impact on electric rates and other costs to consumers ..... Not sure ..................................................................................................
Q.6a Top Priority
Q.6a/b COMBINED Top/Second Priorities
24 20 14 12 12
41 32 30 28 26
10 7 1
21 19 3
[155/156]
HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES August 2009
Study #9643--page 3 U.S. Climate Task Force
Now I'd like to ask you some questions about two different approaches or proposals to reduce carbon emissions and increase the use of alternative and renewable energy sources and get your reaction. (Q.7a/b AND Q.8a/b ARE ROTATED.) 7a.
(One/Another) proposal for reducing carbon emissions is commonly referred to as a "cap and trade" approach. How much would you say you know about what "cap and trade" is and the pros and cons of a "cap and trade" approach to energy policy––a lot, a fair amount, just some, very little, or have you not heard of this term or proposal before I just mentioned it? A lot............................................................ Fair amount ............................................... Just some .................................................. Very little .................................................... Haven't heard about this term/proposal ..... Not sure ...................................................
7b.
[158]
2 11 31 10 19 27
(One/Another) proposal for reducing carbon emissions is a fee on carbon usage, commonly referred to as a "carbon tax" approach. How much would you say you know about what a "carbon tax" is and the pros and cons of a "carbon tax" approach to energy policy--a lot, a fair amount, just some, very little, or have you not heard of this term or proposal before I just mentioned it? A lot............................................................ Fair amount ............................................... Just some .................................................. Very little .................................................... Haven't heard about this term/proposal ..... Not sure ...................................................
8b.
[157]
Based on what you've heard about a "cap and trade" approach to energy policy, would you say you have a very positive, somewhat positive, neutral, somewhat negative, or very negative view of this policy? Very positive ..................................... Somewhat positive ........................... Neutral.............................................. Somewhat negative .......................... Very negative.................................... Don't know name/not sure ..............
8a.
9 15 14 26 35 1
8 18 16 26 31 1
[159]
Based on what you've heard about a "carbon tax" approach to energy policy, would you say you have a very positive, somewhat positive, neutral, somewhat negative, or very negative view of this policy? Very positive ..................................... Somewhat positive ........................... Neutral.............................................. Somewhat negative .......................... Very negative.................................... Don't know name/not sure ..............
4 14 23 15 21 23
[160]
HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES August 2009
Study #9643--page 4 U.S. Climate Task Force
(Q.9 AND Q.10 ARE ROTATED.) 9.
Now I'd like to describe in a little more detail the approach frequently referred to as a "cap and trade" plan and get your reaction. This plan sets an overall limit or "cap" on the amount of carbon dioxide emissions that U.S. companies could produce with higher limits phased in over time. For example, one specific cap and trade proposal would reduce carbon emissions seventeen percent by the year 2020 and eighty percent by the year 2050. The federal government would auction or issue permits that allow companies to emit carbon dioxide up to the amount set by the cap. Companies that produce or emit less than their allowance could sell or trade their unused emissions permits to companies that go over their allowance. The idea would be to create a market-based system that allows companies to decide how best to deal with the cap set on their carbon emissions. Would you favor or oppose this "cap and trade" plan to reduce carbon emissions? (IF RESPONDENT MAKES A CHOICE, ASK: ) Do you strongly (favor/oppose) this plan, or do you just somewhat (favor/oppose) this plan? Favor Strongly........................................... Somewhat ....................................... Oppose Somewhat ....................................... Strongly........................................... Not sure/refused ...........................
10.
14 32
[161]
16 30 8
Now I'd like to describe in a little more detail the approach frequently referred to as a "carbon tax" plan and get your reaction. This plan would put a tax on carbon emissions so that the cost of carbon pollution is reflected in the price of energy. While there would not be a specific cap or limit on carbon emissions, the tax would be set at a level so that it acts as an incentive for companies to reduce their carbon emissions, improve the efficiency of fossil fuel use, and also develop new technologies and alternative energies. A carbon tax approach also would create incentives for consumers to use energy more efficiently. Individuals and households would receive tax refunds to offset the impact of the carbon tax. Would you favor or oppose this "carbon tax" plan to reduce carbon emissions? (IF RESPONDENT MAKES A CHOICE, ASK: ) Do you strongly (favor/oppose) this plan, or do you just somewhat (favor/oppose) this plan? Favor Strongly........................................... Somewhat ....................................... Oppose Somewhat ....................................... Strongly........................................... Not sure/refused ...........................
26 31 14 23 6
[162]
HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES August 2009
Study #9643--page 5 U.S. Climate Task Force
11a/b/c. Based on what you know and the descriptions I just read, which approach would you prefer to reducing carbon emissions: (Statement A:) A "cap and trade" approach that would set an overall limit on carbon emissions produced by companies and businesses and allow companies to buy and sell permits or credits for the carbon emissions they produce, OR (Statement B:) A "carbon tax" approach that taxes carbon emissions to create an incentive for companies to reduce their carbon emissions and consumers to increase their energy efficiency while also providing a revenue stream for tax refunds to individuals and households to offset the overall impact of the tax. (ASK ONLY OF RESPONDENTS WHO MAKE A CHOICE IN Q.11a/b.) Do you strongly favor the (CAP AND TRADE APPROACH/CARBON TAX APPROACH) or do you just somewhat favor the (CAP AND TRADE APPROACH/CARBON TAX APPROACH) Cap And Trade Approach Strongly.......................................... Not strongly....................................
27 7 20
Carbon Tax Approach Strongly.......................................... Not strongly....................................
58 22 36
Neither/no difference (VOL) ............ Not sure/refused..............................
13 2
[165/167]
(ASK ONLY OF RESPONDENTS WHO SAY "CARBON TAX APPROACH" IN Q.11a/b.) 11d. Why do you favor a carbon tax approach to reducing carbon emissions? (PROBE:) What are the main advantages of a carbon tax approach? (PROBE:) In what ways do you think a carbon tax approach is better than a cap and trade approach? [168-174] * Better for environment, fewer emissions, use less energy, healthier Tax credit/refund/rebate Incentive for consumers to conserve energy/change their habits Incentive for companies to reduce carbon emissions/conserve energy Better than cap and trade, criticisms of cap and trade Based on usage, pay for what you use, can’t buy or sell permits Good idea, sounds good, more likely to work Don't know; no response
16% 16 12 11 10 9 7 6%
* Asked of one-half the respondents (FORM A).
(ASK ONLY OF RESPONDENTS WHO SAY "CAP AND TRADE APPROACH" IN Q.11a/b.) 11e. Why do you favor a cap and trade approach to reducing carbon emissions? (PROBE:) What are the advantages of a cap and trade approach? (PROBE:)
In what ways do you think a cap and trade approach is better than a carbon tax approach?[208-214] *
Sounds good, good idea, good approach, better than carbon tax Against taxes, don’t want anymore taxes, fewer taxes with cap and trade Make businesses responsible, won’t do it themselves Better for businesses, allows them to adapt more easily, more flexible Better for the environment, fewer emissions, sets limits More market-based, want a more market based approach All other advantages of a cap and trade approach Don't know; no response * Asked of one-half the respondents (FORM A).
18% 17 17 9 9 5 13 4%
HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES August 2009
Study #9643--page 6 U.S. Climate Task Force
(Q.12 AND Q.13 ARE ROTATED.) 12.
Now I am going to read you some reasons people have given for why a cap and trade approach is better than a carbon tax approach to energy policy and reducing carbon emissions. For each one, please tell me whether you personally feel it is a very convincing, fairly convincing, just somewhat convincing reason, or not a convincing reason for supporting a cap and trade approach over a carbon tax approach. THIS TABLE HAS BEEN RANKED BY THE PERCENTAGE WHO SAY VERY CONVINCING
Very With the American economy in recession and American households facing near double-digit unemployment, this is the wrong time to pass a new, across-the-board carbon tax on businesses and consumers .............................................................. A cap and trade model was used successfully in the United States in the 1990s to limit sulfur dioxide emissions, which achieved a dramatic reduction in acid rain levels................................................ A carbon tax approach requires every company in every region of the country to pay the exact same tax with no flexibility to adapt the policy given the impact it might have on local and regional companies. But a cap and trade approach provides flexibility in granting permits to companies to deal with the limits or caps on their carbon emissions. So, for example, a carbon tax policy could be very harmful to our use of coal, because the impact of the tax would drive the cost of coal way up, whereas a cap and trade system could grant additional emission permits to coal companies in regions where coal is a significant energy source......................... A carbon tax approach triggers an immediate cost increase to American businesses and households and these increased costs would have to be paid before any rebates or refunds could be provided to individuals........................................................ A cap and trade approach sets a clear limit on carbon emissions and establishes specific benchmarks and timetables to achieve reductions in overall carbon emissions. But under a carbon tax approach, there's no guarantee that all or even most companies will reduce their carbon emissions rather than pay the tax, so the actual environmental impact of a carbon tax is much less certain .............. There is bipartisan support for a cap and trade approach and many political experts say it is more likely to pass than a carbon tax, given Congress's reluctance to approve new taxes. In fact, both President Obama and key Congressional Democratic leaders as well as Senator John McCain and key Congressional Republican leaders have expressed support for cap and trade policy. It's better to pursue a cap and trade approach than to risk failure with a carbon tax approach and wind up with no policy to reduce carbon emissions..........................................................................................
Convincing Just SomeFairly what
Not At All
Not Sure
40
15
20
23
2
[219]
22
20
33
22
3
[217]
21
23
24
30
2
[216]
21
15
27
34
3
[218]
18
22
29
29
2
[215]
18
18
25
37
2
[220]
HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES August 2009
13.
Study #9643--page 7 U.S. Climate Task Force
Now I am going to read you some reasons people have given for why a carbon tax approach is better than a cap and trade approach to energy policy and reducing carbon emissions. For each one, please tell me whether you personally feel it is a very convincing, fairly convincing, just somewhat convincing, or not a convincing reason for supporting a carbon tax approach over a cap and trade approach. THIS TABLE HAS BEEN RANKED BY THE PERCENTAGE WHO SAY VERY CONVINCING
Very A carbon tax would create a simple market-based incentive for businesses to limit their carbon emissions and invest in alternative and energy-efficient technologies based upon the best energy sources available in their region of operation. But a cap and trade approach does not create a direct incentive for businesses or consumers to change their behavior--in fact, big polluters that can afford to can essentially buy their way out of the cap and trade system by purchasing additional credits or allowances without making any effort to minimize their carbon emissions............................................................. A carbon tax approach is simple, transparent, and can be implemented quickly, with relatively little bureaucracy and administrative costs. But a cap and trade approach is complex, would require a vast new government bureaucracy, and would be vulnerable to manipulation by special interests because it allows politicians to carve out allowances to favored companies and industries in the form of free carbon emission credits ................................... Because the cap and trade approach of setting new energy standards would take a long time for businesses and individuals to react to, it is not an effective way to address the urgent problem of carbon emissions and climate change. The European Union––-the EU––has been operating under a cap and trade system since 2005 and so far it has not resulted in lower carbon emissions ....... By creating a commodities market for carbon emissions, a cap and trade policy would allow Wall Street banks to control the trading and pricing of these complex derivatives, which could lead to the same mismanagement and price instability that contributed to the meltdown in the financial and credit markets. By contrast, a carbon tax approach establishes a steady, preset, transparent tax on carbon emissions, which promotes stable and predictable prices that are better for American businesses and consumers ............................................ A recent analysis of a proposed carbon tax policy based on a likely tax schedule on carbon emissions found that it would have no impact on America's gross domestic product or GDP over a twenty-year period and would have a very modest to negligible effect on employment and inflation. By comparison, a recent analysis of proposed cap and trade policy found that it would reduce GDP by three hundred fifty billion dollars over twenty years, cut two point five million jobs, and reduce annual earnings for U.S. workers....... A carbon tax approach creates a steady revenue stream that provides built-in funding for two critically important things--first a portion of the revenue would be used to supply rebates or tax credits to businesses and individual households that would either fully offset or significantly minimize the cost of the carbon tax. Second, a portion of the revenue stream from a carbon tax would be dedicated to investment in alternative and renewable energy sources ................................................................................................................ Both the carbon tax and the cap and trade system would raise energy costs. But a carbon tax can be rebated back to consumers efficiently, without minimizing the benefits to the environment or the promotion of renewable energy, while the cap and trade approach sacrifices the environmental benefits in order to reduce the economic impact of the policy .............................
Convincing Just SomeFairly what
Not At All
Not Sure
35
21
21
21
2
[223]
34
19
21
24
2
[221]
31
21
24
22
2
[224]
30
19
25
24
2
[222]
25
18
25
29
3
[227]
24
22
28
24
2
[225]
22
20
28
27
3
[226]
HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES August 2009
Study #9643--page 8 U.S. Climate Task Force
(Q.14 AND Q.15 ARE ROTATED.) 14.
Let me read you arguments that supporters of each of the two policy approaches make about why their approach would be best for the U.S. economy. Please listen to each argument and tell me which one you agree with more. (Statement A:) Supporters of a cap and trade approach say that it is better for the American economy because it is flexible--it allows companies to decide for themselves how to deal with limits on their carbon emissions and it can be adapted to take into account the impact of the emissions cap on certain industries and regions. Especially in the middle of a prolonged recession, a carbon tax approach of imposing a new, preset tax on business is a bad idea. OR (Statement B:) Supporters of a carbon tax approach say that it is better for the American economy because, unlike a cap and trade approach that will create rapid changes and uncertainty in energy prices, a carbon tax establishes a steady, preset, transparent tax on carbon emissions, which promotes stable and predictable prices that are better for American businesses and consumers. (IF RESPONDENT MAKES A CHOICE, ASK: ) Do you strongly agree with this argument or just somewhat agree with this argument?
15.
A/Cap And Trade Approach Agree strongly ................................ Agree somewhat.............................
31 10 21
B/Carbon Tax Approach Agree strongly ................................ Agree somewhat.............................
53 22 31
Neither/no difference (VOL).......... Not sure/refused ...........................
13 3
[228]
Let me read you arguments that supporters of each of the two policy approaches make about why their approach would be the best for reducing carbon emissions and protecting the environment. Please listen to each argument and tell me which one you agree with more. (Statement A:) Supporters of a cap and trade approach say that it will have the most positive environmental impact because it sets a specific limit on overall carbon emissions while establishing specific benchmarks and timetables that can be adapted to scientific evidence, while a carbon tax does not actually force or guarantee that companies will reduce their carbon emissions. OR (Statement B:) Supporters of a carbon tax approach say that it will have the most positive environmental impact because it is simple, straightforward and easy to administer without the loopholes that will make a cap and trade approach ineffective. (IF RESPONDENT MAKES A CHOICE, ASK: ) Do you strongly agree with this argument or just somewhat agree with this argument? A/Cap And Trade Approach Agree strongly ................................ Agree somewhat.............................
34 13 21
B/Carbon Tax Approach Agree strongly ................................ Agree somewhat.............................
52 23 29
Neither/no difference (VOL).......... Not sure/refused ...........................
11 3
[229]
HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES August 2009
Study #9643--page 9 U.S. Climate Task Force
16abc. Based on the information you've heard, which approach would you prefer to reduce carbon emissions: (Statement A:) A "cap and trade" approach that would set an overall limit on carbon emissions produced by companies and businesses and allow companies to buy and sell permits or credits for the carbon emissions they produce, OR (Statement B:) A "carbon tax" approach that taxes carbon emissions to create an incentive for companies to reduce their carbon emissions and consumers to increase their energy efficiency while also providing a revenue stream for tax refunds to individuals and households to offset the overall impact of the tax. (ASK ONLY OF RESPONDENTS WHO MAKE A CHOICE IN Q.16a/b.) Do you strongly favor the (CAP AND TRADE APPROACH/ CARBON TAX APPROACH) or do you just somewhat favor the (CAP AND TRADE APPROACH/ CARBON TAX APPROACH) Cap And Trade Approach Strongly.......................................... Not strongly....................................
29 10 19
Carbon Tax Approach Strongly.......................................... Not strongly....................................
59 28 31
Neither/no difference (VOL) ............ Not sure/refused..............................
11 1
[232/234]
(ASK ONLY OF RESPONDENTS WHO SAY "CARBON TAX APPROACH" IN Q.16a/b.) 16d. Why do you favor a "carbon tax "approach to reducing carbon emissions? (PROBE:) What are the main advantages of a "carbon tax" approach? (PROBE:) In what ways do you think a carbon tax approach is better than a cap and trade approach? [235241] ** More transparent, fewer loopholes, straight forward, easy to track Better for the environment, fewer emissions, use less energy Good idea, sounds good, more effective, more likely to work Criticisms of cap and trade, not effective, won’t work Tax credit/refund/rebate Better for the consumer, better for the people Stimulates people to decrease energy use, gets people involved Don't know; no response ** Asked of one-half the respondents (FORM B).
19% 11 11 9 8 8 7 7%
HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES August 2009
Study #9643--page 10 U.S. Climate Task Force
(ASK ONLY OF RESPONDENTS WHO SAY "CAP AND TRADE APPROACH" IN Q.16a/b.) 16e. Why do you favor a "cap and trade" approach to reducing carbon emissions? (PROBE :) What are the advantages of a "cap and trade" approach? (PROBE :) In what ways do you think a cap and trade approach is better than a carbon tax approach? [242248] ** Not a tax, against more taxes Good idea, favor this incentive, sounds better Better for the environment, fewer emissions Like that the plan has guidelines/timeframe/limits Makes businesses responsible, won’t do it on their own, forces them Less government involvement, don’t trust government Dislike both plans Don't know; no response
20% 16 9 8 7 4 4 9%
** Asked of one-half the respondents (FORM B).
17.
I am going to mention some people and groups. For each person or group I mention, please tell me how much consideration you would give to their views in deciding between a carbon tax and a cap and trade approach--a great deal of consideration, a fair amount, just some, or very little consideration.
THIS TABLE HAS BEEN RANKED BY THE PERCENTAGE WHO SAY A GREAT DEAL OR A FAIR AMOUNT OF CONSIDERATION
Consideration A Great Deal Scientists ............................................................................. 43
A Fair Amount 28
Just Some 20
Very Little 8
Not Sure 1
[253]
The wind power industry......................................................
28
23
30
16
3
[258]
Environmental leaders .........................................................
26
24
27
22
1
[252]
Leading economists.............................................................
15
32
34
17
2
[251]
Barack Obama.....................................................................
26
20
17
36
1
[254]
Al Gore ................................................................................
22
17
16
43
2
[255]
The coal industry .................................................................
15
19
31
33
2
[256]
The oil industry ....................................................................
11
13
25
50
1
[257]
Elected officials in the Congress..........................................
6
18
29
45
2
[250]
Leaders of major corporations .............................................
9
13
30
46
2
[249]
HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES August 2009
Study #9643--page 11 U.S. Climate Task Force
FACTUALS: Now I am going to ask you a few questions for statistical purposes only. F1.
I'm going to read a statement used to describe different people, and I'd like you to rate how well the statement describes YOU using a zero-to-ten scale, on which a ten means that the statement describes you very well, and a zero means that the statement does not describe you at all. I consider myself to be a strong environmentalist.
F2a/b.
10, describes very well ....................... 9 ......................................................... 8 ......................................................... 7 ......................................................... 6 ......................................................... 5 ......................................................... 4 ......................................................... 3 ......................................................... 2 ......................................................... 1 ......................................................... 0, describes not at all ......................... Cannot rate.......................................
11 5 16 16 11 20 5 6 3 2 4 1
Mean
6.1
A lot of people are unable to get out and vote for many reasons. Did you happen to vote in last November's election for president? (IF “YES,” ASK:) For whom did you vote––Barack Obama, John McCain, or someone else? Yes, Voted Voted for Barack Obama ................ Voted for John McCain ................... Voted for other/not sure/refused ..... No, Did Not Vote ............................. Not sure........................................
F3.
46 40 7 6 1
[261/262]
What is the last grade that you completed in school? Grade school...................................................... Some high school............................................... High school graduate ......................................... Some college, no degree ................................... Vocational training, 2-year college ..................... 4-year college/bachelor's degree ....................... Some postgraduate work, no degree ................. 2-3 years’ postgraduate work/master's degree .. Doctoral/law degree ........................................... Not sure/refused...............................................
F4.
[259-260]
1 3 24 14 11 26 4 13 3 1
[263-264]
Are you currently single and never married, unmarried and living with a partner, married, separated, widowed, or divorced? Single ............................................... Unmarried living with partner............ Married ............................................. Separated......................................... Widowed........................................... Divorced ........................................... Other (VOL) .................................... Not sure/refused .............................
18 4 60 1 7 9 1
[265]
HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES August 2009
F5.
Would you describe the area that you live in as an urban area, a suburban area, a small town, or a rural area? Urban................................................ Suburban.......................................... Small town ........................................ Rural................................................. Not sure..........................................
F6.
Study #9643--page 12 U.S. Climate Task Force
18 37 24 19 2
[266]
Are you currently employed? (IF "CURRENTLY EMPLOYED," ASK:) What type of work do you do? (IF "NOT CURRENTLY EMPLOYED," ASK:) Are you a student, a homemaker, retired, or unemployed and looking for work? Currently Employed Professional/ manager ..................... White-collar worker .......................... Blue-collar worker ............................ Farmer, rancher ............................... Not Currently Employed Student............................................. Homemaker...................................... Retired ............................................. Unemployed, looking for work .......... Other ................................................ Not sure ...........................................
F7.
23 18 14 1
[267]
4 7 25 6 2
Generally speaking, do you think of yourself as a Democrat, a Republican, an independent, or something else? (IF "DEMOCRAT" OR "REPUBLICAN," ASK:) Would you call yourself a strong (Democrat/Republican) or not a very strong (Democrat/Republican)? (IF NOT SURE, CODE AS "NOT VERY STRONG DEMOCRAT/REPUBLICAN.") (IF "INDEPENDENT," ASK:) Do you think of yourself as closer to the Republican Party, closer to the Democratic Party, or do you think of yourself as strictly independent? (IF "NOT SURE," CODE AS "STRICTLY INDEPENDENT.") Strong Democrat .............................. Not very strong Democrat ................ Independent/lean Democrat ............. Strictly independent .......................... Independent/lean Republican........... Not very strong Republican .............. Strong Republican ............................ Other ................................................ Not sure/nothing ............................
22 8 11 20 11 8 13 4 3
[275]
HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES August 2009
F8.
If you added together the yearly income of all the members of your family who were living at home last year, would the total be less than ten thousand dollars, between ten thousand dollars and twenty thousand dollars, between twenty thousand dollars and thirty thousand dollars, between thirty thousand dollars and forty thousand dollars, between forty thousand dollars and fifty thousand dollars, between fifty thousand dollars and seventy-five thousand dollars, between seventy-five thousand dollars and one hundred thousand dollars, between one hundred thousand dollars and one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, or would the total be more than that? Less than $10,000 ............................ Between $10,000 and $20,000......... Between $20,000 and $30,000......... Between $30,000 and $40,000......... Between $40,000 and $50,000......... Between $50,000 and $75,000......... Between $75,000 and $100,000....... Between $100,000 and $150,000..... More than $150,000 ......................... Not sure/refused .............................
F9.
[276-277]
8 7 11 7 9 10 9 9 10 8 5 6 1
[140-141]
To ensure that we have a representative sample, would you please tell me whether you are from a Hispanic or Spanish-speaking background? Yes, Hispanic.................................... No, not Hispanic ............................... Not sure/refused .............................
F11.
2 7 9 9 9 17 15 11 8 13
For statistical purposes only, would you please tell me how old you are? (IF “REFUSED,” ASK:) Well, would you tell me which age group you belong to? 18-24 ................................................ 25-29 ................................................ 30-34 ................................................ 35-39 ................................................ 40-44 ................................................ 45-49 ................................................ 50-54 ................................................ 55-59 ................................................ 60-64 ................................................ 65-69 ................................................ 70-74 ................................................ 75 and over....................................... Refused ..........................................
F10.
Study #9643--page 13 U.S. Climate Task Force
8 92 -
[142]
And again, for statistical purposes only, what is your race--white, black, Asian, or something else? White ................................................ Black................................................. Asian ................................................ Other ................................................ Hispanic (VOL) ............................... Not sure/refused .............................
79 11 1 4 5 -
[143]
Study #9643--page 1 U.S. Climate Task Force
1724 Connecticut Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20009 (202) 234-5570
Interviews: 1,002 voters Dates: August 24-31, 2009
FINAL
48 Male 52 Female [109]
Study #9643 U.S. Climate Task Force Survey August 2009 Please note: all results are shown as percentages unless otherwise stated.
1a.
First, does anyone in this household work for a radio station, a television station, a newspaper, an advertising agency, a market research firm, or as an active political campaign worker? No ..................................................... Yes.................................................... Not sure ..........................................
1b.
CONTINUE TERMINATE
[138]
100 -
CONTINUE TERMINATE
[139]
Are you currently registered to vote at this address? Registered ........................................ Not registered ................................... Not sure ..........................................
2.
100 -
All in all, do you think that things in the nation are generally headed in the right direction, or do you feel that things are off on the wrong track? Headed in the right direction............. Off on the wrong track ...................... Mixed (VOL) ................................... Not sure..........................................
3.
38 48 11 3
[144]
Thinking about the country's energy policy, do you think America's energy policy needs a complete overhaul, major reform, minor reform, or is there no need for change? Complete overhaul ........................... Major reform ..................................... Minor reform ..................................... No need for change .......................... Not sure/refused .............................
19 47 26 4 4
[145]
HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES August 2009
4.
Study #9643--page 2 U.S. Climate Task Force
Now I'm going to mention some goals and priorities related to energy and energy policy in the United States. Please tell me how high a priority each of the following issues should be in thinking about the country's energy policy using a scale from zero to ten, on which a ten means you think it should be an extremely high priority and a zero means it should be a low priority. You may use any number from zero to ten, depending on how you feel. THIS TABLE HAS BEEN RANKED BY THE HIGHEST MEAN SCORE
High Priority Mean
10
Reducing or eliminating our dependence on imported oil...................................................................................... 8.5 48 Keeping the cost of energy reasonable and 8.4 48 avoiding large increases in electric rates................................ Expanding the use of renewable and alternative energy sources ................................................................8.3 46 Reducing carbon emissions that are linked with global warming and climate change ................................6.8 30
5.
Low Priority 8-9
6-7
0-5
Cannot Rate
31
10
11
-
24
15
13
-
28
11
15
-
22
17
31
-
[150151] [146147] [148149] [152153]
Would you favor or oppose an energy proposal designed to significantly reduce carbon emissions that contribute to climate change and increase the use of alternative and renewable energy sources? (IF RESPONDENT MAKES A CHOICE, ASK: ) Would you strongly (favor/oppose) this energy proposal, or do you just somewhat (favor/oppose) this energy proposal? Favor Strongly........................................... Somewhat ....................................... Oppose Somewhat ....................................... Strongly........................................... Not sure/refused ...........................
49 25
[154]
8 12 6
6a.
In thinking about the things Congress should consider in this kind of energy proposal, which one of the following do you think should be Congress's highest priority?
6b.
Again, thinking about the things Congress should consider in this kind of energy proposal, which of the following do you think should be Congress's second highest priority? THIS TABLE HAS BEEN RANKED BY THE HIGHEST PERCENTAGE
Expanding the development and use of renewable and alternative energy sources ......................................................................................... Minimizing new government bureaucracy................................................. Minimizing negative impact on jobs and job creation ................................ Minimizing any new taxes ......................................................................... Promoting new green energy jobs ............................................................ Reducing carbon emissions that are linked with global warming and climate change.......................................................................................... Minimizing the impact on electric rates and other costs to consumers ..... Not sure ..................................................................................................
Q.6a Top Priority
Q.6a/b COMBINED Top/Second Priorities
24 20 14 12 12
41 32 30 28 26
10 7 1
21 19 3
[155/156]
HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES August 2009
Study #9643--page 3 U.S. Climate Task Force
Now I'd like to ask you some questions about two different approaches or proposals to reduce carbon emissions and increase the use of alternative and renewable energy sources and get your reaction. (Q.7a/b AND Q.8a/b ARE ROTATED.) 7a.
(One/Another) proposal for reducing carbon emissions is commonly referred to as a "cap and trade" approach. How much would you say you know about what "cap and trade" is and the pros and cons of a "cap and trade" approach to energy policy––a lot, a fair amount, just some, very little, or have you not heard of this term or proposal before I just mentioned it? A lot............................................................ Fair amount ............................................... Just some .................................................. Very little .................................................... Haven't heard about this term/proposal ..... Not sure ...................................................
7b.
[158]
2 11 31 10 19 27
(One/Another) proposal for reducing carbon emissions is a fee on carbon usage, commonly referred to as a "carbon tax" approach. How much would you say you know about what a "carbon tax" is and the pros and cons of a "carbon tax" approach to energy policy--a lot, a fair amount, just some, very little, or have you not heard of this term or proposal before I just mentioned it? A lot............................................................ Fair amount ............................................... Just some .................................................. Very little .................................................... Haven't heard about this term/proposal ..... Not sure ...................................................
8b.
[157]
Based on what you've heard about a "cap and trade" approach to energy policy, would you say you have a very positive, somewhat positive, neutral, somewhat negative, or very negative view of this policy? Very positive ..................................... Somewhat positive ........................... Neutral.............................................. Somewhat negative .......................... Very negative.................................... Don't know name/not sure ..............
8a.
9 15 14 26 35 1
8 18 16 26 31 1
[159]
Based on what you've heard about a "carbon tax" approach to energy policy, would you say you have a very positive, somewhat positive, neutral, somewhat negative, or very negative view of this policy? Very positive ..................................... Somewhat positive ........................... Neutral.............................................. Somewhat negative .......................... Very negative.................................... Don't know name/not sure ..............
4 14 23 15 21 23
[160]
HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES August 2009
Study #9643--page 4 U.S. Climate Task Force
(Q.9 AND Q.10 ARE ROTATED.) 9.
Now I'd like to describe in a little more detail the approach frequently referred to as a "cap and trade" plan and get your reaction. This plan sets an overall limit or "cap" on the amount of carbon dioxide emissions that U.S. companies could produce with higher limits phased in over time. For example, one specific cap and trade proposal would reduce carbon emissions seventeen percent by the year 2020 and eighty percent by the year 2050. The federal government would auction or issue permits that allow companies to emit carbon dioxide up to the amount set by the cap. Companies that produce or emit less than their allowance could sell or trade their unused emissions permits to companies that go over their allowance. The idea would be to create a market-based system that allows companies to decide how best to deal with the cap set on their carbon emissions. Would you favor or oppose this "cap and trade" plan to reduce carbon emissions? (IF RESPONDENT MAKES A CHOICE, ASK: ) Do you strongly (favor/oppose) this plan, or do you just somewhat (favor/oppose) this plan? Favor Strongly........................................... Somewhat ....................................... Oppose Somewhat ....................................... Strongly........................................... Not sure/refused ...........................
10.
14 32
[161]
16 30 8
Now I'd like to describe in a little more detail the approach frequently referred to as a "carbon tax" plan and get your reaction. This plan would put a tax on carbon emissions so that the cost of carbon pollution is reflected in the price of energy. While there would not be a specific cap or limit on carbon emissions, the tax would be set at a level so that it acts as an incentive for companies to reduce their carbon emissions, improve the efficiency of fossil fuel use, and also develop new technologies and alternative energies. A carbon tax approach also would create incentives for consumers to use energy more efficiently. Individuals and households would receive tax refunds to offset the impact of the carbon tax. Would you favor or oppose this "carbon tax" plan to reduce carbon emissions? (IF RESPONDENT MAKES A CHOICE, ASK: ) Do you strongly (favor/oppose) this plan, or do you just somewhat (favor/oppose) this plan? Favor Strongly........................................... Somewhat ....................................... Oppose Somewhat ....................................... Strongly........................................... Not sure/refused ...........................
26 31 14 23 6
[162]
HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES August 2009
Study #9643--page 5 U.S. Climate Task Force
11a/b/c. Based on what you know and the descriptions I just read, which approach would you prefer to reducing carbon emissions: (Statement A:) A "cap and trade" approach that would set an overall limit on carbon emissions produced by companies and businesses and allow companies to buy and sell permits or credits for the carbon emissions they produce, OR (Statement B:) A "carbon tax" approach that taxes carbon emissions to create an incentive for companies to reduce their carbon emissions and consumers to increase their energy efficiency while also providing a revenue stream for tax refunds to individuals and households to offset the overall impact of the tax. (ASK ONLY OF RESPONDENTS WHO MAKE A CHOICE IN Q.11a/b.) Do you strongly favor the (CAP AND TRADE APPROACH/CARBON TAX APPROACH) or do you just somewhat favor the (CAP AND TRADE APPROACH/CARBON TAX APPROACH) Cap And Trade Approach Strongly.......................................... Not strongly....................................
27 7 20
Carbon Tax Approach Strongly.......................................... Not strongly....................................
58 22 36
Neither/no difference (VOL) ............ Not sure/refused..............................
13 2
[165/167]
(ASK ONLY OF RESPONDENTS WHO SAY "CARBON TAX APPROACH" IN Q.11a/b.) 11d. Why do you favor a carbon tax approach to reducing carbon emissions? (PROBE:) What are the main advantages of a carbon tax approach? (PROBE:) In what ways do you think a carbon tax approach is better than a cap and trade approach? [168-174] * Better for environment, fewer emissions, use less energy, healthier Tax credit/refund/rebate Incentive for consumers to conserve energy/change their habits Incentive for companies to reduce carbon emissions/conserve energy Better than cap and trade, criticisms of cap and trade Based on usage, pay for what you use, can’t buy or sell permits Good idea, sounds good, more likely to work Don't know; no response
16% 16 12 11 10 9 7 6%
* Asked of one-half the respondents (FORM A).
(ASK ONLY OF RESPONDENTS WHO SAY "CAP AND TRADE APPROACH" IN Q.11a/b.) 11e. Why do you favor a cap and trade approach to reducing carbon emissions? (PROBE:) What are the advantages of a cap and trade approach? (PROBE:)
In what ways do you think a cap and trade approach is better than a carbon tax approach?[208-214] *
Sounds good, good idea, good approach, better than carbon tax Against taxes, don’t want anymore taxes, fewer taxes with cap and trade Make businesses responsible, won’t do it themselves Better for businesses, allows them to adapt more easily, more flexible Better for the environment, fewer emissions, sets limits More market-based, want a more market based approach All other advantages of a cap and trade approach Don't know; no response * Asked of one-half the respondents (FORM A).
18% 17 17 9 9 5 13 4%
HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES August 2009
Study #9643--page 6 U.S. Climate Task Force
(Q.12 AND Q.13 ARE ROTATED.) 12.
Now I am going to read you some reasons people have given for why a cap and trade approach is better than a carbon tax approach to energy policy and reducing carbon emissions. For each one, please tell me whether you personally feel it is a very convincing, fairly convincing, just somewhat convincing reason, or not a convincing reason for supporting a cap and trade approach over a carbon tax approach. THIS TABLE HAS BEEN RANKED BY THE PERCENTAGE WHO SAY VERY CONVINCING
Very With the American economy in recession and American households facing near double-digit unemployment, this is the wrong time to pass a new, across-the-board carbon tax on businesses and consumers .............................................................. A cap and trade model was used successfully in the United States in the 1990s to limit sulfur dioxide emissions, which achieved a dramatic reduction in acid rain levels................................................ A carbon tax approach requires every company in every region of the country to pay the exact same tax with no flexibility to adapt the policy given the impact it might have on local and regional companies. But a cap and trade approach provides flexibility in granting permits to companies to deal with the limits or caps on their carbon emissions. So, for example, a carbon tax policy could be very harmful to our use of coal, because the impact of the tax would drive the cost of coal way up, whereas a cap and trade system could grant additional emission permits to coal companies in regions where coal is a significant energy source......................... A carbon tax approach triggers an immediate cost increase to American businesses and households and these increased costs would have to be paid before any rebates or refunds could be provided to individuals........................................................ A cap and trade approach sets a clear limit on carbon emissions and establishes specific benchmarks and timetables to achieve reductions in overall carbon emissions. But under a carbon tax approach, there's no guarantee that all or even most companies will reduce their carbon emissions rather than pay the tax, so the actual environmental impact of a carbon tax is much less certain .............. There is bipartisan support for a cap and trade approach and many political experts say it is more likely to pass than a carbon tax, given Congress's reluctance to approve new taxes. In fact, both President Obama and key Congressional Democratic leaders as well as Senator John McCain and key Congressional Republican leaders have expressed support for cap and trade policy. It's better to pursue a cap and trade approach than to risk failure with a carbon tax approach and wind up with no policy to reduce carbon emissions..........................................................................................
Convincing Just SomeFairly what
Not At All
Not Sure
40
15
20
23
2
[219]
22
20
33
22
3
[217]
21
23
24
30
2
[216]
21
15
27
34
3
[218]
18
22
29
29
2
[215]
18
18
25
37
2
[220]
HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES August 2009
13.
Study #9643--page 7 U.S. Climate Task Force
Now I am going to read you some reasons people have given for why a carbon tax approach is better than a cap and trade approach to energy policy and reducing carbon emissions. For each one, please tell me whether you personally feel it is a very convincing, fairly convincing, just somewhat convincing, or not a convincing reason for supporting a carbon tax approach over a cap and trade approach. THIS TABLE HAS BEEN RANKED BY THE PERCENTAGE WHO SAY VERY CONVINCING
Very A carbon tax would create a simple market-based incentive for businesses to limit their carbon emissions and invest in alternative and energy-efficient technologies based upon the best energy sources available in their region of operation. But a cap and trade approach does not create a direct incentive for businesses or consumers to change their behavior--in fact, big polluters that can afford to can essentially buy their way out of the cap and trade system by purchasing additional credits or allowances without making any effort to minimize their carbon emissions............................................................. A carbon tax approach is simple, transparent, and can be implemented quickly, with relatively little bureaucracy and administrative costs. But a cap and trade approach is complex, would require a vast new government bureaucracy, and would be vulnerable to manipulation by special interests because it allows politicians to carve out allowances to favored companies and industries in the form of free carbon emission credits ................................... Because the cap and trade approach of setting new energy standards would take a long time for businesses and individuals to react to, it is not an effective way to address the urgent problem of carbon emissions and climate change. The European Union––-the EU––has been operating under a cap and trade system since 2005 and so far it has not resulted in lower carbon emissions ....... By creating a commodities market for carbon emissions, a cap and trade policy would allow Wall Street banks to control the trading and pricing of these complex derivatives, which could lead to the same mismanagement and price instability that contributed to the meltdown in the financial and credit markets. By contrast, a carbon tax approach establishes a steady, preset, transparent tax on carbon emissions, which promotes stable and predictable prices that are better for American businesses and consumers ............................................ A recent analysis of a proposed carbon tax policy based on a likely tax schedule on carbon emissions found that it would have no impact on America's gross domestic product or GDP over a twenty-year period and would have a very modest to negligible effect on employment and inflation. By comparison, a recent analysis of proposed cap and trade policy found that it would reduce GDP by three hundred fifty billion dollars over twenty years, cut two point five million jobs, and reduce annual earnings for U.S. workers....... A carbon tax approach creates a steady revenue stream that provides built-in funding for two critically important things--first a portion of the revenue would be used to supply rebates or tax credits to businesses and individual households that would either fully offset or significantly minimize the cost of the carbon tax. Second, a portion of the revenue stream from a carbon tax would be dedicated to investment in alternative and renewable energy sources ................................................................................................................ Both the carbon tax and the cap and trade system would raise energy costs. But a carbon tax can be rebated back to consumers efficiently, without minimizing the benefits to the environment or the promotion of renewable energy, while the cap and trade approach sacrifices the environmental benefits in order to reduce the economic impact of the policy .............................
Convincing Just SomeFairly what
Not At All
Not Sure
35
21
21
21
2
[223]
34
19
21
24
2
[221]
31
21
24
22
2
[224]
30
19
25
24
2
[222]
25
18
25
29
3
[227]
24
22
28
24
2
[225]
22
20
28
27
3
[226]
HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES August 2009
Study #9643--page 8 U.S. Climate Task Force
(Q.14 AND Q.15 ARE ROTATED.) 14.
Let me read you arguments that supporters of each of the two policy approaches make about why their approach would be best for the U.S. economy. Please listen to each argument and tell me which one you agree with more. (Statement A:) Supporters of a cap and trade approach say that it is better for the American economy because it is flexible--it allows companies to decide for themselves how to deal with limits on their carbon emissions and it can be adapted to take into account the impact of the emissions cap on certain industries and regions. Especially in the middle of a prolonged recession, a carbon tax approach of imposing a new, preset tax on business is a bad idea. OR (Statement B:) Supporters of a carbon tax approach say that it is better for the American economy because, unlike a cap and trade approach that will create rapid changes and uncertainty in energy prices, a carbon tax establishes a steady, preset, transparent tax on carbon emissions, which promotes stable and predictable prices that are better for American businesses and consumers. (IF RESPONDENT MAKES A CHOICE, ASK: ) Do you strongly agree with this argument or just somewhat agree with this argument?
15.
A/Cap And Trade Approach Agree strongly ................................ Agree somewhat.............................
31 10 21
B/Carbon Tax Approach Agree strongly ................................ Agree somewhat.............................
53 22 31
Neither/no difference (VOL).......... Not sure/refused ...........................
13 3
[228]
Let me read you arguments that supporters of each of the two policy approaches make about why their approach would be the best for reducing carbon emissions and protecting the environment. Please listen to each argument and tell me which one you agree with more. (Statement A:) Supporters of a cap and trade approach say that it will have the most positive environmental impact because it sets a specific limit on overall carbon emissions while establishing specific benchmarks and timetables that can be adapted to scientific evidence, while a carbon tax does not actually force or guarantee that companies will reduce their carbon emissions. OR (Statement B:) Supporters of a carbon tax approach say that it will have the most positive environmental impact because it is simple, straightforward and easy to administer without the loopholes that will make a cap and trade approach ineffective. (IF RESPONDENT MAKES A CHOICE, ASK: ) Do you strongly agree with this argument or just somewhat agree with this argument? A/Cap And Trade Approach Agree strongly ................................ Agree somewhat.............................
34 13 21
B/Carbon Tax Approach Agree strongly ................................ Agree somewhat.............................
52 23 29
Neither/no difference (VOL).......... Not sure/refused ...........................
11 3
[229]
HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES August 2009
Study #9643--page 9 U.S. Climate Task Force
16abc. Based on the information you've heard, which approach would you prefer to reduce carbon emissions: (Statement A:) A "cap and trade" approach that would set an overall limit on carbon emissions produced by companies and businesses and allow companies to buy and sell permits or credits for the carbon emissions they produce, OR (Statement B:) A "carbon tax" approach that taxes carbon emissions to create an incentive for companies to reduce their carbon emissions and consumers to increase their energy efficiency while also providing a revenue stream for tax refunds to individuals and households to offset the overall impact of the tax. (ASK ONLY OF RESPONDENTS WHO MAKE A CHOICE IN Q.16a/b.) Do you strongly favor the (CAP AND TRADE APPROACH/ CARBON TAX APPROACH) or do you just somewhat favor the (CAP AND TRADE APPROACH/ CARBON TAX APPROACH) Cap And Trade Approach Strongly.......................................... Not strongly....................................
29 10 19
Carbon Tax Approach Strongly.......................................... Not strongly....................................
59 28 31
Neither/no difference (VOL) ............ Not sure/refused..............................
11 1
[232/234]
(ASK ONLY OF RESPONDENTS WHO SAY "CARBON TAX APPROACH" IN Q.16a/b.) 16d. Why do you favor a "carbon tax "approach to reducing carbon emissions? (PROBE:) What are the main advantages of a "carbon tax" approach? (PROBE:) In what ways do you think a carbon tax approach is better than a cap and trade approach? [235241] ** More transparent, fewer loopholes, straight forward, easy to track Better for the environment, fewer emissions, use less energy Good idea, sounds good, more effective, more likely to work Criticisms of cap and trade, not effective, won’t work Tax credit/refund/rebate Better for the consumer, better for the people Stimulates people to decrease energy use, gets people involved Don't know; no response ** Asked of one-half the respondents (FORM B).
19% 11 11 9 8 8 7 7%
HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES August 2009
Study #9643--page 10 U.S. Climate Task Force
(ASK ONLY OF RESPONDENTS WHO SAY "CAP AND TRADE APPROACH" IN Q.16a/b.) 16e. Why do you favor a "cap and trade" approach to reducing carbon emissions? (PROBE :) What are the advantages of a "cap and trade" approach? (PROBE :) In what ways do you think a cap and trade approach is better than a carbon tax approach? [242248] ** Not a tax, against more taxes Good idea, favor this incentive, sounds better Better for the environment, fewer emissions Like that the plan has guidelines/timeframe/limits Makes businesses responsible, won’t do it on their own, forces them Less government involvement, don’t trust government Dislike both plans Don't know; no response
20% 16 9 8 7 4 4 9%
** Asked of one-half the respondents (FORM B).
17.
I am going to mention some people and groups. For each person or group I mention, please tell me how much consideration you would give to their views in deciding between a carbon tax and a cap and trade approach--a great deal of consideration, a fair amount, just some, or very little consideration.
THIS TABLE HAS BEEN RANKED BY THE PERCENTAGE WHO SAY A GREAT DEAL OR A FAIR AMOUNT OF CONSIDERATION
Consideration A Great Deal Scientists ............................................................................. 43
A Fair Amount 28
Just Some 20
Very Little 8
Not Sure 1
[253]
The wind power industry......................................................
28
23
30
16
3
[258]
Environmental leaders .........................................................
26
24
27
22
1
[252]
Leading economists.............................................................
15
32
34
17
2
[251]
Barack Obama.....................................................................
26
20
17
36
1
[254]
Al Gore ................................................................................
22
17
16
43
2
[255]
The coal industry .................................................................
15
19
31
33
2
[256]
The oil industry ....................................................................
11
13
25
50
1
[257]
Elected officials in the Congress..........................................
6
18
29
45
2
[250]
Leaders of major corporations .............................................
9
13
30
46
2
[249]
HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES August 2009
Study #9643--page 11 U.S. Climate Task Force
FACTUALS: Now I am going to ask you a few questions for statistical purposes only. F1.
I'm going to read a statement used to describe different people, and I'd like you to rate how well the statement describes YOU using a zero-to-ten scale, on which a ten means that the statement describes you very well, and a zero means that the statement does not describe you at all. I consider myself to be a strong environmentalist.
F2a/b.
10, describes very well ....................... 9 ......................................................... 8 ......................................................... 7 ......................................................... 6 ......................................................... 5 ......................................................... 4 ......................................................... 3 ......................................................... 2 ......................................................... 1 ......................................................... 0, describes not at all ......................... Cannot rate.......................................
11 5 16 16 11 20 5 6 3 2 4 1
Mean
6.1
A lot of people are unable to get out and vote for many reasons. Did you happen to vote in last November's election for president? (IF “YES,” ASK:) For whom did you vote––Barack Obama, John McCain, or someone else? Yes, Voted Voted for Barack Obama ................ Voted for John McCain ................... Voted for other/not sure/refused ..... No, Did Not Vote ............................. Not sure........................................
F3.
46 40 7 6 1
[261/262]
What is the last grade that you completed in school? Grade school...................................................... Some high school............................................... High school graduate ......................................... Some college, no degree ................................... Vocational training, 2-year college ..................... 4-year college/bachelor's degree ....................... Some postgraduate work, no degree ................. 2-3 years’ postgraduate work/master's degree .. Doctoral/law degree ........................................... Not sure/refused...............................................
F4.
[259-260]
1 3 24 14 11 26 4 13 3 1
[263-264]
Are you currently single and never married, unmarried and living with a partner, married, separated, widowed, or divorced? Single ............................................... Unmarried living with partner............ Married ............................................. Separated......................................... Widowed........................................... Divorced ........................................... Other (VOL) .................................... Not sure/refused .............................
18 4 60 1 7 9 1
[265]
HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES August 2009
F5.
Would you describe the area that you live in as an urban area, a suburban area, a small town, or a rural area? Urban................................................ Suburban.......................................... Small town ........................................ Rural................................................. Not sure..........................................
F6.
Study #9643--page 12 U.S. Climate Task Force
18 37 24 19 2
[266]
Are you currently employed? (IF "CURRENTLY EMPLOYED," ASK:) What type of work do you do? (IF "NOT CURRENTLY EMPLOYED," ASK:) Are you a student, a homemaker, retired, or unemployed and looking for work? Currently Employed Professional/ manager ..................... White-collar worker .......................... Blue-collar worker ............................ Farmer, rancher ............................... Not Currently Employed Student............................................. Homemaker...................................... Retired ............................................. Unemployed, looking for work .......... Other ................................................ Not sure ...........................................
F7.
23 18 14 1
[267]
4 7 25 6 2
Generally speaking, do you think of yourself as a Democrat, a Republican, an independent, or something else? (IF "DEMOCRAT" OR "REPUBLICAN," ASK:) Would you call yourself a strong (Democrat/Republican) or not a very strong (Democrat/Republican)? (IF NOT SURE, CODE AS "NOT VERY STRONG DEMOCRAT/REPUBLICAN.") (IF "INDEPENDENT," ASK:) Do you think of yourself as closer to the Republican Party, closer to the Democratic Party, or do you think of yourself as strictly independent? (IF "NOT SURE," CODE AS "STRICTLY INDEPENDENT.") Strong Democrat .............................. Not very strong Democrat ................ Independent/lean Democrat ............. Strictly independent .......................... Independent/lean Republican........... Not very strong Republican .............. Strong Republican ............................ Other ................................................ Not sure/nothing ............................
22 8 11 20 11 8 13 4 3
[275]
HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES August 2009
F8.
If you added together the yearly income of all the members of your family who were living at home last year, would the total be less than ten thousand dollars, between ten thousand dollars and twenty thousand dollars, between twenty thousand dollars and thirty thousand dollars, between thirty thousand dollars and forty thousand dollars, between forty thousand dollars and fifty thousand dollars, between fifty thousand dollars and seventy-five thousand dollars, between seventy-five thousand dollars and one hundred thousand dollars, between one hundred thousand dollars and one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, or would the total be more than that? Less than $10,000 ............................ Between $10,000 and $20,000......... Between $20,000 and $30,000......... Between $30,000 and $40,000......... Between $40,000 and $50,000......... Between $50,000 and $75,000......... Between $75,000 and $100,000....... Between $100,000 and $150,000..... More than $150,000 ......................... Not sure/refused .............................
F9.
[276-277]
8 7 11 7 9 10 9 9 10 8 5 6 1
[140-141]
To ensure that we have a representative sample, would you please tell me whether you are from a Hispanic or Spanish-speaking background? Yes, Hispanic.................................... No, not Hispanic ............................... Not sure/refused .............................
F11.
2 7 9 9 9 17 15 11 8 13
For statistical purposes only, would you please tell me how old you are? (IF “REFUSED,” ASK:) Well, would you tell me which age group you belong to? 18-24 ................................................ 25-29 ................................................ 30-34 ................................................ 35-39 ................................................ 40-44 ................................................ 45-49 ................................................ 50-54 ................................................ 55-59 ................................................ 60-64 ................................................ 65-69 ................................................ 70-74 ................................................ 75 and over....................................... Refused ..........................................
F10.
Study #9643--page 13 U.S. Climate Task Force
8 92 -
[142]
And again, for statistical purposes only, what is your race--white, black, Asian, or something else? White ................................................ Black................................................. Asian ................................................ Other ................................................ Hispanic (VOL) ............................... Not sure/refused .............................
79 11 1 4 5 -
[143]
