Surface

®

Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire™ 2.0

Pro/SURFACE™ Help Topic Collection Parametric Technology Corporation

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Table Of Contents Pro/SURFACE ................................................................................................. 1 Using Pro/SURFACE...................................................................................... 1 Managing Quilts ........................................................................................ 1 About Quilts .......................................................................................... 1 To Blank a Quilt ..................................................................................... 1 To Assign a Color to a Quilt...................................................................... 1 To Shade a Quilt .................................................................................... 2 To Mesh Quilts and Surfaces .................................................................... 2 Creating a Surface Feature ......................................................................... 2 About Creating a Surface......................................................................... 2 Creating a Feature with an Open or Closed Volume ..................................... 3 To Create a Joined or Unattached Quilt...................................................... 4 Creating Advanced Surface Features .............................................................. 4 About Advanced Surface Features ............................................................... 4 Creating a Blended Surface ........................................................................ 4 About Creating a Blended Surface from a File............................................. 4 To Create a Blended Surface from a File .................................................... 5 To Update a Blended Surface from a File ................................................... 5 Creating Other Surfaces from Boundaries ..................................................... 6 To Create a Conic Surface ....................................................................... 6 Defining a Conic Surface ......................................................................... 6 Example: Conic Surface .......................................................................... 7 To Create a Surface from More Than Four Boundaries ................................. 8 Tip: Creating an N-Sided Surface.............................................................. 9 About Blend Tangent to Surfaces.............................................................. 9 To Create a Quilt Tangent to a Surface .....................................................10 Reference Curve Requirements for Curve-Driven Tangent Drafts..................11 Example: Creating a Curve-Driven Tangent Draft ......................................12 Example: Specifying Cap Angle and Closing Surfaces .................................13

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Table Of Contents

To Create a Constant-Angle Tangent Draft Outside a Draft Surface ..............15 Example: Creating a Constant-Angle Tangent Draft Outside a Draft Surface ..16 To Create a Constant-Angle Tangent Draft Inside a Draft Surface ................18 Example: Creating a Constant-Angle Tangent Draft Inside a Draft Surface ....19 Tip: Creating a Solid Draft from a Non-Solid Draft .....................................20 To Create a Surface-to-Surface Blend ......................................................20 To Create a Section-to-Surface Blend.......................................................21 Creating a Ribbon Surface............................................................................21 About a Ribbon Surface.............................................................................21 To Create a Ribbon Surface .......................................................................22 Example: Using a Ribbon Surface ...............................................................22 Trimming Quilts ..........................................................................................23 About Trimming Quilts ..............................................................................23 To Trim a Quilt Using a Basic Form .............................................................23 Trimming a Quilt Using Curves...................................................................24 Example: Trimming a Quilt Using Curves.....................................................24 To Trim a Quilt Using Vertex Round ............................................................24 Example: Trimming with Vertex Round .......................................................25 Flattening and Bending Features ...................................................................25 To Create a Flattened Quilt........................................................................25 Using Flatten Quilt....................................................................................26 Example: Flattening a Quilt .......................................................................27 To Create a Solid Bend .............................................................................29 Using Solid Bend ......................................................................................29 Creating Solid Geometry Using Quilts ............................................................30 About Creating Solid Geometry Using Quilts ................................................30 To Replace a Solid Surface with a Quilt .......................................................30 Freeform Surfaces.......................................................................................31 About Creating Freeform Surfaces ..............................................................31 Example: Sample Freeform Surface ............................................................31 To Select an Entire Surface for the Freeform Surface ....................................31 ii

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To Sketch a Boundary Region ....................................................................32 To Create a Freeform Quilt ........................................................................32 Copying a Trimmed Portion of the Quilt..........................................................33 To Copy a Trimmed Portion of the Quilt.......................................................33 Index ...........................................................................................................35

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Pro/SURFACE Using Pro/SURFACE Managing Quilts About Quilts In Pro/ENGINEER, when you create or manipulate nonsolid surfaces, you are working with quilts. A quilt represents a "patchwork" of connected nonsolid surfaces. A quilt may consist of a single surface or a collection of surfaces. A quilt contains information describing the geometry of all the surfaces that compose a quilt and information on how quilt surfaces are "stitched" (joined or intersected). A part can contain several quilts. You can create or manipulate quilts using a surface feature. Accessing the Surface Functionality You can access most surface commands through the Insert and Edit menus. Naming a Quilt You can assign a name to an entire quilt or an individual surface using Edit > Setup > Name > Other.

To Blank a Quilt To turn off the display of individual quilts, place them on a layer and then blank the layer. You can also right-click and click Hide from the shortcut menu to temporarily blank a quilt. Note: You can blank individual quilts in a merge feature. If the first quilt in the merge is blanked, the whole merge is blanked. If only the second quilt is blanked, the merge will not be blanked.

To Assign a Color to a Quilt You can assign a color from the existing user-defined colors to a specified side of a quilt or surface. 1. Click View > Color and Appearance. The Appearance Editor dialog box opens. 2. Assign the color. 3. Select Surfaces as the object type. Each side can be colored differently, and it is only visible when shaded edges do not change color with this method.

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To Shade a Quilt 1. To shade an entire model, click View > Shade. 2. To set the shading by default, click View > Display Settings > Model Display. The Model Display dialog box opens. 3. Click the General tab and select Shading for the display style. 4. Click OK. Note: •

You can also set the shading by default by setting the shade_surface_feat configuration option.

•

To override the environmental or cosmetic shading selection, click the Shade tab from the Model Display dialog box. Under Shade, click or clear the Surface features check box and click OK.

To Mesh Quilts and Surfaces 1. Click View > Model Setup > Mesh Surface. The Mesh dialog box opens. 2. Select the object type, Surface or Quilt. 3. Select the surface or quilt for creating a mesh. 4. For a surface, specify the mesh spacing in the first and the second direction. For a quilt, specify the change density. 5. Click Close. Note: To remove the mesh, redraw the current view (repaint).

Creating a Surface Feature About Creating a Surface You can create surface features by using any of the following options on the Insert menu: •

Extrude—Creates a quilt by extruding the sketched section at a specified depth in the direction normal to the sketching plane. When you use Up To Surface as a depth option, the new surface can be extruded to planar surfaces, a quilt, or a datum plane that is parallel to the sketching plane.

•

Revolve—Creates a quilt by rotating the sketched section at a specified angle around the first centerline sketched in the section. You can also specify the rotation angle.

•

Sweep—Creates a quilt by sweeping a sketched section along a specified trajectory. You can sketch the trajectory, or use an existing datum curve.

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Pro/SURFACE •

Blend—Creates a smooth quilt connecting several sketched sections. Parallel blends can only be Blind. You can also create Rotational or General blends, or blends From File.

•

Boundary Blend—Creates a quilt by selecting boundaries in one or two directions.

•

Variable Section Sweep—Creates a quilt using the variable section sweep geometry

•

Swept Blend—Creates a quilt using swept blend geometry.

•

Helical Sweep—Creates a quilt using helical sweep geometry.

•

Advanced—Opens the Advanced menu, allowing you to create surfaces using complex feature definitions.

You can also create surface feature by using any of the following options on the Edit menu: •

Copy—Creates a quilt by copying existing quilts or surfaces. Specify a selection method, and select the surfaces to copy. Pro/ENGINEER creates the surface feature directly on top of the selected surfaces.

•

Fill—Creates a planar quilt by sketching its boundaries.

•

Mirror—Creates a mirrored copy of existing quilts or surfaces about the specified plane.

•

Extend—Creates a quilt or surface by extending the existing quilts or surfaces. Specify a chain of boundary edges of the existing surface to extend. You can also specify the extend type, length, and direction of the extended surface or quilt.

•

Offset—Creates a quilt offset from a quilt or surface.

Note: For more information about the creation of surfaces, refer to the Part Modeling module of Pro/ENGINEER Help.

Creating a Feature with an Open or Closed Volume When creating a surface feature with Extrude, Revolve, Sweep, or Blend, you can create a quilt that encloses a closed volume by capping the ends of the feature, or you can leave the ends open. •

To create a surface feature without closing the ends, click Options from the dashboard and clear the Capped Ends check box. Else, click Capped Ends from the ATTRIBUTES menu. For example, an extruded circular section creates an open-ended tube with the open ends displayed with yellow edges.

•

To create a surface feature with a closed volume, click Options from the dashboard and click the Capped Ends check box. Else, click Capped Ends from the ATTRIBUTES menu. For example, an extruded circular section would result in a closed cylinder so all edges of the quilt are two-sided, shown in magenta. Note that the section must be closed for this option.

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To Create a Joined or Unattached Quilt A simple sweep created along the outer edges of another quilt or along datum curves created on these edges can be joined with the reference quilt. A swept blend can be joined along the origin trajectory. Once you have selected a valid reference edge or a datum curve, the SRFS JOIN menu appears with the following options: •

Join—Joins the surface feature with the existing quilt.

•

No Join—Creates a surface feature that is not attached to the existing quilt.

You can redefine the Join/No Join attribute when you redefine the feature’s trajectory using Modify.

Creating Advanced Surface Features About Advanced Surface Features Use Insert > Advanced to create the following advanced surface features: •

Conic Surface and N-sided Patch—Creates a conic quilt and creates a quilt from more than four boundaries.

•

Blend Section To Surfaces—Creates a quilt as a blend from a section to tangent surfaces.

•

Blend Between Surfaces—Creates a quilt as a blend from a surface to tangent surfaces.

•

Blend From File—Creates a blended surface from a file.

•

Blend Tangent to Surfaces—Creates a surface as a blend from an edge or a curve to tangent surfaces.

•

Surface Free Form—Creates a surface by dynamic manipulation.

•

Vertex Round—Trims a surface by filleting a flat surface.

•

Flatten Quilt—Creates a flattened quilt.

Creating a Blended Surface About Creating a Blended Surface from a File You can create a blended surface by importing curves from a file in the IBL (.ibl) format. You can also redefine the surface by redefining the curve definitions in the .ibl file. Using Associative Topology Bus (ATB), you can relink the changed .ibl file to the surface feature created. This allows ease of design modification without having to create another surface and re-route the old surface references to the new surface. The dependent geometry can easily refer to the changed surface.

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Pro/SURFACE

As the data for the surface feature is stored in the part as well as in the file, even if the file is deleted from the disk, you can still modify the feature. ATB does not support blending a surface from a file for features created prior to the J-03 release of Pro/ENGINEER. You can: •

Unlink the feature from the .ibl file to remove the associativity between the feature and the data file.

•

Link another file to the feature.

Note: To be able to update the surface when the .ibl file changes, you must set the environmental variable topobus_enable to "yes" in your config.pro file before you start the Pro/ENGINEER session. If the environment variable is set during the Pro/ENGINEER session, it does not work.

To Create a Blended Surface from a File 1. Click Insert > Advanced > Blend From File > Surface. The SURFACE: Blend from File dialog box opens, listing the following elements from the surface feature: o

Coord System—Defines the coordinate system for the surface feature to be created.

o

File Name—Specifies the file name from which to create the surface. By default, Pro/ENGINEER searches for this file in the current working directory. When using Pro/INTRALINK, link the .ibl file with respect to the parent part and then export the file from the workspace to the Pro/INTRALINK startup directory. You cannot read the .ibl file from the workspace.

o

MaterialSide—Specifies the side for adding the material. To change the direction, click Flip and then click OK.

2. Click OK to create the defined surface.

To Update a Blended Surface from a File 1. To redefine and update a blended surface from a file, open the .ibl file and edit it. 2. To update the feature geometry with the changed data file, click File > Associative Topology Bus. The following options are available : o

Check Status—Checks the selected feature for outdated imported geometry.

o

Update—Updates outdated geometry for the selected feature.

o

Change Link—Changes the file associated to the selected feature.

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Surface - Help Topic Collection o

Make Independent—Removes the associativity between the .ibl file and the selected feature created from file.

o

Auto Check Status on Activate—Automatically verifies outdated features while activating a part.

o

Auto Check Status on Retrieve—Automatically verifies outdated features while retrieving a part. This option is selected by default.

o

Auto Check Status on Update—Automatically verifies outdated features while updating a part.

o

Show Log—Shows a log of updates to geometry.

Creating Other Surfaces from Boundaries To Create a Conic Surface 1. Click Insert > Advanced > Conic Surface and N-sided Patch. 2. Click Conic Surf, Shouldr Crv or Tangent Crv, and Done from the BNDRS OPTS menu. A dialog box opens and lists the following elements of the surface feature: o

Curves—Specifies geometrical references for this feature.

o

Conic Param—Specifies the conic parameter.

3. The Boundaries option in the CRV_OPTS menu is active. Define opposite boundaries of the conic surface by selecting two curves or edges. 4. After bounding curves are defined, click Shoulder Crv or Tangent Crv from the OPTIONS menu and select the conic curve in the same way as you selected bounding curves. 5. Click Done on the OPTIONS menu. 6. Enter the conic parameter value; it must be from 0.05 to 0.95. Sections of the surface are one of the following types, according to their conic parameter value: 0.05 < parameter < 0.5 - ellipse parameter = 0.5 - parabola 0.5 < parameter < 0.95 - hyperbola 7. Conclude feature creation by clicking OK in the dialog box.

Defining a Conic Surface There are two types of conic surfaces listed in the OPTIONS menu: •

6

Shouldr Crv—The surface passes through the control curve. The control curve defines the location of conic shoulders for each cross section of the surface.

Pro/SURFACE •

Tangent Crv—The surface does not pass through the control curve. The control curve defines the line that passes through the intersections of the conic sections’ asymptotes.

Rules for selecting curves or edges: •

Only single-segment composite curves can be selected as boundary or control curves.

•

When selecting curves or edges with the Chain option, the chain cannot have more than one edge/curve component.

Example: Conic Surface This figure shows a conic surface created ShouldrCrv.

1 Boundaries 2 Control curve The next figure shows a conic surface created with the Tangent Crv option.

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Surface - Help Topic Collection

1 Boundaries 2 Intersection of asymptotes 3 Control curve

To Create a Surface from More Than Four Boundaries 1. Click Insert > Advanced > Conic Surface and N-sided Patch. The BNDRS OPTS menu appears. 2. Click N-Sided Surf > Done. The system opens a dialog box and lists elements of the surface feature. They are: o

Curves—Specifies geometrical references for this feature.

o

Bndry Conds—(Optional) Defines Boundary Conditions.

3. Select at least five boundaries in the consecutive order for the N-sided surface. Using the One By One option in the CHAIN menu, select at least five curves or edges forming a loop. When finished, click Done from the CHAIN menu. Note: The boundaries of the N-sided surface cannot include tangent edges/curves. 4. To define Boundary Conditions, click Bndry Cond and Define in the dialog box. The BOUNDARY menu lists all surface boundaries. As you move the cursor over the boundary name, the corresponding boundary highlights in cyan. 5. Click the boundary for which you want to define Boundary Conditions. For the selected boundary, the system opens a dialog box with the Bndry Cond element selected for definition. 6. Specify the boundary condition by choosing one of the following options in the BNDRY COND menu, followed by Done:

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Pro/SURFACE o

Free—No tangency conditions are set along the boundary.

o

Tangent—The blended surface is tangent to the reference surface along the boundary.

o

Normal—The blended surface is normal to the reference surface or datum plane.

7. For conditions other than Free, accept the defaults or select reference surfaces. 8. To complete the feature creation, click OK in the dialog box.

Tip: Creating an N-Sided Surface The shape of the N-sided patch depends on the geometry of the boundaries to be patched together. For some boundaries, the N-sided patch may produce geometry with undesirable shape and characteristics. For example, bad geometry may occur if •

The boundaries have inflections

•

The angles between the boundary segments are very large (more than 160 degrees) or very small (less than 20 degrees)

•

The boundaries consist of very long and very short segments

If the N-sided patch does not create a satisfactory geometry, you can either create a series of N-sided patches on a smaller number of boundaries, or use the Blended Surf functionality.

About Blend Tangent to Surfaces The Blend Tangent to Surfaces functionality allows you to create a draft surface (blended surface) tangent to surfaces from an edge or a curve. You may need to create a parting surface and a reference curve such as a draft line, before using the Blend Tangent to Surfaces functionality. The types of tangent draft surfaces are: Curve-driven tangent draft surface—Creates a surface on one or both sides of a parting surface between a reference curve (such as a parting curve or a sketched curve) and selected surfaces of the reference part, tangent to these surfaces. The reference curve must lie outside the reference part. Constant-angle tangent draft outside a draft surface—Creates a surface by following the trajectory of the reference curve and creating surfaces at a specified constant angle to the pull direction. Use this feature to add tangent draft to surfaces that cannot be drafted with the regular Draft feature. You can also use this feature to add tangent drafts to a rib with rounded edges and preserve tangency to the reference part. Constant-angle tangent draft inside a draft surface—Creates a surface with a constant draft angle inside the draft surface. This surface is created on one or both sides of a reference curve (such as a draft curve or a silhouette curve) at a specified angle to the reference part surfaces and provides a rounded transition between the draft surfaces and the adjacent surfaces of the reference part. 9

Surface - Help Topic Collection

When creating a tangent draft, you must select the draft type, the draft direction, and specify the pull direction or accept the default draft direction. Next, select a reference curve and define other draft references such as tangent surfaces or draft angle and radius, depending on the tangent draft type. The optional elements of a tangent draft are: •

Closing Surfaces—Lets you trim or, in some cases, extend the tangent draft up to selected surfaces. Use this element when adjacent surfaces are located at an angle to the surface being drafted. Note: A closing surface must always be a solid surface. A datum plane or a surface geometry cannot be a closing surface.

•

Spine Curves—Lets you specify an additional curve that controls the orientation of normals to the sectioning plane. Use this element if using the reference curve alone results in the geometry intersecting itself.

•

Cap Angle—For one-sided curve-driven tangent drafts. Controls the draft angle for additional planes that are automatically created when a draft line does not extend to the surface borders and you have not specified the closing surfaces. If you do not specify a value, Pro/ENGINEER uses a zero angle.

Finally, you can edit the reference curve by using the Curves tabbed page in the Tangent Surface dialog box. Select the reference curve segments to include in the draft line or exclude from the draft line. Use this functionality when Pro/ENGINEER has trouble creating the tangent draft, for example, when the reference curve intersects itself.

To Create a Quilt Tangent to a Surface 1. Create a reference curve. 2. Click Insert > Advanced > Blend Tangent to Surfaces. The Tangent

Surface dialog box opens, with

selected by default.

3. Specify the draft direction by selecting one of the following: o

One Sided—The draft is created only on one side of the reference curve.

o

Two Sided—The draft is created on both sides of the reference curve.

4. Specify the pull direction. under Draft Line Selection, and select the 5. Click the References tab, click reference curve. The reference curve must lie outside the reference part geometry. Note: If you have selected One Sided as the draft direction earlier, then you can click

10

under Parting Surface and select the parting surface.

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6. Pro/ENGINEER automatically determines the surfaces that the draft is tangent to. under However, if you are not satisfied with the automatic selection, click Tangent To and select the appropriate surfaces on the reference part. to preview the tangent draft geometry. If required, you can 7. Click change the draft geometry by specifying the Closing Surfaces, Spine Curves, or Cap Angle, located on the Options tabbed page. You can also edit the reference curve by using the Curves tabbed page. 8. When satisfied with the feature geometry, click and create the feature.

to close the dialog box

Reference Curve Requirements for Curve-Driven Tangent Drafts To create a curve-driven tangent draft, you must first create a reference curve. You can create a reference curve as a sketched curve, a parting curve, or a silhouette curve with an offset. The reference curve must, •

Be continuous, tangent, and nonintersecting.

•

Lie outside the reference part and be visible along the pull direction from both sides of the part.

•

Lie on the parting surface when creating a solid one-sided draft.

The following example shows the correct placement of the reference curve.

1. Reference part (side view) 2. Reference curve (viewed on end) 3. Pull Direction The next example shows an incorrect placement of the reference curve, because if you look from the bottom of the part along the pull direction, the reference curve is obscured by the part geometry.

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1. Reference part (side view) 2. Reference curve (viewed on end) 3. Pull Direction

Example: Creating a Curve-Driven Tangent Draft This example shows how to create a tangent draft on both sides of the reference curve plane. You can use any type of curve to create a curve-driven tangent draft, but to control the draft angle, create the curve as a parting line with the appropriate angle, as shown in this example.

1. Click Insert > Advanced > Blend Tangent to Surfaces. The Tangent

Surface dialog box opens, with

selected by default.

2. Click the References tab. The Menu Manager and the CHAIN menu appear. 3. Select a curve or an edge and click Done. 4. Click

under Tangent To and select the appropriate reference surface.

5. Click . The following illustration shows a tangent draft on both sides of the reference curve plane. 12

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Example: Specifying Cap Angle and Closing Surfaces This example shows how to create a curve-driven solid tangent draft on one side of the sketched reference curve (1). In this example, the feature is added in Part mode.

1. Create a flat surface that passes through the part, as shown in the following illustration.

2. Click Insert > Advanced > Blend Tangent to Surfaces. The Tangent Surface dialog box opens. 3. Select One Sided under Direction.

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4. To specify the pull direction, select the surface created in Step 1 and click Okay. 5. Click the References tab, click reference curve.

under Draft Line Selection, and select the

6. Select the Tangent To reference curve (the default is automatic) and click Done. 7. Click

under Parting Surface and select the surface created in Step 1.

. The tangent draft is created on one side of the reference curve, 8. Click according to the pull direction, as shown in the following illustration.

9. Click the Options tab, type 30 in the Cap Angle Value box, and press ENTER. . The angle of the planar surfaces (1) changes on both sides of 10. Click the tangent draft feature, as shown in the next illustration.

11. Depending on your design intention, you may want the tangent draft to extend the complete length of the part. Therefore, instead of specifying the Cap Angle, under Select Surfaces on the Options tabbed page and select the click two closing surfaces of the part (1 and 2).

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The resulting tangent draft geometry is shown in the following illustration.

Note: Depending on the draft line geometry, Pro/ENGINEER may or may not be able to extend the draft surface up to the closing surfaces. It is recommended that you use appropriate tools to create and modify curves to ensure that the draft line extends up to or past the intended closing surfaces, and then create a tangent draft.

To Create a Constant-Angle Tangent Draft Outside a Draft Surface 1. Click Insert > Advanced > Blend Tangent to Surfaces. The Tangent Surface dialog box opens.

2. Click

.

3. Specify the draft direction by selecting one of the following: o

One Sided—The draft is created only on one side of the reference curve.

o

Two Sided—The draft is created on both sides of the reference curve.

4. Specify the pull direction. Note: If you are creating a one-sided draft, the pull direction must point from the reference curve in the same direction that the draft is being created.

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under Draft Line Selection, and select the 5. Click the References tab, click reference curve. The reference curve can be any chain of edges or curves (such as a draft curve). The reference curve must lie on a surface of the reference part. Note:You cannot select an assembly level silhouette curve as a reference curve for a tangent draft. To create a tangent draft in the reference model, you must create a silhouette curve in the reference model itself. 6. In the Angle box, type the value for the draft angle. 7. In the Radius box, type the value for the radius of the fillet that connects the draft surfaces with the adjacent surfaces of the reference part. to preview the tangent draft geometry. If required, you can 8. Click change the draft geometry by specifying the Spine Curves or Closing Surfaces on the Options tabbed page. You can also edit the reference curve by using the Curves tabbed page. 9. When satisfied with the feature geometry, click and create the feature.

to close the dialog box

Example: Creating a Constant-Angle Tangent Draft Outside a Draft Surface In this example, a 5-degree draft is added to a rib, that has a 0.4" fillet at the bottom, as shown in the following illustration. To preserve the fillet at the bottom, you must add a constant-angle tangent draft (in this example, the feature is added in Part mode).

1. Click Insert > Advanced > Blend Tangent to Surfaces. The Tangent Surface dialog box opens.

2. Click

16

. The draft direction changes to One Sided.

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3. Specify the pull direction by selecting the top surface of the housing. A red arrow pointing in the upward direction appears. 4. Click Flip so that the red arrow points down, because the pull direction must point from the reference curve in the direction of the tangent draft creation. Click Okay. 5. Click the References tab and select the top edge of the rib (1), as shown in the next illustration. Click Done.

6. In the Angle box, type 5 and press ENTER. 7. In the Radius box, type .4 and press ENTER (the radius is the same as the radius at the bottom of the rib). 8. Click

. The feature geometry is as shown in the following illustration.

9. To make the tangent draft extend all the way to the side of the rib, click the under Select Surfaces, and select the side of the rib Options tab, click (1), as shown in the previous illustration. Note that a gap exists between the tangent draft geometry and the central cylinder of the housing. To avoid this gap, hold down the CTRL key and select the side surface of the central cylinder (2) as the second closing surface. Click OK in the SELECT dialog box. 17

Surface - Help Topic Collection

10. Click

. The new feature geometry is as shown in the next illustration.

11. Click

. The constant-angle tangent draft is created.

12. Repeat the procedure to create a constant-angle tangent draft on the other side of the rib.

To Create a Constant-Angle Tangent Draft Inside a Draft Surface 1. Click Insert > Advanced > Blend Tangent to Surfaces. The Tangent Surface dialog box opens.

2. Click

.

3. Specify the draft direction by selecting one of the following: o

One Sided—The draft is created only on one side of the reference curve.

o

Two Sided—The draft is created on both sides of the reference curve.

4. Specify the pull direction. under Draft Line Selection, and select the 5. Click the References tab, click reference curve. The reference curve can be any chain of edges or curves (such as a draft line). The reference curve must lie on a surface of the reference part. 6. In the Angle box, type the value for the draft angle. 7. In the Radius box, type the value for the radius of the fillet that connects the draft surfaces with the adjacent surfaces of the reference part. to preview the tangent draft geometry. If required, you can 8. Click change the draft geometry by specifying the Spine Curves or Closing Surfaces on the Options tabbed page. You can also edit the reference curve by using the Curves tabbed page. 18

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9. When satisfied with the feature geometry, click and create the feature.

to close the dialog box

Example: Creating a Constant-Angle Tangent Draft Inside a Draft Surface This example shows how to draft the walls of the reference part by 5 degrees, while maintaining the dimensions at the bottom of the part and preserving the 0.4" fillet at the top.

1. Click Insert > Advanced > Blend Tangent to Surfaces. The Tangent Surface dialog box opens.

2. Click

. The draft direction changes to One Sided.

3. Accept the default pull direction. 4. Click the References tab, click reference curve.

under Draft Line Selection, and select the

5. On the CHAIN menu, click Tangnt Chain, select a bottom edge of the reference part as shown in the following illustration, and click Done.

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6. In the Angle box, type 5 and press ENTER. 7. In the Radius box, type .4 and press ENTER (the radius value is the same as the radius of the top fillet). 8. Click

. The tangent draft cut is created as shown in the next illustration.

Tip: Creating a Solid Draft from a Non-Solid Draft To create a solid draft from a nonsolid draft, you must create a quilt tangent at both sides, cap the ends, and merge the quilted surfaces, then create the solid protrusion with either the Use Quilt or Patch command. Note: The system cannot generate drafts (solid or nonsolid) if any portion of the draft line is parallel to the pull direction.

To Create a Surface-to-Surface Blend Use the Blend Between Surfaces command to create a smooth surface or solid transition between two surfaces.

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The surfaces used for this feature must have matching tangency points for each point on their surfaces, such as with two spheres. The surfaces must be inclined toward each other by at least a 30° angle. 1. Click Insert > Advanced > Blend Between Surfaces > Surface. The SURFACE: Surface to Surface Blend dialog box opens. 2. Select the first surface to form the tangent surface boundary. 3. Select the second surface and middle-click. The blend is created.

To Create a Section-to-Surface Blend Use Blend Section To Surfaces to create a transitional surface or solid between a set of tangent surfaces and a sketched contour. The set of surfaces selected for the tangent boundary must be closed. 1. Click Insert > Advanced > Blend Section To Surfaces > Surface. The SURFACE: Section to Surface Blend dialog box opens. 2. Select surfaces to form the tangent boundary. The surfaces must be tangent to each other. Pick all the surfaces, then middle-click. 3. Select or create the sketching plane for the section boundary. 4. Specify the direction of feature creation and enter Sketcher mode. 5. Sketch the section boundary. The section must be closed. 6. Click

.

Creating a Ribbon Surface About a Ribbon Surface A Ribbon surface is a datum that represents a tangent field created along a base curve. The Ribbon surface is tangent to reference curves that intersect the base curve. You can use a Ribbon surface to impose tangency conditions between two surface features. With the Ribbon surface you can define the patch structure so that adjacent surfaces can be made tangent to each other without using one of them as a tangent reference. In this way, the Ribbon surface acts a tangent reference. Using this method, you first create the Ribbon surface. They you can create each surface and make it tangent to the Ribbon surface. After you have created tangency between two adjacent surfaces, you can put the Ribbon surface on a layer and blank it. You can predefine a layer for ribbon surfaces. To do this, specify the name for the layer using the def_layer (LAYER_RIBBON_FEAT) configuration option. Each time you create a ribbon surface, the system automatically adds it to this layer.

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Surface - Help Topic Collection

To Create a Ribbon Surface 1. Click Insert > Model Datum > Ribbon. The DATUM: Ribbon dialog box opens. 2. On the Menu Manager, Add Curve in the RIBBON ITEM menu is active. Select the base curve. You can select a single curve or a chain of curves. The system uses the base curve as a trajectory for the ribbon surface. You can remove the curve with the Remove Curve command and show selected curves with the Show All Curves command. When finished selecting the base curve, click Done Curves. 3. Select the first reference curve. You can continue selecting additional reference curves. When you are finished, click Done Curves. The system creates the Ribbon surface with the default width. 4. Optionally, you can define the width of the ribbon surface. Select the Width element in the dialog box and click Define. Enter the width of the surface. 5. Click OK to finish.

Example: Using a Ribbon Surface This example shows how to create two boundary blends on both sides of the middle curve that are tangent to each other. To impose tangency between two boundary blends, create a Ribbon surface along the middle curve. When defining reference curves for the Ribbon surface, select the three inner curves on both sides of the middle curve.

The Ribbon surface (shown with red boundaries) is now tangent to all the reference curves.

Create the boundary blend on the left side of the middle curve. When defining boundary conditions, specify a tangency condition on the middle curve by referencing 22

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the Ribbon surface. Because the Ribbon is tangent to the inner side curves on the right, the boundary blend on the left is now tangent to the curve on the right.

Create the boundary blend on the right and make it tangent to the Ribbon surface.

Trimming Quilts About Trimming Quilts You can trim quilts in several ways: •

By adding a cut or slot as you do to remove material from solid features

•

By trimming the quilt at its intersection with another quilt or to its own silhouette edge as it appears in a certain view

•

By filleting corners of the quilt

•

By trimming along a datum curve lying on the quilt

For more information refer to the topic About the Trim Feature of the Part Modeling module of Pro/ENGINEER Help.

To Trim a Quilt Using a Basic Form 1. Click Insert > Sweep, Blend, Helical Sweep or Swept Blend > Surface Trim. The SURFACE TRIM dialog box opens. 2. Select the quilt to trim. 3. Start creating the cut geometry, as you do for solid protrusions. The surface definition that you create is used only for trimming and will not appear in the model.

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Surface - Help Topic Collection

4. If you create geometry using the Solid option, specify the side of the quilt to keep by choosing Side 1, Side 2, or Both Sides from the DIRECTION menu. Click Done. Selecting either side of the quilt to keep preserves references of the original quilt. 5. If you chose Both Sides, an additional element Primary Quilt is added to the dialog box so that you can specify which of the two new quilts will inherit the children of the original quilt. To do this, click Primary Quilt and Define in the dialog box. Click Side 1 or Side 2 and Done from the DIRECTION menu. 6. Click OK.

Trimming a Quilt Using Curves You can trim a quilt along a chain of datum curves or edges. The rules for defining a surface trim using a datum curve are as follows: •

You can use a continuous chain of datum curves, inner surface edges, or solid model edges to trim a quilt.

•

Datum curves used for trimming must lie on the quilt to be trimmed and should not extend beyond the boundaries of this quilt.

•

If the curve does not extend to the boundaries of the quilt, the system calculates the shortest distance to the quilt boundary and continues the trim in this direction.

Example: Trimming a Quilt Using Curves

1 Select these datum curves. 2 This arrow indicates the portion to keep.

To Trim a Quilt Using Vertex Round Use Vertex Round to create fillets on outer quilt edges. 1. Click Insert > Advanced > Vertex Round. The SURFACE TRIM: Vertex Round dialog box opens.

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2. Select vertices at the corners of the quilt to be rounded and click OK. All selected vertices must belong to the same quilt. 3. Enter the fillet radius. This radius will be applied to all selected vertices. 4. Click OK in the dialog box.

Example: Trimming with Vertex Round This figure shows the corners to be rounded with the Vertex Round command.

1 Select these vertices to be rounded. The next figure shows the resulting quilt.

Flattening and Bending Features To Create a Flattened Quilt 1. Click Insert > Advanced > Flatten Quilt. The FLATTEN QUILT dialog box opens. 2. Select a source quilt to flatten. 3. Select a datum point on the quilt to be the origin point. Two red arrows indicate the u-v directions of the quilt. 4. Specify one of the following methods for determining the parameterization of the quilt: o

Automatic—(Default) The system defines the parameterization.

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Note: If the system cannot perform a transformation, use the Aided or Manual option. o

Aided—Select four vertices or datum points on the quilt boundary. The system uses these four points to create a reference surface.

o

Manual—Specify a reference surface to use for parameterization. The reference surface must exist in the model prior to the operation.

5. Optionally, you can position the flattened quilt so it lies in the XY plane of a selected coordinate system and orient the quilt as desired. To do this, select Specify Placement and specify the following: o

To define the XY plane, select or create a coordinate system.

o

To orient the flattened quilt in the XY plane, select a point on the original quilt. The system creates a vector from the origin point to the selected xdirection point. The system orients the flattened quilt to align this vector with the x-axis of the plane.

6. Specify the number of steps for each direction of the quilt by typing an integer from 10 to 100 in the Number of Steps 1 and Number of Steps 2 boxes respectively. The number of steps determines the density of the grid used for the surface parameterization. When you click in the respective box, a red arrow shows the corresponding direction of parameterization. 7. Click

to create the feature.

Using Flatten Quilt Use Flatten Quilt to unfold a quilt. To unfold the quilt, the system creates a uniform parameterization of the surface and then unfolds it, preserving the parameterization of the original quilt. To create the parameterization of the source quilt, the system uses a reference surface that approximates and encloses the source quilt. The system can define the reference surface internally, or you can create a surface and then use it for parameterization. Note: A Flatten Quilt feature is a single surface of the type Plane. The system unfolds the quilt with respect to the fixed origin point that you select. By default, the system places the flattened quilt on the plane that is tangent to the original quilt at the origin point. Optionally, you can specify a different placement plane and orient the quilt as desired. To place the quilt, select a coordinate system whose XY plane will be the placement plane. To orient the quilt, select a datum point on the quilt. The system creates a vector from the origin point to specified datum point and aligns this vector with the x-axis of the coordinate system. Consider the following rules and recommendations: •

The origin and the x-direction points must lie on the source quilt.

•

Surfaces of the source quilt must be tangent to each other.

26

Pro/SURFACE •

For the Manual transformation method, a reference surface must be present in the model before you start the Flatten Quilt operation.

•

When you use the Aided option, the corner points must lie on the boundaries of the source quilt or their extensions.

•

If the system fails to transform the quilt using the Automatic and Aided option, click the Manual transformation method and select a reference surface that you have previously created.

Tip: You can create a reference surface for a quilt as a boundary blend by using the source quilt boundaries and several additional curves to approximate the original quilt.

Example: Flattening a Quilt Case 1: Flattening a Quilt Using the Default Placement This figure shows a quilt to flatten. The datum point PNT0 is selected as the origin point.

The next figure shows the flattened quilt (shown on top of the source quilt) in its default placement. Notice that the flattened quilt is tangent to the source quilt at the origin point PNT0.

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Case 2: Flattening a Quilt with the Placement Option The next figure shows a quit to flatten. The datum point PNT0 is selected as the origin point. The coordinate system CS1 and datum point PNT1 are used for positioning the resulting quilt.

The next figure shows the results of the Flatten Quilt operation. The flattened quilt lies in the XY plane of the coordinate system CS1. A vector created from PNT0 to PNT1 is aligned with the x-axis of the XY plane.

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To Create a Solid Bend After you have created a flattened quilt, you can use Solid Bend to flatten curves and bend a solid. 1. Click Insert > Advanced > Bend Solid. The SOLID BEND dialog box opens. 2. Select a Flatten Quilt feature. 3. Specify the Bend Options by choosing one of the following options: o

Flatten Curves—Transform datum curves from the original quilt to the flattened quilt.

o

Bend Solid—Transform a solid from the flattened quilt to the original quilt.

4. If you are flattening curves, select the curves on the flat quilt that you want to transform. To reselect the curves, click Source Curves. 5. Click

to create the feature.

Using Solid Bend You can use Bend Solid to: •

Flatten (unbend) curves

•

Bend solids

Use Bend Solid to transform the solid that lies in the vicinity of the flattened quilt to the source quilt. Alternatively, you can transfer datum curves from the source quilt to the flattened quilt using the Flatten Curves option. Consider the following restrictions: •

Selected curves must reference the surfaces of the source quilt of the Flatten Quilt feature.

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The solid should lie in the vicinity of the flattened quilt and should not cross the boundaries of this quilt.

Creating Solid Geometry Using Quilts About Creating Solid Geometry Using Quilts To create solid geometry using quilts, you must first select the quilts before using the required commands. There are three methods of creating solid geometry by using quilts: •

Replace an entire part surface with a quilt. Surface replacement differs from protrusions and cuts because it can add material in some places and remove it in others. Surface replacement is a surface deformation feature, and is created using Offset on the Edit menu.

•

Create a "patch", a feature that replaces a portion of a solid surface (or surfaces) with a quilt whose boundaries lie on the surfaces being patched. This feature is created using Solidify on the Edit menu.

•

Create a construction feature (protrusion, cut, or slot) by using a quilt as the solid feature’s boundaries. Geometry will be added or subtracted up to the border of the quilt used. This is done using Solidify on the Edit menu.

To Replace a Solid Surface with a Quilt Offset allows you to replace a specified solid surface on the model with a datum plane or a quilt. By default, when you replace a solid surface with a quilt, the system consumes the quilt. To preserve the quilt, define the Keep Quilt element in the dialog box. 1. Select the solid surface that needs to be replaced. 2. Click Edit > Offset. The dashboard appears. 3. From the list of offset types on the dashboard, select Replace 4. Pick the replacement quilt. 5. By default, the system consumes the replacement quilt. If you want to keep the quilt, click Options and click the Keep Quilt check box. 6. To complete feature creation, click

.

Note: If a child feature references the quilt that was kept with Keep Quilt, redefining the features so as to not keep the quilt causes the references of the child to be missing.

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Freeform Surfaces About Creating Freeform Surfaces You can create a freeform feature either as a solid tweak feature or as an advanced surface feature. Surface Free Form allows you to "push" or "pull" on a surface, interactively changing its shape either to create a new surface feature, or to modify a solid or quilt. Whenever the underlying surface changes shape, the freeform feature also changes shape proportionally. The real-time surface definition feedback allows you to immediately evaluate and modify the surface as required. Display options for the surface include porcupine curvature, deviation, Gaussian curvature, sectional curvature, slope, intersection curves, reflection curves, and cosmetic shading. For a freeform surface, you can use the boundaries of the underlying base surface. Alternatively, you can sketch the boundaries of the freeform surface; the system will then project them on the underlying base surfaces. The grid boundaries may extend beyond the underlying base surface. When creating a freeform surface, you can trim or extend it to fit the underlying surface boundaries.

Example: Sample Freeform Surface In this figure, the underlying surface boundaries appear in dashed font. The base surface is shown meshed.

1 Base surface grid boundaries

To Select an Entire Surface for the Freeform Surface 1. Click Insert > Advanced > Surface Free Form. The SURFACE: Free Form dialog box opens. 2. Select an existing surface. The system displays a grid of red isolines in the first direction.

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3. Enter the number of control curves in the first direction. The system displays a grid of red isolines in the second direction. 4. Enter the number of control curves in the second direction. The Modify Surface dialog box opens. You can select a point on the grid to drag, or optionally you can use the Modify Surface dialog box to define the Poly Motion region, turn on the dynamic diagnostics, or use sliders. 5. When finished tweaking, click

in the Modify Surface dialog box.

6. Click OK in the dialog box to create the freeform feature.

To Sketch a Boundary Region 1. Click Insert > Advanced > Surface Free Form. 2. The SURFACE: Free Form dialog box opens. 3. Click Sket On Pln and Done on the FORM OPTS menu. 4. Select the sketching plane and specify model references. Sketch a circle or a rectangle. 5. The system displays a grid of red isolines in the first direction. Enter the number of control curves in the direction of the arrow. 6. The system displays another grid of isolines in the second direction. Enter the number of control curves in the direction of the arrow. 7. The Modify Surface dialog opens. You can select a point on the grid to drag, or optionally you can use the Modify Surface dialog box to define the Poly Motion region, turn on the dynamic diagnostics, or use sliders. 8. When finished tweaking, click

in the Modify Surface dialog box.

9. Click OK in the dialog box to create the freeform feature.

To Create a Freeform Quilt 1. Click Insert > Advanced > Surface Free Form. The SURFACE: Free Form dialog box opens. 2. Select an existing surface to provide the solid or quilt reference (base) surface for the freeform surface definition. The system displays a grid of red isolines in the first direction. 3. Enter the number of control curves in the first direction. The system displays a grid of red isolines in the second direction. 4. Enter the number of control curves in the second direction. The Modify Surface dialog box opens. You can select a point on the grid to drag, or optionally you can use the Modify Surface dialog box to define the Poly Motion region, turn on the dynamic diagnostics, or use sliders.

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5. When finished tweaking, click

in the Modify Surface dialog box.

6. Click OK in the dialog box to create the freeform feature.

Copying a Trimmed Portion of the Quilt To Copy a Trimmed Portion of the Quilt You can copy a trimmed portion of a quilt (surface patch). To define the portion of the quilt to copy, you must select edges and curves that form a single closed loop. 1. Select the quilt from which you want to copy a patch. 2. Click Edit > Copy. The dashboard appears. 3. Click Options and click Copy Inside boundary. 4. Click inside the Boundary curve collector. Select a closed contour as the boundary of the patch. 5. Click quilt.

. The system creates a new quilt on top of the selected portion of the

33

Index A

F

Advanced

Free Form command......................31

SRF OPTS menu .......................... 2

freeform surface

Advanced ...................................... 4

overview ...................................31

assigning color to a quilt.................. 1

selecting an entire surface ...........31

B

sketching boundaries ..................32

Blend command SRF OPTS menu .......................... 2

freeform surface ..................... 31, 32 M

Blend command ............................. 2

Mesh Surface command .................. 2

blended surface

meshing a quilt .............................. 2

N-sided patch .............................. 8

N

section-to-surface ...................... 21

N-sided blended surface

surface-to-surface...................... 20

creating ..................................... 8

blended surface.......................20, 21

overview .................................... 9

Boundaries command ADV FEAT OPT menu .................... 4 Boundaries command...................... 4

N-sided blended surface...............8, 9 Q quilt assigning color to ........................ 1

boundary blend conic surface ............................... 6

blanking ..................................... 1

boundary blend .............................. 6

meshing ..................................... 2

C

methods for trimming .................23

conic surface

naming ...................................... 1

creating...................................... 6

shading...................................... 2

overview..................................... 6

quilt ............................................. 1

conic surface.................................. 6

R

E

Replace command .........................30

Extrude

Revolve command

SRF OPTS ................................... 2

SRF OPTS menu .......................... 2

Extrude ......................................... 2

Revolve command .......................... 2 ribbon surface ..............................22 35

Surface - Help Topic Collection S

surface replacement

section-to-surface blend ................ 21

creating ....................................30

shading a quilt ............................... 2

surface replacement ......................30

Shading command .......................... 2

surface-to-surface blend ................20

Shouldr Crv command

Sweep command

OPTIONS .................................... 6

SRF OPTS menu .......................... 2

Shouldr Crv command..................... 6

Sweep command............................ 4

solid geometry from quilts ............. 30

T

Srfs to Srfs command

Trim command

ADV FEAT OPTS menu ................ 20

QUILT SURF menu ......................23

Srfs to Srfs command.................... 20

Trim command .............................23

Surface command

trimming a quilt

FEAT CLASS menu ....................... 1

overview ...................................23

Surface command........................... 1

using a basic form ......................23

surface feature

using the vertex round ................24

creation methods ......................... 2

trimming a quilt ............................23

joining to a quilt .......................... 4

V

replacement .............................. 30

Vertex Round command

tangent to surface...................... 10

FORM menu...............................24

surface feature ............................... 1

Vertex Round command .................24

36