Sunita

SEMINAR ON ULTRA WIDE BAND PRESENTED BY: SUNITA KUMARI DASH, REGN NO:0301106013, 7TH SEMISTER, ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING.

CONTENTS 

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Introduction Development Working Functions of UWB Applications of UWB Advantages of UWB Disadvantages of UWB Future technology

INTRODUCTION • •

•

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Governed by the FCC Definition: UWB is a modulated transmission with: – more than 20% fractional bandwidth Or, – at least 500 MHz of bandwidth. The UWB spectrum is between 3.1 and 10.6 GHz. Energy spectral density is limited to –41.3 dBm/MHz Bandwidth

INTRODUCTION(CONT.) 

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Ultra Wideband is a means of transmitting data that does not use an RF Carrier for its signal. It uses short pulses often in the Pico second (1/1000th of nanoseconds) range. FCC declares the transmission frequency range of 3.1 to10.6 GHz with a minimum spectral width of 500 MHz.

UWB communications consists of very short pulses (Picoseconds) transmitted over a large spectrum at once Compared to narrowband RF and spread spectrum, UWB uses extremely low power, yet extremely wide bandwidth

Radio technology that modulates impulse based waveforms instead of continuous carrier wave

Narrowband Communication

Ultrawideband Communication

Time-domain behavior Impulse Modulation

1

Frequency-domain behavior

1

0

time

3

frequency

10 GHz

(FCC Min=500Mhz)

0

1

0

1

Frequency Modulation 2.4

GHz

Theoretical Data Rates over Range

DEVELOPMENT 

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It was first developed in the 1960s for the US military. Invented by Dr. Gerald F. Ross (US), currently President of ANRO Engineering. First demonstrated the feasibility of utilizing UWB waveforms for radar and communications applications.

WORKING 

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A traditional UWB transmitter works by sending billions of pulses across a very wide spectrum of frequencies several GHz in bandwidth. Modern UWB systems use other modulation techniques (OFDM). UWB's combination of broader spectrum and lower power.

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UWB is essentially a time-domain concept in which an extremely short RF pulse directly generates a very wide instantaneous bandwidth signal because of the time-scaling properties of the Fourier transform relationship between time f and frequency F:

The performances of both types of systems (whether spread spectrum or UWB) are determined by the effective energy per bit to noise spectral density ratio Eb / No. As No = kTeB, where k is Boltzmann's constant, Te is the effective system noise temperature and B is the instantaneous bandwidth

FUNCTIONS 

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The pulses are called “shaped noise,” because it is not flat but curves over the spectrum. An important concept of UWB is that the signal is a function of time, not frequency. In UWB systems each transmitter and receiver pair is active only for a very short period of time.

APPLICATION OF UWB 

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UWB developments in the fields of communication radar and localization were demonstrated. Ultra Wideband (UWB) devices can be used for precise measurement of distances or locations and for obtaining the images of objects buried under ground or behind surfaces. For short-range high-speed data transmissions suitable for broadband access to the Internet

APPLICATION(CONT.)     

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UWB allows high density band width applications. UWB is also used for commercial applications. UWB for range-finding applications. UWB for radar applications. UWB's first application is likely to be equipment linking personal entertainment systems. UWB uses far less power than Bluetooth devices and sends vastly more data.

ULTRA WIDE BAND WIRE LESS APPLICATIONS 

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Highly secure short range radios (public safety). Motion tracking and imaging radar. Wireless LANs, microphones. Automobile and aircraft proximity radar Subsurface in ground penetration radar Wireless multimedia work

UWB TO CHARGE CABLE TV   

Develop pulse link over wired media Effectively double the Band Width (CATV) Pulse-LINK said that using UWB in this manner can enable such applications as High Definition TV (HDTV), Video-onDemand (VoD), Interactive Television (ITV), T-Commerce, Gaming, Voice over IP (VoIP), and substantially increased Internet bandwidth over cable

RADAR APPLICATION 

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) applications

COMMUNICATION APPLICATION 

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Transmission of very high data rates over short distances without suffering the effects of multipath interference. UWB communication devices could be used to wirelessly distribute services such as phone,cable, and computer networking

WIRE LESS USB 

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The First High-speed Personal Wireless Interconnect. USB Promoter Group is defining the Wireless USB specification as a high-speed host-to device connection. Targeted bandwidth is 480 Mbps – plenty fast for multimedia streaming and high bandwidth data transfers.

ULTRA WIDE BAND RADAR SYSTEMS 

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Include better spatial resolution, detectable materials penetration, easier target information recovery from reflected signals. UWB Transmitter UWB Antennas Features of UWB RADAR

Wide Bandwidth

IMPULSE RADIO 

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Short range communications in dense multi path environments. Communicate with very short duration pulses (ns). Solve difficult indoor mobile communication problems is apparent because of its fine multipath resolution capability. Due to its significant bandwidth, an impulse radio based multiple access system may accommodate many users, even in multi path environments

IMPULSE RADIO RECEIVER SIGNAL PROCESSING

ADVANTAGES   

It can transmit data at very high rate. Bandwidth is more (~ 1.5 GHz). Implemented in a carrier less fashion.

ADVANTAGES  

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Extremely difficult to intercept. UWB has the ability to transmit at higher data rates than traditional wireless technologies. Minimizes interference to other services. Low cost.

SPATIAL CAPACITY 

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This measures the the amount of data delivered per user in a given space. Example: early cell phones had a few towers and a lot of power  In 1976, NYC could only support 545 users  By reducing power, tower spacing is reduced  Denser tower spacing covers more users High capacity = more users, better served Note: the following table is not corrected for MAC overhead

Spatial capacity comparison between IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth*, and UWB

Spatial Capacity Comparisons Type

Range m

area m2

data rate

capacity kbps/m2

BT 1.1

10

314

1M

3.2

802.11b

100

31416

11M

0.35

802.11g

100

31416

54M

1.72

802.11a

50

7854

54M

6.88

802.15.3

10

314

55M

175

Advantages over implementation tech BLUETHOOTH RADIO

UWB Transceiver architecture

DISADVANTAGES  

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P=E02 4π R2 / η NPRM rules would limit UWB transmitted power spectral density for frequencies greater than 2GHz. GPS work at 1.2 to 1.5 GHz (NTIA).

Notice of Proposed Rule Making (NPRM)

Examples of UWB developments 

Full duplex UWB handheld transceiver

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UWB ground wave communication systems

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UWB Tag & Tag reader (Vehicular Electronic Tagging and Alert System)

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UWB wireless Intercom Communication System

CONCLUSION The Future Belongs to the Unwired. Analysts predict that in 2005 there will be over 80 million wireless LANs in use worldwide and nearly 13 million wireless home networks in the United States.Growing number of mediaintensive devices need a high-bandwidth wireless solution for easy connection and media exchange. The answer is Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technology.

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