Substantial T

Werth, Gondalia, Walters Substantially is without material qualifications A. Interpretation. Substantially means without material qualifications Black’s Law Dictionary 1990 [Black‘s Law Dictionary, 1990, “substantially”, sixth addition, pg. 1429 McCullough] Essentially, without material qualifications B. Violation. The affirmative over specifies their plan action C. Standards 1. Ground By over specifying their plan action, the Aff kills all Neg link ground to arguments like politics disadvantages. The abuse has already been done. We have already had to change our strategy. 2. Limits The Aff under limits the topic by allowing multiple variations on the same basic action. It explodes the research burden and justifies cases that identify specific drugs that will be handed out. 3. Predictability The Aff s interpretation makes it impossible to predict all of the specific plans under the resolution. Any slight alteration, from what company is used in producing drugs to what materials are used in the vaccines, is justified by the Aff, killing topic-specific education. D. Voters. Topicality is key to fairness and education because it ensures a productive debate on the resolution. If the affirmative is not topical, it is outside of the judge’s jurisdiction to vote on it.