Strawberry Syrup (a Detail Project Report)

SIIB

STRAWBERRY SYRUP A Detail Project Report

SUBMITTED TO:-

SUBMITTED BY:-

CHITRAGAR SIR FACULTY AT ‘SIIB’

AJIT DHAYGUDE MBA (ABM) PRN- 08020242012

AJIT DHAYGUDE (SIIB-PUNE)

INDEX SR.NO.

DESCRIPTION

PAGE NO.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

INTRODUCTION INDIAN AGRICULTURE WHY STRAWBERRY PROMOTERS PROFILE PRODUCT------- STRAWBERRY SYRUP MARKET POTENTIAL MANUFACTURING PROCESS

4 5 6 6 7 8 8

8 9 10 11 12 13 14

FINANCIAL ASPECTS CAPITAL INPUTS MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS TENTITIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECT DETAILS OF PROPOSED PROJECT PROFITABILTY CALCULATION PROJECTED PROFITABILTY FOR 4 YEARS BREAK EVEN ANALYSIS

10 11 11 12 13 14 17

15 16 17 18 19 20

MACHINERIES DETAILS STRAWBERRY FRUIT WASHER STRAWBERRY JUICE EXTRACTER STEAM JACKETED EXTRACTER STIRROR BABY BOILER BOTTLE WASHING,FILLING & CAPPING MACHINE

19 20 20 21 22 23

21 22 23 24

CULTIVATION PRACTICES INTRODUCTION CULTIVATION FERTILIZATION TO MARKET NUTRITION

26 27 29 30

25

DOCUMENTATION APPLICATION OF LICENSE FOR FOOD

35

26 27

PROCESSING (FPO - 1955) FORM A FORM B

36 37

Page | 3

INTRODUCTION:Industry is one of the most vital inputs for both economy and social development of the country. While the growth of the industry contributes in a big way in the country’s economy, it also pays a major role in the life of the common man and has direct impact on the quality of the life of citizens. India is agriculture country, one third population depends on agriculture sector directly or indirectly. Agriculture continues to be the mainstay of the Indian economy. Indian agriculture contributes to the national gross domestic product is about 25%. With food being the crowning need of the mankind, much emphasis has been on commercialising agricultural production. Hence, adequate production and even distribution of food has lately become high priority global concern. With the changing agriculture scenario and global competition, there is a need of exploiting the available resources at maximum level. In Indian agriculture the factors like high productivity, supply of balanced crop nutrients, efficient water management, improved crops, better plant protection, postproduction management for value addition and marketing, are responsible for higher yield as compared to the other countries. Innovation in production as well as marketing technologies hold the key to economic success in the rapidly changing and competitive markets, both domestic and international. Recent policy shifts market oriented economy and thrusts on the export have opened up immense possibilities for entrepreneurs in india to promote the project based on the innovative technologies are being set up in the farm, with or without foreign collaboration. Financial institutions have also playing a pro-active and dynamic role in the new development process that has recently been set in motion. It can accelerate capital information in the rural areas in the agriculture and the allied sectors as well as non farm sector. Agro processing activities specially in the thrust areas of fruits and vegetables, fisheries, livestock, and dairy products with accent on export being promoted

by NABARD and nationalized banks on priority basis through appropriate policy initiatives.

INDIAN AGRICULTURE:India has made lot of progress in agriculture since independence in terms of growth in output yields and area under many crops. It has gone through a green revolution, a white revolution. Today, india is the largest producer of milk, fruits, cashew nuts, coconuts and tea in the world. The second largest producer of wheat, vegetables, sugar and fish and third largest producer of tobacco and rice. Thus Indian agriculture is bouncing back. It is scripting its own success story, thanks to rising private investment, which will lead to faster growth. Agri business companies are developing new models to reach out to the farmers and consumers, providing new technologies, investing more in modern supply chains and in organized retailing that sells more and more processed food. Thus Indian agriculture is undergoing rapid change particularly since mid sixties i.e. from the one set of the ‘green revolution’. Therefore we have witnessed a white revolution making a tremendous increase in the milk production. Our horticulture, which includes fruit production, floriculture and vegetable production is also making tremendous heading and it is said that yellow revolution is in the sight. If we analyse this changing scene in agriculture we can notice that the traditional agriculture which was ‘way of life’ for our farmers is now becoming a ‘business proposition’. In the traditional farming there was not much change in the cropping pattern, cultivation practices etc . it was based on the experiences transmitted from the father to the son. However with the developments taking place due to the five year plans and technological developments in agriculture traditional farming is changing into the modern farming. Traditional farming slowly becomes absolute and uneconomic. Traditional farming was no more self sufficient. No, farming is, becoming market oriented. The needs of the farmers are increasing. He has to purchase many things such as high yielding seed, fertilisers, pesticides, machinery, etc. from the market. As a result his investment and financial needs are increasing. Naturally he has to produce and get the Page | 5

income to meet the costs and also to make some profits. Thus, the costs, returns, markets, profits of the enterprise become significantly important. This is nothing but AGRIECONOMICS. With increasing population, rapid urbanisation and growing export markets the demand for farm products is increasing and is likely to increase in the future. As indicated above, there has been a technological break- through in agriculture in recent years. New non traditional crops, new varieties of the crops, new methods of cultivation are coming in very fast and farmers are adopting the same. A large number of farm products are being produced for exports. Like to set up modern commercial strawberry syrup project at mahabaleshwar in satara district.

WHY STRWBERRY??? Strawberries are grown in many areas of Maharashtra. Satara district is not an exception. As a matter of fact, many strawberry products from Panchgani and Mahabaleshwar region have become very popular and brands like Mapro are well established. Strawberries were not grown in large quantities few years back but with gradual increase in demand for table varieties as well as from processing units, number of farmers have now taken up this activity. Some progressive farmers should undertake strawberry processing as a measure of forward integration. With assured supply of good quality strawberries, quality of products would be very good and the competitive edge would also go up. This product can also be produced in HP & J&K. PROMOTERS PROFILE:  Name of the unit: -

STRAWBERRY INTERNATIONALS

 Status: -

Proprietor firm

 Constitution: -

Sole Company

 Registered Office: -

H-234, Near Jogeshwari Park Andheri (West), Mumbai. (400025)

 Location Unit: -

Plot No. 35A, Old MIDC, Bhilar, Panchagani Tehsil- Mahabaleshwar Dist.- Satara Maharashtra. 412802

 Proposed Activity: -

Manufacturing Of Strawberry Syrup.

 Installed Capacity: -

180 tonnes/month

 Promoters information Name Address

AJIT DHAYGUDE A/p: - Ahire Tehsil:- Khandala Dist. :- Satara

(Maharshtra)

Telephone Fax Mobile

Pincode – 412802 02169-275010, 003,009 02169-275003 +919890737455

Educational Qualification Designation PAN ID NUMBER

[email protected] MBA-ABM (SIIB) Proprietor AJU234

PRODUCT Fruits are available only during 4-5 months every year and they are perishable. But with the advent of preservation techniques, it is possible to enjoy them even during off-season. There are many methods like dehydration, preparation of pulp or squash or syrup and so on. This note considers manufacture of strawberry syrup from pulp. Page | 7

Compliances under the FPO and PFA Act is mandatory.

Market Potential Strawberries are liked by many but till 8-10 years back, they were not easily available and hence were very costly. But with the modernisation of agriculture and horticulture, many crops and fruits are grown at many new locations. Strawberry is one such fruit. Strawberry processing is taking roots and processed products are becoming popular outside the state as 280 well. Nearby tourist centres like Mahabaleshwar, Lonavala and Goa have helped this cause. The manufacturing process is not very complicated and if some strawberry growers start this project then the chances of success are more. Competition is slowly increasing and any new entrant has to offer quality product at competitive rates, offer handsome returns to middlemen and latchy packaging to lure buyers. Placement of product is also very important as it would attract customers and also provide visibility. MANUFACTURING PROCESS The process of manufacture is very well standardised and easy to implement. Fully grown and matured strawberries are washed, cleaned and graded and then peeled. Subsequently, juice is extracted and filtered to remove seeds, fibres etc. Juice is then processed and sterilised and some preservatives are added to it and stored in pulp form for use during offseason. Mixture of pulp, sugar syrup and preservatives along with water is thoroughly mixed and syrup is packed in plastic bottles. Weight and process loss is on an average 35% to 40%.

MAHABALESHWA INDIA’S 85% STRAWBERR Y PRODUCTIO N DONE

Fig:- Areas of strawberry collection for the syrup purpose.

Page | 9

CAPITAL INPUTS Land and Building A plot of land of around 200 sq.mtrs. with built-up area of 100 sq.mtrs. would be sufficient. Land may cost Rs. 10 lacs - whereas cost of construction could be Rs. 25 lacs. Machinery Strawberries would be available only for around 6 months and hence the factory is expected to run for around 150 days. It is, therefore, suggested to install processing capacity of 180 tonnes per month which would need following equipments: Item Fruit washing tanks Juice extractors Steam-jacketed kettle Stirrer Baby Boiler Bottle Washing, Filling & Capping Machine Testing Equipments, Weighing Scales etc.

Qty 2 2 1 1 1 1 --

Price (Rs.) 50,000 2,10,000 30,000 10,000 1,20,000 1,40,000 70,000 6,40,000

Miscellaneous Assets Some other support assets like furniture and fixtures, packing tables, SS utensils, fruit crates etc. shall be required for which a provision of Rs. 1,20,000/- is made. Utilities Power requirement shall be 50 HP including operations of mini boiler whereas per day water requirement for process and potable and sanitation purposes will be about 1200 ltrs.

Raw and Packing Materials The most critical raw material will be strawberries. They are grown in ample quantity in Satara and Nasik districts with many large farms. Hence, the location has to be

appropriately selected. Prior supply arrangements with some farmers would ensure smooth supply. Other materials like sugar, citric acid and permitted food colours and flavours will also be available locally. Packing materials like food grade plastic bottles of 700 ml. capacity, labels, corrugated boxes etc. shall be required for which adequate arrangements must be made.

MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS Particulars Machine operators Semi skilled workers Helpers Drivers

Nos.

Monthly salary

Total monthly salary

4 4 8 2

(Rs.) 10,000 6,000 4,000 5,000 Total

(Rs.) 40,000 24,000 32,000 10,000 100000

TENTATIVE IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE Activity Application and sanction of loan Site selection and commencement of civil

Period (in months) 2 1

work Completion of civil work and placement

4

orders for machinery Erection, installation and trial runs

1

DETAILS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT Land and Building:Particulars Land Building

Area (sq. Mtrs) 200 100

Cost (Rs.) 10,00000 25,00000 Page | 11

35,00000 Machinery The total cost of machinery is expected to be Rs. 6.40 lacs as explained earlier. Miscellaneous Assets A provision of Rs.1,20,000/- is adequate for some other assets as discussed earlier. Preliminary & Pre-operative Expenses Any industrial project entails many pre-production expenses like registration, establishment and administrative charges, travelling, interest during implementation, trial runs etc. An amount of Rs. 2,00,000/- is provided towards them. Working Capital Requirements Capacity utilisation in the first year is assumed to be 60% in the first year which would require following working funds: Particulars

Period

Margin

Total

Bank

Promoters

Stocks of packing materials &

(month) (%) 1 30

(lacs) 2

(lacs) 1.4

(lacs) 0.6

sugar Stock of finished goods Receivables Other expenses

4 ½ 1

20 4 2 28

15 3 -19.4

5 1 2 8.6

25 25 100

Cost of the Project & Means of Financing:Item Land and building Machinery Miscellaneous assets P & P Expenses Contingencies @ 10% on land and building & plant &

Amount (lacs) 35 6.4 1.2 2 4.14

machinery Working capital margin Total Means of finance Promoters contribution Term loan from bank Total Debt to equity ratio Promoters contribution

8.6 57.34 17.202 40.138 57.34 2.34:1 31%

Financial assistance in the form of grant is available from the Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Govt. of India, towards expenditure on technical civil works and plant and machinery for eligible projects subject to certain terms and conditions. PROFITABILITY CALCULATIONS Production Capacity & Build-up As against the processing capacity of 180 tonnes per month, the plant is expected to run at 60% in the first season and 75% , 80% & 90% respectively.

Sales Revenue at 100% The selling price (MRP) of some established brands is in the range of Rs.500 to 600 per ltr. To penetrate the market, the selling price assumed is Rs. 300 per ltr. Thus, sale of 108 kilo litres (with 60% yield) would result in income of Rs.324 lacs. Raw & Packing Materials Required at 100% :Product Strawberries Sugar Citric acid & other preservatives, flavours

Quantity

Price/ton

180

(Rs) 50,000

Value 90 5 2 Page | 13

Packing material @ Rs. 15000/KI Total

16.2 113.2

Utilities Monthly cost of utilities at 100% activity level is envisaged to be Rs.8,000/-. Selling Expenses Apart from very competitive selling price, the retailers need to be given lucrative commission and adequate publicity materials. Product publicity by way of hoardings, free sampling is also contemplated. Hence, a provision of 25% of sales revenue is made. Interest Interest on term loan of Rs. 40.138 lacs is calculated @ 12% per annum assuming complete repayment in 4 years including a moratorium period of 1 year. Interest on working capital loan from bank is computed @ 14% every year. Depreciation It is calculated @ 10% on building and 20% on machinery and miscellaneous assets on WDV basis. PROJECTED PROFITABILITY No. A B

C

Particulars Installed Capacity Capacity Utilisation Sales realisation Cost of production Raw and packing materials Utilities Salaries Stores and spares Repairs and Maintenance Selling Expenses @ 25% Administrative expenses Total Profit before interest and depreciation Interest on term loan

1st year 2nd year 180 tonnes 60% 75% 194.4 243 67.92 0.576 7.2 1.2 1.2 48.6 1.2 127.896 66.504 4.81

84.90 0.72 9 1.5 1.5 60.72 1.5 159.84 83.16 4.23

No. A B

C

Interest on working capital Depreciation Profit before tax Income tax @ 33% Profit after tax Cash accruals Repayment on term loan

1.6296 4.78 55.2844 18.5 37.042 41.822 5

Particulars Installed Capacity Capacity Utilisation Sales realisation Cost of production Raw and packing materials Utilities Salaries Stores and spares Repairs and Maintenance Selling Expenses @ 25% Administrative expenses Total Profit before interest and depreciation Interest on term loan Interest on working capital Depreciation Profit before tax Income tax @ 33% Profit after tax Cash accruals Repayment on term loan

3rd year 4th year 180 tonnes 80% 90% 259.2 291.6 90.56 0.768 9.6 1.6 1.6 64 1.6 169.72 89.48 3.81 2.1728 3.4742 80.023 26.40 53.623 57.0972 10

2.03 4.174 72.726 23.99 48.736 52.91 5

101.88 0.864 10.8 1.8 1.8 72 1.8 190.94 100.66 3.23 2.4444 3.0686 91.917 30.33 61.587 64.6556 10

Page | 15

BREAK-EVEN ANALYSIS No [A] [B]

[c] [D] [E]

Particulars Sales Variable costs Raw & packing materials Utilities (70%) Salaries (70%) Stores & Spares Selling expenses (70%) Administration expenses (50%) Interest on working capital Contribution [A] – [B] Fixed cost Break even point [D] / [C]

[A] LEVERAGES Financial Leverage = EBIT/EBT = 61.484/56.04 = 1.09 Operating Leverage = Contribution/EBT = 83.6 ÷ 56.04 = 1.49 Degree of Total Leverage = FL/OL = 1.09 ÷ 1.49 = 0.73

Amount (lacs) 194.4 67.92 0.4 5.04 1.2 34.02 0.6 1.6296

110.9 83.6 44.6 53.34%

B] Debt Service Coverage Ratio (DSCR) Particulars Cash accruals Interest on TL Total [A] Interest on TL Repayment of TL Total [B] DSCR [A] / [B] Average DSCR

1st year 41.822 4.81 46.632 4.81 5 9.81 4.7535

2nd year 52.91 4.23 57.14 4.23 5 9.23 6.16

3rd year 57.0972 3.81 60.9072 3.81 10 13.81 4.41 5.1125

4th year 64.6556 3.23 67.8856 3.23 10 13.23 5.13

[C] Internal Rate of Return (IRR) Cost of the project is Rs. 57.35 lacs. Year 1 2 3 4

Cash accruals 41.822 52.91 57.0972 64.6556

The IRR is around 77%. Some of the machinery suppliers are 1. T. Alimohammad & Co, MJ Phule Market, Mumbai 400 003 2. Sujata Enterprise,Laxmi Rd., Pune 411 030 3. Apurva Engg. Works, Borivali, Mumbai 400 098 4. Raylons Metal Works, PB No. 17426, JB Nagar, Andheri(E), Mumbai-400059

Machineries required:-

1.

Strawberry fruit washer:- This is the machine will be helpful for the washing the fruits in a systematic manner.

Page | 17

Company: - Bajaj Process & Pack Machines Pvt. Ltd. Estimated Cost/ Unit: - 25,000/Machine

2.

Strawberry juice extractors: - we are using high power machines and two in number for continuous production.

Company: - Bajaj Process & Pack Machines Pvt. Ltd. Estimated Cost/ Unit: - Rs. 1, 10,000/Machine

3.

Steam-jacketed kettle: - The Cleveland KGL-60-T gas-fired 60 gallon steam jacketed kettle is a hard-working, self-contained unit that's easy-to-install! Its 60 gallon capacity enables you to prepare large batches of stews, pasta, chili, and soup. Thanks to its precise temperature control (less than 2 degrees Fahrenheit of variance), it's ideal for simmering too! The Cleveland KGL-60-T steam jacketed kettle features an energy-efficient highperformance gas heating system that heats up and recovers quickly. Its insulated heat exchanger aids in temperature retention and regulation. A simple, automatic electronic spark ignition system ensures reliable start-up. Its steam jacket is permanently filled with treated, distilled water, and is rated at 50 PSI, with a rear-mounted safety valve to prevent unintentional operation. All exterior surfaces are made of durable 304 stainless steel.

Page | 19

A splash-proof solid-state control panel allows simple regulation of temperature, and monitors low water safety, heat cycle, and has a low water warning. Other special features include a large pouring lip that enables fast and easy pouring, a durable rolled rim that can stand up to abuse, a 6' 115V power cord and plug for the electronic spark ignition, and a roller bearing, case-hardened tilt mechanism with self-locking worm and segment gear. The Cleveland KGL-60-T 60 gallon steam jacketed kettle's support legs have level-adjustable feet that are flanged for floor bolting. AGA, CSA, CE, NSF, and ASME approved. Choose Liquid Propane or Natural Gas. For installation requirements and additional detailed information, consult the specification sheet.

•

190,000 BTU firing rate, Power Burner Heating

•

Large pouring lip for fast, easy pouring

•

AGA, CSA, CE, NSF, and ASME approvals

Dimensions: Overall Width: 49 3/8" Overall Depth: 47 1/4" Height (to lip of kettle): 43 3/4"

Manufacturer’s Item Numbers: KGL-60-T LP, KGL-60-T NAT Cost of the machine: - Rs. 30,000/-

4.

Stirrer:-

Cost of stirrer:- Rs. 10,000/All above are Purchased from:Bajaj Process Pack Machines Private Limited Mr. Girish Bajaj Add: 7/20, 7/27, Jai Lakshmi Industrial Estate, Side-IV, Sahibabad Industrial Area Ghaziabad-201 001,Uttar Pradesh,India Tel : +(91)-(120)-2775119/2775137 Fax : +(91)-(120)-2775137 Email : [email protected]

5. Baby boiler: -

Page | 21

High quality Baby Boiler Machine which is superior in quality & performance the equipment is ideal for accuracy. These are the specifications of Baby Boiler. Specifications • Pressure Capacity 2 Kg to 7 Kg as per required by party • Pressure Gauge

• Limit Switch • Safety Valve • Pump & Motor • Gas Burner • Fully Automatic Control Panel Estimated cost: - Rs. 1, 20,000/Boiler

6. Bottle Washing, Filling & Capping Machine

Page | 23

Estimated cost:- Rs. 1, 40,000/For purchasing Baby Boiler and Bottle Washing, Filling & Capping Machine Mr. Manoj Parmar Hardik Enterprise Plot No. 1, Chamunda Compound, Near Vasanwala Compound, Opp. Kiran Dying Mill,

Udhana Surat - 395 003, Gujarat, India Phone: +(91)-(261)-3278978 Mobile: +(91)-9825278300 Email: [email protected], [email protected]

Strawberry cultivation: Garden Strawberry are a common variety of strawberry cultivated worldwide. Like other species of Fragaria (strawberries), it belongs to the family Rosaceae. Technically it is not a fruit but a false fruit, meaning the fleshy part is derived not from the plant's ovaries (achenes) but from the peg at the bottom of the bowl-shaped hypanthium that holds the ovaries. The Garden Strawberry was first bred in Europe in the early 18th century. This represents the accidental cross of Fragaria virginiana from eastern North America, which was noted for its flavor, and Fragaria chiloensis from Chile, which was noted for its large size. Cultivars of Fragaria × ananassa have replaced in commercial production the Woodland Strawberry, which was the first strawberry species cultivated in the early 17th century. Cultivation

Fragaria × ananassa 'Gariguette,' a cultivar grown in southern France. Strawberry cultivars vary remarkably in size, colour, flavour, shape, degree of fertility, season of ripening, liability to disease and constitution of plant. Some vary in foliage, and some vary materially in the relative development of their sexual Page | 25

organs. In most cases the flowers appear hermaphroditic in structure, but function as either male or female. For purposes of commercial production, plants are propagated from runners and generally distributed as either bare root plants or plugs. Cultivation follows one of two general models, annual plasticulture or a perennial system of matted rows or mounds. A small amount of strawberries are also produced in greenhouses during the off season. The bulk of modern commercial production uses the plasticulture system. In this method, raised beds are formed each year, fumigated, and covered with plastic, which prevents weed growth and erosion, under which is run irrigation tubing. Plants, usually obtained from northern nurseries, are planted through holes punched in this covering. Runners are removed from the plants as they appear, to encourage the plants to put most of their energy into fruit development. At the end of the harvest season, the plastic is removed and the plants are plowed into the ground. Because strawberry plants more than a year or two old begin to decline in productivity and fruit quality, this system of replacing the plants each year allows for improved yields and denser plantings. However, because it requires a longer growing season to allow for establishment of the plants each year, and because of the increased costs in terms of forming and covering the mounds and purchasing plants each year, it is not always practical in all areas. The other major method is to maintain the same plants from year to year. The runners of established plants should be allowed to root in the soil adjoining the plants, which should, therefore, be kept light and fine, or layered into small pots as for forcing. As soon as a few leaves are produced on each the secondary runners should be stopped. When the plants have become well-rooted they should at once be planted out. They do best in a rather strong loam, and should be kept tolerably moist. The ground should be trenched 50-100 cm deep, and supplied with plenty of manure, a good proportion of which should lie just below the roots, 25-30 cm from the surface. The plants may be put in on an average about 50-60 cm apart.

The plantation should be renewed (renovation) every second or third year, or less frequently if kept free of runners, if the old leaves are cut away after the fruit has been gathered, and if a good top-dressing of rotten dung or leaf mold is applied. A top-dressing of loam is beneficial if applied before the plants begin to grow in spring, but after that period they should not be disturbed during the summer either at root or at top. If the plants produce a large number of flower-scapes, each should, if fine large fruit is desired, have them reduced to about four of the strongest. The lowest blossoms on the scape will be found to produce the largest, earliest and best fruits. The fruit should not be gathered until it is quite ripe, and then, if possible, it should be quite dry, but not heated by the sun. Those intended for preserving are best taken without the stalk and the calyx. A mulching of straw manure put between the rows in spring serves to keep the ground moist and the fruit clean, as well as to afford nourishment to the plants. Unless required, the runners are cut off early, in order to promote the swelling of the fruit. The plants are watered during dry weather after the fruit is set, and occasionally until it begins to colour. As soon as the fruit season is over, the runners are again removed, and the ground hoed and raked. Strawberries are often grouped according to their flowering habit. Traditionally, this has consisted of a division between "June-bearing" strawberries, which bear their fruit in the early summer and "Ever-bearing" strawberries, which often bear several crops of fruit throughout the season. More recently, research has shown that strawberries actually occur in three basic flowering habits: short day, long day, and day neutral. These refer to the day length sensitivity of the plant and the type of photoperiod which induces flower formation. Day neutral cultivars produce flowers regardless of the photoperiod. Most commercial strawberries are either short day or day neutral. While rarely if ever done commercially, may also be propagated by seed, and a few seed propagated cultivars have been developed for home use. Seeds are acquired commercially or saved from fruit ripened early in the summer. They may at once be sown, either in a sheltered border outdoors or in pots, or better in March under glass, when they will produce fruits in June of the same year. The soil should be rich and light, and the seeds Page | 27

very slightly covered by sifting over them some leaf-mould or old decomposed cow dung. When the plants appear and have made five or six leaves, they are transplanted to where they are to remain for bearing. The seeds sown in pots may be helped on by gentle heat, and when the plants are large enough they are pricked out in fine rich soil, and in June transferred to the open ground for bearing. From Fertilization to Market Presently, most strawberries are fertilized by artificial fertilizers, but in the past, farmers would gently scrub each strawberry with menuer, followed by another 1-2 weeks of natural fertilization outdoors. After being fertilized outdoors, the cleaning process, which has not changed significantly through time, commences with the 6-8 million strawberries (70-90million today) placed on a shaking conveyor belt while streams of water clean the strawberries. After traveling through another 5 series of cleaning cycles, the strawberries are once again rinsed and divided into varying sizes of plastic containers to be delivered to vendors. Forcing The runners propagated for forcing are layered into 75 mm pots, filled with rich soil, and held firm by a piece of raffia, a peg or stone. If kept duly watered they will soon form independent plants. The earlier they are secured the better. When firmly rooted they are removed and transferred into well-drained 150 mm pots, of strong well-enriched loam, the soil being rammed firmly into the pots, which are to be set in an open airy place. In severe frosts they should be covered with dry litter or bracken, but do not necessarily require to be placed under glass. They are moved into the forcing houses as required. The main points to be kept in view in forcing strawberries are: •

use strong stocky plants, the leaves of which have grown sturdily from being well exposed to light, and

•

grow them slowly until the fruit is set.

When they are first introduced into heat, the temperature should not exceed 8°C to 10°C, and air must be freely admitted; should the leaves appear to grow up thin and delicate, less fire heat and more air must be given, but an average temperature of 13°C by day may be allowed and continued while the plants are in flower. When the fruit is set the heat may be gradually increased, till at the ripening period it stands at 18°C to 24°C by sun heat. While the fruit is swelling the plants should never be allowed to get dry, but when it begins to colour no more water should be given than is absolutely requisite to keep the leaves from flagging. The plants should be removed from the house as soon as the crop is gathered. The forced plants properly hardened make firstrate outdoor plantations, and if put out early in summer, in good ground, will often produce a useful autumnal crop. Pests A number of species of Lepidoptera feed on strawberry plants; for details see this list. The grubs of the cockchafer (Meloloniha vulgaris) and the rose chafer (Cetonia aurata) frequently feed upon the roots of the strawberry and do considerable damage, while the larvae of the Ghost Moth (Hepialus humuli) and garden swift moth behave in a similar way. The imago of Cetonia aurala also frequently damages the flowers of the strawberry by devouring their centres, and is often troublesome in this way in forcing-houses particularly. The carnivorous ground beetles, particularly Pterostichus nigra and Harpalus rufimanus, when the fruit is ripe attack it at night, returning to the soil in the daytime. They are to be caught by placing jars containing some attractive matter, such as meat and water, at intervals about the beds with their mouths sunk level with the surface of the soil. Millipedes also are often found in the ripe fruit, but occur mostly where the soil is very rich in organic matter and poor in lime. Slugs and snails also snack on the fruit, as do birds. Slug pellets can be used to reduce their numbers, with child and animal safe versions available. Organic solutions to slug attacks include beer baiting.

Page | 29

Diseases See also: List of strawberry diseases The most troublesome fungoid attacks to which the strawberry is subject are mildew, leaf spot and leaf blight. The former, like all mildews, attacks the leaves and spreads to the fruit, these being covered with the white mycelium. The fungus is identical with that causing mildew in hops (Sphaerotheca humuli), and its development is greatly furthered by exposure of its host to cold draughts or low night temperatures. Spraying the foliage with potassium sulfide (K2S) (mixed with water at a 1:40 ratio by volume) should hold it in check, but the plants should not be sprayed when the fruit is developing. Leaf spot is caused by the fungus Sphaerella fragariae, The first symptom of this attack is the appearance of small, circular, white spots on the leaves, having a broad, definite, dark reddish margin. On these spots a whitish mould develops, and this is followed later by the perfect form of the fungus, the fruits of which appear to the naked eye as small black spots seated on the white dead spot on the leaf. Potassium sulfide may be used as for the mildew, or, perhaps better, Bordeaux mixture. Some recommend cutting off the leaves after fruiting and turn the beds over so as to destroy the fungus in the leaves. Leaf blight is caused by the fungus Phomopsis obscurans. The symptoms begin as one to several circular reddish-purple spots on a leaflet. Spots enlarge to V-shaped lesions with a light brown inner zone and dark brown outer zone. Lesions follow major veins progressing inward. A copper sulphate containing spray like Bordeaux mixture will help control this disease. Nutrition One cup (144 g) of strawberries constitutes approximately 45 calories (188 kJ) and is an excellent source of vitamin C and flavonoids. Nutrient

Units

1 cup, whole

144 g Proximates Water g Energy kcal Energy kJ Protein g Total lipid (fat) g Carbohydrate, by difference g Fibre, total dietary g Ash g Minerals Calcium, Ca mg Iron, Fe mg Magnesium, Mg mg Phosphorus, P mg Potassium, K mg Sodium, Na mg Zinc, Zn mg Copper, Cu mg Manganese, Mn mg Selenium, Se µg Vitamins Vitamin C, ascorbic acid mg Thiamin mg Riboflavin mg Niacin mg Pantothenic acid mg Vitamin B-6 mg Folate µg Vitamin B-12 µg Vitamin A, IU IU Vitamin A, RE µg RE Vitamin E mg ATE 1 cup, Nutrient

Units

132 43 181 0.88 0.53 10.1 3.3 0.62 20 0.55 14 27 240 1.44 0.19 0.07 0.42 1.01 82 0.03 0.10 0.33 0.49 0.09 25 0 39 4.3 0.20

whole 144 g

Lipids Fatty acids, saturated 16:0 18:0

g g g

0.03 0.02 0.006 Page | 31

Fatty acids, monounsaturated g 16:1 g 18:1 g Fatty acids, polyunsaturated g 18:2 g 18:3 g Cholesterol mg Phytosterols mg Amino acids Tryptophan g Threonine g Isoleucine g Leucine g Lysine g Methionine g Cystine g Phenylalanine g Tyrosine g Valine g Arginine g Histidine g Alanine g Aspartic acid g Glutamic acid g Glycine g Proline g Serine g

0.075 0.001 0.073 0.27 0.16 0.11 0 17 0.01 0.027 0.02 0.045 0.036 0.001 0.007 0.026 0.030 0.026 0.037 0.017 0.045 0.20 0.13 0.035 0.027 0.033

PHOTO OF THE DOCUMENTATION:-

AUTHORIZED SIGNATORY

APPLICATION FOR THE LICENCSE UNDER THE FRUIT PRODUCT ORDER, 1955

1. NAME OF APPLICANT: ADDRESS:-

AJIT DHAYGUDE A/P: -AHIRE TEHSIL: -KHANDALA DISTRICT: -SATARA , MAHARASHTRA. (412802)

NAME OF THE PROPRIATOR: -

2. ADDRESS OF THE FACTORY:-

AJIT DHAYGUDE

Plot No. 35A, Old MIDC, Bhilar, Panchagani Tehsil- Mahabaleshwar Dist.- Satara Maharashtra. (412806)

2(A) ADDRESS OF THE GODOWNS OF FINISHED PRODUCTS:Plot No. 35A, Old MIDC, Bhilar, Panchagani Tehsil- Mahabaleshwar Dist.- Satara Maharashtra. (412806) 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE PRODUCT:-

STRWABERRY SYRUP

4. PERIOD FOR WHICH LICENCSE REQUIRED:-

5 YEARS

5. LIST OF THE EQUIPMENTS:Fruit washing tanks Page | 33

Juice extractors Steam-jacketed kettle Stirrer Baby Boiler Bottle Washing, Filling & Capping Machine Testing Equipments, Weighing Scales etc. 6. A) WHETHER ANY POWER IS USED IN THE MANUFACTUR OF FRUIT PRODUCTS. IF SO, STATE THE EXACT POWER IS USED:------ 50 HP for 1500 Ltrs. B) INSTALLED CAPACITY FOR 8 Hr SHIFT ----- 6 Ton’s/8 Hr 7. LICENSE FEE PAID DURING THE PREVIOUS YEAR----- NIL 8. TOTAL VALUE OF PRODUCTS MANUFACTURED DURING LAST YEAR ------ NIL 9. I HERE BY UNDERTAKE TO COMPLY WITH ALL PROVISIONS OF FRUIT PRODUCT ORDER, 1955. 10. I HAVE FORWARDED A SUM RUPEES IN RESPECTOF THE LICENSE FEE DUE ACCORDING TO PROVISIONS OF FRUIT PRODUCT ORDER, 1955.

……………………. (SIGNATURE OF APPLICANT)

LICENCE NO. FPO --- APSTR237/AD/2009 1. NAME AND ADDRESS OF LICENSE 2. ADDRESS OF AUTHORIZED PREMISES 3. CHANGE OF PREMISES IF ANY

THE LICENSE IS GRANTED UNDER AND IS SUBJECT TO PROVISION OF F.P.O., 1955 ALL MUST BE COMPLIED WITH BY LICENSEE. PLACE- MAHABALESHWAR DATE- 15 FEB 2009 LICENCSE OFFICER, DIRECTOR (FRUIT & VEGETABLE PRESERVATION), DEPARTMENT OF FOOD PERIOD OF VALIDITY

VALIDATION AND RENEWABLE ITEMS OF CATEGORY LICENSE FRUIT OF LICENSE FEE PAID PRODUCTS AUTHORIZED TO MANUFACTURE /LABELLING

SIGNATURE OF LICENSING OFFICER

Page | 35

LICENCE NO. FPO --- APSTR237/AD/2009 NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE LICENSE:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Page | 37