Stpm Data Booklet

Nilai ciri bagi penyerapan inframerah disebabkan oleh getaran regangan dalam molekul organik (Characteristic values for infrared absorption due to stretching vibrations in organic molecules)

Ikatan (Bond)

C–H

alkana, alkena, arena (alkanes, alkenes, arenes)

C=C C≡C C=O C–O

aldehid, keton, asid, ester (aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters) alkohol, eter, ester (alcohols, ethers, esters)

C≡N C – Cl

O–H

N–H

‘bebas’ (‘free’) ‘berikatan hidrogen’ dalam alkohol, fenol (‘hydrogen-bonded’ in alcohols, phenols) ‘berikatan hidrogen’ dalam asid (‘hydrogen-bonded’ in acids) amina primer (primary amines)

Julat ciri (Characteristic ranges) Nombor gelombang (salingan panjang gelombang) [Wavenumber (reciprocal wavelength)] /cm–1 hingga 3095 2840 (to) hingga 1610 1680 (to) hingga 2070 2250 (to) hingga 1750 1680 (to) hingga 1300 1000 (to) hingga 2200 2280 (to) hingga 800 700 (to) hingga 3580 3670 (to) hingga 3230 3550 (to) hingga 3300 2500 (to) hingga 3350 3500 (to)

BUKU DATA (DATA BOOKLET) KANDUNGAN (CONTENTS) Mata pelajaran (Subject)

Halaman (Page)

960 Fizik (960 Physics)

2

962 Kimia (962 Chemistry)

3–8

Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia Bandar Baru Selayang 2003 8

2 Pectuan jatuh bebas

Pemalar graviti

Pemalar Boltzmann

Pemalar Avogadro

Pemalar gas molar

Jisim rehat proton

Jisim rehat elektron

Unit jism atom bersatu

Pemalar Planck

Magnitud cas electron

Ketelusan ruang bebas

Ketelapan ruang bebas

Laju cahaya dalam ruang bebas

(Acceleration of free fall)

(Gravitational constant)

(Boltzmann constant)

(Avogadro constant)

(Molar gas constant)

(Rest mass of proton)

(Rest mass of electron)

(Unified atomic mass unit)

(Planck constant)

(Magntiude of electronic charge)

(Permittivity of free space)

(Permeability of free space)

(Speed of light in free space)

960 FIZIK (960 PHYSICS) Nilai Pemalar (Values of constants)

g

G

k

L, NA

R

mp

me

u

h

e

ε0

μ0

c

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

≈

=

=

=

9.81 m s–2

6.67 × 10 –11 N m2 kg–2

1.38 × 10–23 J K–1

6.02 × 1023 mol–1

8.31 J K–1 mol–1

1.67 × 10–27 kg

9.11 × 10–31 kg

1.66 × 10–27 kg

6.63 × 10–34 J s

1.60 × 10–19 C

(1/(36π)) × 10–9 F m–1

8.85 × 10–12 F m–1

4π × 10–7 H m–1

3.00 × 108 m s–1

Tindak balas (Reaction)

Mg2+ + 2e– 2+

Mn + 2e

–

NO3 + 3H + 2e

–

–

Zn + 2e Zn – 0.76 Supaya ringkas, molekul air terkoordinat tidak dimasukkan untuk ion kompleks. (For simplicity, coordinated water molecules have not been included for complex ions.) 2+

–

Mn + e

MnO2 + 4H + 2e –

MnO4 + e

MnO4 + 4H + 3e

MnO4 + 8H + 5e NO3 + 2H + e

NO3 + 10H + 8e +

Na + e

Ni + 2e

[Ni(NH3)6] + 2e H2O2 + 2H + 2e O2 + 4H + 4e

O2 + 2H2O + 4e +

O2 + 2H + 2e

– + –

– + –

Mn + 4H2O

+ 1.52

–

NO2 + H2O + 0.81

+ –

HNO2 + H2O + 0.94

+ –

NH4 + 3H2O

+ 0.87

–

Na – 2.71

2+ –

Ni – 0.25

2+ –

Ni + 6NH3 – 0.51

+ –

2H2O + 1.77

+ –

2H2O + 1.23

–

4OH –

+ 0.40

–

H2O2

+

2H2O + 2e Pb + 2e

Pb + 2e

PbO2 + 4H + 2e Sn + 2e

Sn + 2e Ti + 2e 3+

Ti + e

–

–

7

Eθ / V

Mg

3+ –

+ –

Mn + 2H2O

+ 1.23

–

MnO4 2–

+ 0.56

MnO2 + 2H2O + 1.67

Mn

–

H2 + 2OH

2+ –

Pb

4+ –

+ –

2+ –

4+ –

Sn

2+ –

Ti

Pb

Ti

– 2.38

Mn 2+

– 1.18

2+

2+

2+

+ 1.49

2+

+

–

+ 0.68

– 0.83

2+

– 0.13

+ 1.69

2+

Pb + 2H2O

+ 1.47

Sn – 0.14

+ 0.15 – 1.63

– 0.37

Cu + 2e +

–

2Cr + 7H2O + 1.33

–

Cu + 0.52

–

2+

Cu

[Cu(NH3)4] + 2e 2+

Fe + e

[Fe(CN)6] + e 3+

–

3–

–

2H + 2e +

Cr

Cu + e

Fe + 2e

Fe + 3e

Fe(OH)3 + e

H2 + 2e

I2 + 2e

K +e

Li + e

6 2+

3+

–

2H

–

2I –

+

–

+

– –

– 0.41

–

Cu

–

Cu + 4NH3 +

+ 0.34

+ 0.15

–

F2 + 2e 2F

2+

–

Fe – 0.44

3+

–

Fe – 0.04

–

– 0.05

2+

Fe

4–

+ 0.77

–

[Fe(CN)6]

Fe(OH)2 + OH

–

H2 –

+ 0.36

– 0.56

0.00

– 2.25

+ 0.54

K – 2.92

Li – 3.04

3

150 Sm 62 244 Pu 94

55.8 Fe 26 101 Ru 44 190 Os 76

152 Eu 63 243 Am 95

58.9 Co 27 103 Rh 45 192 Ir 77

157 Gd 64 247 Cm 96

58.7 Ni 28 106 Pd 46 195 Pt 78

159 Tb 65 247 Bk 97

63.5 Cu 29 108 Ag 47 197 Au 79

a = jisim atom relatif (relative atomic mass) X = simbol atom (atomic symbol) b = nombor proton (proton number)

+ 2.87

145 Pm 61 237 Np 93

– 0.74

144 Nd 60 238 U 92

Cr

141 Pr 59 231 Pa 91

2+ –

140 Ce 58 232 Th 90

Cu + e 3+

139 La 57 227 Ac 89

– 0.91

–

54.9 Mn 25 98 Tc 43 186 Re 75

Cr

3+

52.0 Cr 24 95.9 Mo 42 184 W 74

+ 1.64

–

50.9 V 23 92.9 Nb 41 181 Ta 73

Cl2 + 2H2O

2+

47.9 Ti 22 91.2 Zr 40 178 Hf 72

+ 1.36

–

45.0 Sc 21 88.9 Y 39 La to Lu Ac to Lr

Cr + e 163 Dy 66 251 Cf 98

65.4 Zn 30 112 Cd 48 201 Hg 80

12

165 Ho 67 252 Es 99

10.8 B 5 27.0 Al 13 69.7 Ga 31 115 In 49 204 Tl 81

13 (III)

167 Er 68 257 Fm 100

12.0 C 6 28.1 Si 14 72.6 Ge 32 119 Sn 50 207 Pb 82

14 (IV)

– 2.87

b

Cr + 3e 2Cl

+ –

a X

Cr + 2e –

9.0 Be 4 24.3 Mg 12 40.1 Ca 20 87.6 Sr 38 137 Ba 56 226 Ra 88

+

Ca

+ 1.07

11

Cl2 + 2e

169 Tm 69 258 Md 101

14.0 N 7 31.0 P 15 74.9 As 33 122 Sb 51 209 Bi 83

15 (V)

– 2.90

10

2HOCl + 2H + 2e 2Br

–

–

9

173 Yb 70 259 No 102

16.0 O 8 32.1 S 16 79.0 Se 34 128 Te 52 209 Po 84

16 (VI)

Ba

8

Ca + 2e

–

7

– 1.66

–

6

Al

2+

5

Cr2O7 + 14H + 6e 2–

+ 0.80

–

4

Br2 + 2e

3

Ba + 2e

2 (II)

2+

1 (I) 1.0 H 1 6.9 Li 3 23.0 Na 11 39.1 K 19 85.5 Rb 37 133 Cs 55 223 Fr 87

Al + 3e

Ag

3+

Kumpulan (Group)

Ag+ + e–

962 KIMIA (962 CHEMISTRY) Jadual Berkala (Periodic Table)

175 Lu 71 262 Lr 103

19.0 F 9 35.5 Cl 17 79.9 Br 35 127 I 53 210 At 85

17 (VII)

18 (VIII) 4.0 He 2 20.2 Ne 10 40.0 Ar 18 83.8 Kr 36 131 Xe 54 222 Rn 86

Elektrod piawai dan keupayaan penurunan piawai (pada suhu 298 K = 25 °C) [Standard electrode and reduction potentials (at 298 K = 25 °C)] Tindak balas Eθ / V (Reaction)

4 (Mass of electron, e) (Electronic charge) (Molar volume of gas) [stp is expressed approximately as 101 kPa and 273 K (0 °C)] (Ionic product of water)

(Specific heat capacity of water)

Jisim elektron, e Cas elektron Isipadu molar gas [stp dinyatakan secara hampir sebagai 101 kPa dan 273 K (0 °C) Hasil darab ion bagi air

Muatan haba tentu air

(Mass of neutron, n)

Jisim neutron, n

Kw

Vm

e

me

mn

mp

(Mass of proton, H)

Jisim proton, H

24.4 dm3 mol–1 pada suhu 25 °C (at 25 °C) =

4.18 kJ kg–1 K–1 4.18 J g–1 K–1

= =

1.00 × 10–14 mol2 dm–6 pada 298 K (25 °C) [at 298 K (25 °C)]

22.4 dm3 mol–1 pada stp (at stp) =

=

–1.60 × 10–19 C

9.11 × 10–31 kg

1.67 × 10–27 kg

1.67 × 10–27 kg

3.00 × 108 m s–1

6.63 × 10–34 J s

6.02 × 1023 mol–1

9.65 × 104 C mol–1

8.31 J K–1 mol–1

=

=

=

=

=

Laju cahaya dalam vakum

c

(Planck constant)

Pemalar Planck

=

L

(Speed of light in a vacuum)

(Avogadro constant)

Pemalar Avogadro

=

F

=

(Faraday constant)

Pemalar Faraday

=

R

h

(Gas constant)

Pemalar gas

Nilai, Pemalar, dan Piawaian Penting (Important Values, Constants, and Standards)

H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge Br Sr Sn I Ba Pb Tenaga pengionan pertama, kedua, ketiga, dan keempat bagi unsur terpilih, dalam kJ mol–1 (First, second, third, and fourth ionisation energies of selected elements, in kJ mol–1) Nombor Pertama Kedua Ketiga Keempat proton (Proton (First) (Second) (Third) (Fourth) number) 1 1310 – – – 2 2370 5250 – – 3 519 7300 11800 – 4 900 1760 14800 21000 5 799 2420 3660 25000 6 1090 2350 4610 6220 7 1400 2860 4590 7480 8 1310 3390 5320 7450 9 1680 3370 6040 8410 10 2080 3950 6150 9290 11 494 4560 6940 9540 12 736 1450 7740 10500 13 577 1820 2740 11600 14 786 1580 3230 4360 15 1060 1900 2920 4960 16 1000 2260 3390 4540 17 1260 2300 3850 5150 18 1520 2660 3950 5770 19 418 3070 4600 5860 20 590 1150 4940 6480 21 632 1240 2390 7110 22 661 1310 2720 4170 23 648 1370 2870 4600 24 653 1590 2990 4770 25 716 1510 3250 5190 26 762 1560 2960 5400 27 757 1640 3230 5100 28 736 1750 3390 5400 29 745 1960 3550 5690 30 908 1730 3828 5980 31 577 1980 2960 6190 32 762 1540 3300 4390 35 1140 2080 3460 4850 38 548 1060 4120 5440 50 707 1410 2940 3930 53 1010 1840 2040 4030 56 502 966 3390 5000 82 716 1450 3080 4080 5