Stockage Denrees.pdf

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‫ﺍﻟﺗﺧﺯﻳﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺩﻣﺔ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺇﻥ ﺗﺧﺯﻳﻥ ﺍﻷﻏﺫﻳﺔ ﻣﻬﻡ ﻟﺿﻣﺎﻥ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺗﻣﻭﻳﻥ ﻣﻼﺋﻣﺔ ﻭ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﻣﺗﻭﺍﺻﻝ ﻭ ﻛﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻟﻣﻭﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻠﺑﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺎﻛﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻗﺩ ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺗﺭﻳﺎﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻛﻥ ﺇﻥ ﻟﻡ ﺗﺣﺗﺭﻡ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺭﻁﻭﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﺩﻭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺯﻭﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻠﻳﻑ ﻭ ﺣﻣﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺯﻧﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻳﺗﺳﺑﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻑ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﻳﺭ ﺻﺎﻟﺣﺔ ﻟﻼﺳﺗﻬﻼﻙ ﻣﻣﺎ ﻳﺧﻔﺽ ﻣﺩﺓ ﺻﻼﺣﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﻏﺫﻳﺔ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﻛﺑﻳﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺇﻥ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻛﻡ ﺑﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺗﺧﺯﻳﻥ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺳﺑﺏ ﺍﻟﺭﺋﻳﺳﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻑ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺋﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺛﻧﺎء ﺗﺧﺯﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺋﻳﺔ ﻳﺟﺏ ﺍﻷﺧﺫ ﺑﻌﻳﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﺗﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﻟﻳﺔ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫ﺍﺣﺗﺭﺍﻡ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺟﺑﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻟﺑﺔ‬

‫‪-‬‬

‫ﺗﺣﺩﻳﺩ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺭﻳﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺋﻳﺔ‬

‫‪-‬‬

‫ﺣﻣﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺋﻳﺔ‬

‫‪-‬‬

‫ﺍﺣﺗﺭﺍﻡ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺻﻼﺣﻳﺔ‬

‫ﺗﻌﻠﻳﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺧﺯﻳﻥ‬ ‫‪ .1‬ﻳﺟﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﺻﻝ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺋﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻷﺧﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﺧﺗﻼﻁﻬﻣﺎ ﻗﺩ ﻳﺗﺳﺑﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺋﻳﺔ )ﺗﻠﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﻣﺗﺑﺎﺩﻝ(‬

‫ﺗﻌﻠﻳﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺧﺯﻳﻥ‬ ‫‪ .2‬ﺍﺣﺗﺭﺍﻡ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻳﺩﺧﻝ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻳﺧﺭﺝ )‪ ،(FIFO‬ﻫﺫﺍ ﻳﺳﻣﺢ ﺑﺎﺳﺗﻬﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺯﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻳﻡ ﻭ ﺑﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎﺩﻱ ﺗﻠﻑ ﺍﻷﻏﺫﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺯﻥ‪ .‬ﻫﺫﺍ ﻳﻌﻧﻲ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﺗﻡ ﺷﺭﺍﺋﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺗﺩﺧﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺯﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﺟﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﺗﺧﺭﺝ ﻭ ﺗﺳﺗﻬﻠﻙ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﻠﻳﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺧﺯﻳﻥ‬ ‫‪ .3‬ﺍﻟﺗﺄﻛﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺗﻌﺭﻳﻑ ﻭ ﻋﻧﻭﻧﺔ ﻛﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺋﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻧﻭﻧﺔ ﺗﺳﻣﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﺗﻌﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺋﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻭﺻﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻳﻬﺎ ﺑﺳﻬﻭﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻣﺎ ﻳﺳﺎﻋﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺟﻧﺏ ﺍﻻﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻐﻳﺭ ﻣﻘﺻﻭﺩ ﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺃﺧﺭﻯ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﻠﻳﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺧﺯﻳﻥ‬ ‫‪ .4‬ﺍﻟﺗﺭﻛﻳﺯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻅﻬﺎﺭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺻﻼﺣﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻫﺫﺍ ﻳﺳﺎﻋﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﻁﺎء ﻓﻛﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻣﺩﺓ ﺻﻼﺣﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺋﻳﺔ ﻣﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺳﻬﻝ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺗﺳﻳﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺯﻭﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺻﻼﺣﻳﺔ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺩﺭ ﻹﻧﺗﻬﺎء ﺍﻟﺻﻼﺣﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻡ ﺗﺟﺎﻭﺯﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻓﻲ ﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺗﺧﺯﻳﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺻﻭﺹ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻣﻛﻥ ﺃﻻ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻟﻠﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺋﻳﺔ ﻧﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﺟﻭﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﻅﺭﺓ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻬﻠﻙ‪ .‬ﻻ ﻳﺟﻭﺯ ﺗﺳﻭﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺋﻳﺔ ﺑﻌﺩ ﺍﻧﺗﻬﺎء ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﺻﻼﺣﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪(Décret exécutif n°05-484 du 20 Dhou El Kaada 1426 correspondant au 22 décembre 2005‬‬ ‫‪modifiant et complétant le décret exécutif n°90-367 du 10 novembre 1990 relatif à l’étiquetage et‬‬ ‫)‪à la présentation des denrées alimentaires‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﻠﻳﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺧﺯﻳﻥ‬ ‫‪ .5‬ﻳﺗﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﺧﺯﻳﻥ ﻓﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻭﻑ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻫﺫﺍ ﻳﺣﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺯﻧﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﺎﺥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺎء ﻭ ﺍﻟﺣﺷﺭﺍﺕ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﻠﻳﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺧﺯﻳﻥ‬ ‫‪ .6‬ﺗﺟﻧﺏ ﺍﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺻﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺧﺷﺑﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺗﺑﺭﻳﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﻣﻧﺻﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺧﺷﺑﻳﺔ ﺗﺅﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺣﺷﺭﺍﺕ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﻠﻳﻣﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫‪ .1‬ﺗﺧﺯﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺧﻔﻳﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﻫﺫﺍ ﻳﺳﺎﻋﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﻳﻭﻣﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺟﻧﺏ ﺍﻟﺣﻭﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺟﻣﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺳﻘﻭﻁ ﺍﻷﺷﻳﺎء‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺛﻘﻳﻠﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﻠﻳﻣﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫‪ .2‬ﻳﺟﺏ ﻏﻠﻖ ﺍﻷﻛﻳﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻣﻔﺗﻭﺣﺔ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﻣﺣﻛﻡ )ﺍﻟﺭﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺳﻛﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻁﺣﻳﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺦ ‪ (...‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﻔﺭﻳﻎ ﻣﺣﺗﻭﺍﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻭﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻠﻘﺔ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻧﻭﻧﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺣﺩﻳﺩ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻓﺗﺢ ﺍﻷﻛﻳﺎﺱ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺻﻼﺣﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻲ )ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻧﻭﻥ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻛﻳﺎﺱ(‪،‬‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﻳﻣﻧﻊ ﺗﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻁﺭﻳﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺣﺷﺭﺍﺕ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﺗﺑﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﻁﻭﺑﺔ ﻫﻧﺎ ﻧﻘﻁﺔ ﺣﺭﺟﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﻠﻳﻣﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫‪ .3‬ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺗﻠﻑ ﻳﺟﺏ ﻧﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻏﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺗﺑﺭﻳﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺛﻼﺟﺔ ﺑﻌﺩ ﻓﺗﺣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻣﺎ ﻳﺟﺏ ﻋﻧﻭﻧﺗﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺣﺩﻳﺩ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﻓﺗﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﺑﺔ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻧﺗﻬﺎء ﺍﻟﺻﻼﺣﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺟﺩﻳﺩ )ﺑﻌﺩ ﻓﺗﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﺏ ﻳﺗﻐﻳﺭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻧﺗﻬﺎء ﺍﻟﺻﻼﺣﻳﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺟﺩﻳﺩ ﺃﻗﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻲ(‪ ،‬ﻫﺫﺍ ﻳﺳﻣﺢ ﺑﺣﻔﻅ ﺟﻳﺩ ﻟﻠﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺗﺟﻧﺏ ﺍﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺩ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻧﺗﻬﺎء ﺻﻼﺣﻳﺗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺟﺩﻳﺩ ﺑﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﺗﺢ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺗﺧﺯﻳﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺗﺑﺭﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺟﺑﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻟﺑﺔ‬ ‫‪ .1‬ﺑﺟﺏ ﺗﺣﺩﻳﺩ ﻣﺣﺗﻭﻯ ﻛﻝ ﻏﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺗﺑﺭﻳﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺛﻼﺟﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻫﺫﺍ ﻳﺳﻣﺢ ﺑﻣﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻣﻛﺎﻥ ﺗﺧﺯﻳﻥ ﻛﻝ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﺳﻬﻭﻟﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻏﺭﻓﺔ ﺗﺑﺭﻳﺩ ﺳﺎﻟﺑﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪02‬‬ ‫ﺳﻣــﻙ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺗﺧﺯﻳﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺗﺑﺭﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺟﺑﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻟﺑﺔ‬ ‫‪ .2‬ﻻ ﺗﺗﺭﻙ ﺍﻷﺑﻭﺍﺏ ﻣﻔﺗﻭﺣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺫﺍ ﻳﺅﺛﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻋﻧﺩﻣﺎ ﺗﺗﺭﻙ ﺍﻷﺑﻭﺍﺏ ﻣﻔﺗﻭﺣﺔ ﻟﻣﺩﺓ ﻁﻭﻳﻠﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺗﺧﺯﻳﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺗﺑﺭﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺟﺑﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻟﺑﺔ‬ ‫‪ .3‬ﻓﻲ ﻏﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺗﺑﺭﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺟﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﺟﺏ ﺍﻟﺗﺄﻛﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻁﺑﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺿﺭﺓ )ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻁﺔ( ﻭ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺳﻳﺗﻡ ﺗﻘﺩﻳﻣﻬﺎ ﻓﻳﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺻﻭﻟﺔ ﺗﻣﺎﻣﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻳﺔ ﻭ ﻣﻐﻠﻔﺔ ﺗﻣﺎﻣﺎ ﺑﻭﺍﺳﻁﺔ ﻏﺷﺎء ﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻛﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻧﻭﻧﺔ ﻭ ﻣﺣﺩﺩ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺎﺝ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎﻝ ﻏﺭﻓﺔ ﺗﺑﺭﻳﺩ ﻟﺗﺧﺯﻳﻥ ﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺗﺧﺯﻳﻥ ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻏﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺑﺭﻳﺩ ﺗﺿﺑﻁ ﺑﺄﺧﺫ ﺑﻌﻳﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺗﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺻﻐﺭﻯ‪.‬‬

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