Spm Percubaan 2008 Mrsm Biology Paper 2

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Section A Bahagian A [60 marks] [60 markah] Answer all questions in this section Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini

1.

Diagram 1 shows a somatic cell in an organism. Rajah 1 menunjukkan sel soma suatu organisma.

Q: S: T:

R:

Diagram 1.1 Rajah 1.1 (a)

(i) Name structures Q, R, S and T in Diagram 1.1. Namakan struktur Q, R, S dan T dalam Rajah 1.1. [ 2 marks ] [ 2 markah ] (ii) State the function of R. Nyatakan fungsi R. ..................................................................................................................................... [ 1 mark ] [ 1 markah ]

(b)

Name the substance that makes up R. Namakan bahan yang membina struktur R. ........................................................................................................................................... [ 1 mark ] [ 1 markah ]

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The somatic cell in Diagram 1.1 undergoes cell division as shown in Diagram 1.2 and Diagram 1.3 Sel soma dalam Rajah 1.1 menjalani pembahagian sel seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 1.2 dan Rajah 1.3 State the behaviour of the chromosomes in the spaces provided. Nyatakan perlakuan kromosom dalam ruang yang disediakan . Metaphase in mitosis Metafasa mitosis

Metaphase I in meiosis Metafasa I meiosis

Diagram 1.2 Rajah 1.2

Diagram 1.3 Rajah 1.3

Behaviour of chromosome. Perlakuan kromosom.

Behaviour of chromosome. Perlakuan kromosom.

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[ 2 marks ] [ 2 markah ] (d)

State the number of daughter cells and number of chromosomes produced at the end of the process as in Diagram 1.3 Nyatakan bilangan sel anak dan bilangan kromosom yang akan terhasil di akhir proses dalam Rajah 1.3 (i) Number of daughter cells / Bilangan sel anak

: ....................................................

(ii) Number of chromosomes / Bilangan kromosom : ..................................................... [ 2 marks ] [ 2 markah ] 4551/2 © 2008 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan dan Latihan (Menengah) MARA

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(f)

Name two cells produced through meiosis in humans. Namakan dua sel yang terhasil melalui meiosis pada manusia. 1

: ...................................................................................................................................

2

: ................................................................................................................................... [ 2 marks ] [ 2 markah ]

Diagram 1.4 and Diagram 1.5 shows the regeneration of a lizard tail. Rajah 1.4 dan Rajah 1.5 menunjukkan proses pertumbuhan semula ekor cicak.

Diagram 1.4 Rajah 1.4

Diagram 1.5 Rajah 1.5

Explain the process that causes the changes in the structure of the lizard tail from Diagram 1.4 to Diagram 1.5 Terangkan proses yang menyebabkan perubahan struktur ekor cicak dari Rajah 1.4 kepada Rajah 1.5 ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [ 3 marks] [ 3 markah ]

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2. Diagram 2.1 shows the changing process in an abandoned mining pond. Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan proses perubahan yang berlaku dalam sebuah kolam terbiar. Q P

Q

Primary forest

Diagram 2.1 / Rajah 2.1 (a) What type of plants are P and Q? Apakah jenis tumbuhan P dan Q? Plant P / Tumbuhan P : ………………………………..……………………..……… Plant Q / Tumbuhan Q : ……………………………………………………………… [ 2 marks ] [ 2 markah ] (b) Q is a successor to P plants. Describe the role of Q as a successor plant. Q adalah penyesar pada tumbuhan P. Terangkan bagaimana Q berperanan sebagai tumbuhan penyesar. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [ 3 marks ] [ 3 markah ] 4551/2 © 2008 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan dan Latihan (Menengah) MARA

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1m Diagram 2.2 / Rajah 2.2

1m Key / Kekunci: Pandanus plant Pokok pandan

(c)

Emergent/ amphibious plant Tumbuhan amfibia

Herbaceous plant Tumbuhan herba

A group of students carried out an experiment to estimate the distribution of plants in a pond that has dried up. Diagram 2.2 shows 8 quadrats (1m2 each) covered by the plants. Sekumpulan pelajar telah menjalankan eksperimen untuk menganggar taburan tumbuhan dalam kolam yang telah kering. Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan 8 kuadrat yang meliputi keluasan 1m2 setiap satu. Formula :

(i)

Frequency = Number of quadrats containing the spesies X 100 Number of quadrats Frekuensi = Bilangan kuadrat mengandungi spesies X 100 Jumlah kuadrat

Explain how the students can determine the frequency of the plants in the experiment. Terangkan bagaimana kumpulan pelajar itu boleh menentukan frekuensi tumbuhan dalam eksperimen tersebut. ............................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................ [ 4 marks ] [ 4 markah ]

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What is the density of herbaceous plants in Diagram 2.2? Show the calculations below. Berapakah ketumpatan tumbuhan herba dalam Rajah 2.2? Tunjukkan langkah-langkah pengiraan di bawah.

[ 2 marks ] [ 2 markah ]

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3. Diagram 3.1 shows a sequence in the development of the embryo sac. Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan turutan dalam perkembangan pundi embryo

Mitosis Mitosis

X

Mitosis Mitosis

Degenerate cells Sel yang merosot Embryo sac mother cell Sel induk pundi embrio Three antipodal cells Tiga sel antipodal

Cell P Sel P Haploid cells Sel haploid

Y

Two polar nuclei Dua nucleus kutub Egg cell Sel telur Sinergid cell Sel sinergid Mature embryo sac Pundi embrio matang

Young embryo sac Pundi embrio muda

Diagram 3.1 Rajah 3.1 (a)

(b)

Name cell P. Namakan sel P. ….……………………………………………………………..……………………… [ 1 mark ] [ 1 markah ] Name the processes Namakan proses (i) X : ……………………………………….…………………………….………… (ii) Y : ……………………………………….………………………………….…… [ 2 marks ] [ 2 markah ]

(c)

In the box provided, draw the cell produced from process Y. Pada kotak yang disediakan, lukis sel yang dihasilkan daripada proses Y. [ 1 mark ] [ 1 markah ]

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Diagrams 3.2 and Diagram 3.3 below shows an embryo sac during fertilisation in two different plants. Rajah 3.2 dan Rajah 3.3 dibawah menunjukkan pundi embrio semasa proses persenyawaan pada dua tumbuhan yang berbeza.

Pollen tube Tiub debunga

Structure P Struktur P

Diagram 3.2 / Rajah 3.2 Structure P Struktur P

Pollen tube Tiub debunga

Diagram 3.3 / Rajah 3.3 State two differences between Diagram 3.2 and Diagram 3.3 in terms of : Nyatakan dua perbezaan antara Rajah 3.2 dan Rajah 3.3 dari segi : Process of fertilization / Proses persenyawaan : ….….………………………..….. …………...………………………..………………………………………………… Product of fertilization / Hasil persenyawaan : ….….………………………..……. …………....………………………..………………………………………………… [ 2 marks ] [ 2 markah ] 4551/2 © 2008 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan dan Latihan (Menengah) MARA

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(e) Structure P in Diagram 3.2 and Diagram 3.3 has to be kept dormant for future research purposes. Struktur P dalam Rajah 3.2 dan Rajah 3.3 perlu disimpan dalam keadaan dorman untuk kajian pada masa akan datang. (i)

Explain how P can be prevented from germinating. Terangkan bagaimana P boleh dicegah daripada bercambah. .............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................... [2 marks ] [ 2 markah ]

(ii)

After being dormant for two years, suggest one method to stimulate the germination of P. Setelah dua tahun menjadi dorman, cadangkan satu kaedah untuk merangsang percambahan P. ………………………………………………………………………...………… [1 mark ] [1 markah ]

(f)

Method 1 Kaedah 1

Diagram 3.4 Rajah 3.4

Method 2 Kaedah 2

Diagram 3.5 Rajah 3.5

(i) Diagram 3.4 and Diagram 3.5 show lemon fruits produced through different methods. Explain how the lemon fruit in Diagram 3.5 is produced. Rajah 3.4 dan Rajah 3.5 menunjukkan penghasilan buah limau melalui kaedah yang berbeza. Terangkan bagaimana buah limau dalam Rajah 3.5 dihasilkan. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................ [ 2 marks ] [2 markah ] (ii) Based on Diagram 3.5, define what parthenocarpy is. Merujuk Rajah 3.5, berikan definisi partenokarpi. ............................................................................................................................... [1 mark ] [1 markah ]

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SULIT 4.

Diagram 4.1 shows the release of gas X from Elodea sp. through photosynthesis. Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan pembebasan gas X dari Elodea sp. melalui fotosintesis.

Gas X 0.1% Sodium hydrogen carbonate solution 0.1% Larutan natrium hidrogen karbonat Elodea sp. leaf Daun Elodea sp. Light source Sumber cahaya Diagram 4.1 Rajah 4.1 (a)

(i)

Name gas X. Namakan gas X. ………………………………………………………………………………… [ 1 mark ] [ 1 markah ]

(ii) What is the function of sodium hydrogen carbonate solution? Apakah fungsi larutan natrium hidrogen karbonat ? ……………………………………………………………………………………. [ 1 marks ] [ 1 markah ] (b)

Explain briefly how gas X in (a)(i) is produced. Terangkan dengan ringkas bagaimana gas X di (a)(i) dihasilkan. ................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [ 3 marks ] [ 3 markah ]

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An Elodea sp. plant which was placed 10 cm from a light source produced 20 oxygen bubbles per minute. How many oxygen bubbles per minute would you expect to be released if the lamp is placed at 5 cm from the Elodea sp.? Show your calculations. Tumbuhan Elodea sp. yang diletakkan 10 cm daripada sumber cahaya menghasilkan 20 gelembung oksigen seminit. Berapa banyakkah gelembung oksigen yang terbebas seminit sekiranya lampu diletakkan 5 cm daripada tumbuhan Elodea sp tersebut? Tunjukkan pengiraan anda.

[2 marks] [2 markah] (d)

An experiment was carried out to study the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. The results are as shown in Table 4. Satu eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk mengkaji kesan suhu ke atas kadar fotosintesis. Keputusan ditunjukkan seperti dalam Jadual 4. Temperature oC / Suhu oC 25 30 35 40 45 50

Number of bubbles / Bilangan gelembung udara 10 15 20 25 15 5 Table 4 Jadual 4

Explain the above results. Terangkan keputusan di atas. .......................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [ 3 marks ] [ 3 markah ] 4551/2 © 2008 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan dan Latihan (Menengah) MARA

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Diagram 4.2 shows a graph of the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis. Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan graf kesan keamatan cahaya ke atas kadar fotosintesis. Rate of photosynthesis Kadar fotosintesis

Q P

Light intensity Keamatan cahaya

Diagram 4.2 Rajah 4. 2 State how the rate of photosynthesis can be increased from curve P to become curve Q. Nyatakan bagaimana kadar fotosintesis boleh ditingkatkan dari lengkung P menjadi lengkung Q. .......................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [ 2 marks ] [ 2 markah ]

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5. Diagram 5.1 shows the regulation of blood glucose level in humans. Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan pengawalaturan glukosa darah dalam manusia.

Diabetes mellitus Kencing manis

Pancreas Pankreas Hormone M Hormon M

No action from hormone M Hormon M tidak bertindak

Action of hormone M Hormon M bertindak

Liver Hati

Blood glucose level decreases Aras glukosa darah menurun

Blood glucose level increases Aras glukosa darah meningkat

Food intake Normal blood glucose level Pengambilan (90 mg/100 ml) makanan Julat normal aras glukosa darah (90 mg/100 ml)

Diagram 5.1 Rajah 5.1 (a)

(i)

Based on Diagram 5.1, name hormone M. Merujuk Rajah 5.1, namakan hormon M.

........................................................................................................................ [ 1 mark ] [ 1 markah ] (ii) State the function of hormone M. Nyatakan fungsi hormon M. ........................................................................................................................ [ 1 mark ] [ 1 markah ]

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Diagram 5.2 shows the graph of blood glucose levels after glucose intake by individuals P and Q. Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan graf aras glukosa darah selepas pengambilan glukosa oleh individu P dan Q.

Blood glucose concentration (mg/100 ml) Kepekatan glukosa darah (mg/100 ml) Phase X Fasa X

Phase Y Fasa Y

Phase Z Fasa Z

400 -

300 -

Individual P Individu P

200 -

Individual Q Individu Q

100 - - 0

1

2

3

Glucose intake Pengambilan glukosa

4

5 Time (hours) Masa (jam)

Diagram 5.2 / Rajah 5.2 Based on Diagram 5.2, explain the difference between the graphs of individuals P and Q in relation to their blood glucose concentrations during the whole duration. Merujuk Rajah 5.2, terangkan perbezaan antara graf individu P dan Q berkaitan dengan kepekatan glukosa darah di sepanjang tempoh masa tersebut. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [ 3 marks ] [ 3 markah ] 4551/2 © 2008 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan dan Latihan (Menengah) MARA

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SULIT (c)

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Individual P was diagnosed to have diabetes mellitus. Explain a suitable clinical treatment that may overcome his health problem. Individu P telah didiagnos menghidap diabetes mellitus. Terangkan rawatan klinikal yang sesuai untuk mengatasi masalah kesihatannya. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [ 3 marks ] [ 3 markah ] (d) Individual P would like to find out if his urine contains glucose. Suggest a laboratory experiment to detect the presence of glucose. Individu P ingin mengetahui sama ada air kencingnya mengandungi glukosa. Cadangkan satu eksperimen makmal untuk mengesan kehadiran glukosa dalam air kencingnya. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [ 3 marks ] [ 3 markah ]

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Section B Bahagian B [20 marks / 20 markah] Answer any one question. Jawab mana-mana satu soalan.

6. Diagram 6.1 shows a cross section of blood vessels X and Y in a human. Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan keratan rentas salur darah X dan Y pada manusia.

X

Y Diagram 6.1 Rajah 6.1

(a)

Based on your observation in Diagram 6.1 explain the importance of the characteristics found in blood vessel X. [4 marks] Berdasarkan pemerhatian anda pada Rajah 6.1 terangkan kepentingan ciri yang terdapat pada salur darah X. [4 markah]

(b) Diagram 2 shows an individual suffering from an oedematous disease caused by the failure of the lymphatic system. Rajah 2 menunjukkan seorang individu yang menghidapi penyakit edema disebabkan kegagalan sistem limfa.

Diagram 6.2 Rajah 6.2 Based on your knowledge of biology, explain how oedema can happen. [6 marks] Berdasarkan pengetahuan biologi anda, terangkan bagaimana edema berlaku. [6 markah]

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(c) Diagram 6.3 shows the relationship between the rate of transpiration and the stomatal size in a plant at various times during a normal day. Explain this relationship. [10 marks] Rajah 6.3 menunjukkan perhubungan antara kadar transpirasi dan saiz stoma dalam tumbuhan pada waktu-waktu berbeza pada suatu hari yang biasa. Terangkan perhubungan tersebut. [10 markah] Rate of transpiration (gh-1) Kadar transpirasi ( gj-1)

60 I 50 40 H 30 20 10

2400

2200

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

0800

J

Time (24 hour clock) Waktu (masa 24 jam)

Key/Kekunci:

Condition of stoma at H Keadaan stoma di H

Condition of stoma at I Keadaan stoma di I

Condition of stoma at J Keadaan stoma di J

Diagram 6.3 Rajah 6.3 4551/2 © 2008 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan dan Latihan (Menengah) MARA

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7. Diagram 7.1 shows human erythrocytes after being immersed in : (i) distilled water (ii) 20% sodium chloride solution Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan eritrosit manusia selepas direndam di dalam: (i) air suling (ii) larutan natrium klorida 20%

Immersed in distilled water Direndam di dalam air suling

Immersed in 20% sodium chloride solution Direndam di dalam larutan natrium klorida 20%

Diagram 7.1 Rajah 7.1 (a)

Explain what has happened to the erythrocytes. [4 marks] Terangkan apa yang telah terjadi kepada eritrosit tersebut. [4 markah]

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SULIT (b)

Three strips of potato are measured individually and then placed in three petri dishes, each containing different concentrations of sucrose solution. The strips are then wiped dry and measured again after 30 minutes. The results are shown in Diagram 7.2. Tiga keratan ubi kentang diukur secara individu kemudian diletakkan dalam piring petri yang setiap satunya mengandungi larutan sukrosa yang berbeza-beza kepekatannya. Keratan dilap kering dan diukur sekali lagi selepas 30 minit. Hasil kajian ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 7.2. Change in length (%) Perubahan panjang (%) 30

P

20

10

Q

0 0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

Concentration of sucrose solution (mol dm-3) Kepekatan larutan sukrosa (mol dm-3)

0.6

-10

R -20

Diagram 7.2 Rajah7.2

Based on Diagram 7.2 explain the results of the experiment at points P, Q and R. [6 marks] Berdasarkan Rajah 7.2 terangkan hasil eksperimen pada titik P, Q, dan R. [6 markah]

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SULIT (c)

Diagram 7.3 shows the movement of sodium ions across the plasma membrane. Rajah 7.3 menunjukkan pergerakan ion natrium merentasi membran plasma. Diagram 7.4 shows the movement of water molecules across the plasma membrane. Rajah 7.4 menunjukkan pergerakan molekul air merentasi membran plasma. Diagram 7.5 shows the movement of substances from the soil to the root hair. Rajah 7.5 menunjukkan pergerakan bahan daripada tanah ke rerambut akar.

Outside of cell Di luar sel

Inside of cell Di dalam sel

Outside of cell Di luar sel

Inside of cell Di dalam sel

Outside of cell Di luar sel

Diagram 7.3 / Rajah 7.3

Inside of cell Di dalam sel

Outside of cell Di luar sel

Inside of cell Di dalam sel

Diagram 7.4 / Rajah 7.4

Soil Tanah Cortex Korteks Diagram 7.5 / Rajah 7.5 Based on Diagrams 7.3, 7.4 and 7.5, explain the movement of substances from the soil to the plant cortex. [10 marks] Berdasarkan Rajah 7.3, 7.4 and 7.5, terangkan pergerakan bahan daripada tanah ke korteks tumbuhan. [10 markah]

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SULIT 8. (a)

22 Mendel’s First Law: A characteristic of an organism is determined by a pair of genes located at the same locus of a pair of homologous chromosomes. Only one of the pair of genes can be present in a gamete. Hukum Mendel Pertama: Ciri organisma di kawal oleh sepasang gen yang terletak di lokus yang sama pada sepasang kromosom homolog. Hanya satu daripada sepasang gen ini yang boleh hadir di dalam gamet.

A white rabbit was mated with a black rabbit, where black fur is dominant to white fur. Use a genetic diagram to describe the above cross based on Mendel’s First Law. [10 marks] Seekor arnab berbulu putih dikacukkan dengan seekor arnab berbulu hitam, di mana bulu hitam adalah dominan kepada bulu putih. Dengan menggunakan rajah genetik, terangkan kacukan di atas berpandukan Hukum Mendel Pertama. [10 markah]

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SULIT (b)

Mr Q / Encik Q

Mrs Q / Puan Q

X Straight hair Rambut lurus Weight / Berat: 60 kg Height / Tinggi : 1.6m

Curly hair Rambut kerinting Weight / Berat: 70 kg Height / Tinggi: 1.7m

Identical twin girls Perempuan kembar seiras Girl / Perempuan ( 20 years old / umur 20 tahun )

Boy / Lelaki ( 16 years old / umur 16 tahun )

Girl / Perempuan ( 11 years old / umur 11 tahun )

Girl / Perempuan ( 11 years old / umur 11 tahun )

Curly hair Rambut kerinting Weight/Berat: 60 kg Height/Tinggi: 1.7m

Straight hair Rambut Lurus Weight/Berat: 70 kg Height/Tinggi: 1.5m

Curly hair Rambut kerinting Weight/Berat: 55 kg Height/Tinggi: 1.2m

Curly hair Rambut kerinting Weight/Berat: 55 kg Height/Tinggi: 1.2m

Mr. Q with curly hair married Mrs Q with straight hair. They have 4 children. The first child is a girl with curly hair and the second child is a boy with straight hair. The third and fourth children are identical twins with curly hair. All of them have different body sizes. Justify the variations which occur among the siblings. [10 marks] Encik Q yang mempunyai rambut kerinting berkahwin dengan Puan Q yang berambut lurus. Mereka mempunyai 4 orang anak. Anak sulung mereka seorang perempuan berambut kerinting, anak kedua seorang lelaki berambut lurus. Anak ketiga dan keempat ialah pasangan kembar seiras berambut kerinting. Semua mereka mempunyai saiz badan yang berbeza. Berikan justifikasi berkenaan variasi yang berlaku di kalangan anak-anak pasangan ini. [10 markah]

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SULIT 9.

24 Human activities can cause air pollution. Pollutants contain many synthetic substances which are often very toxic as they can interfere with the body’s metabolic processes. There is often no natural mechanism to eliminate them from the body. Aktiviti manusia boleh menyebabkan pencemaran udara. Kandungan bahan pencemar terdiri daripada bahan sintetik yang bersifat toksik dan boleh mengganggu metabolisme badan. Pada kebiasaannya tidak terdapat mekanisma semulajadi untuk menyingkirkannya daripada badan.

(a)

Based on the statement above, name three air pollutants, and discuss the sources and their effects on humans. [10 marks] Berdasarkan kenyataan di atas, namakan tiga bahan pencemar yang wujud di udara dan bincangkan punca serta kesannya terhadap manusia. [10 markah]

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SULIT 9. (b)

25 Diagram 9.1 shows the tropical rainforest ecosystem. Diagram 9.2 shows the rainforest after deforestation. Rajah 9.1 menunjukkan ekosistem hutan hujan tropika. Rajah 9.2 menunjukkan ekosistem hutan hujan penyahutanan.

tropika

selepas

aktiviti

Diagram 9.1 Rajah 9.1

Diagram 9.2 Rajah 9.2 Discuss the advantages of maintaining the ecosystem in Diagram 9.1 and the disadvantages if the situation in Diagram 9.2 continuously occurs. [10 marks] Bincangkan kebaikan sekiranya keadaan seperti dalam Rajah 9.1 di kekalkan dan apakah keburukan sekiranya keadaan dalam Rajah 9.2 berterusan. [10 markah]

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SPACE FOR ANSWERS Section:..............................................

Question no:.............................................

For examiner’s use

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SPACE FOR ANSWERS Section:..............................................

Question no:.............................................

For examiner’s use

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SPACE FOR ANSWERS Section:..............................................

Question no:.............................................

For examiner’s use

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Question no:.............................................

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