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Kod Pemeriksa:

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QuestionI Readthe.fiilowing lext and complelelhe gilen tosk

T h e m o s tc o m m o nk i n d so f s i m p l em a c h i n e sa r e l e v e r sa n d g e a r s ' g f f o r to r e n e r g y L e v e r sa r e r o d s o r b a r s u s e dt o m o v e t h i n g sw i t h l e 5 5 Youpushone end to exerta forceat the otherend of the levercr anotherpart and bottleopenersare levers.Pianos.b cyclebrakes of it. Pliers,nutcrackers a n d e x c a v a t o rds e p e n do n l e v e r st o o p e r a t eS p a n n e r sa n d s c r e w d r l v e r s are leversthat movein a circle. A g e a ri s a m o d i f i c a t i oonf t h e w h e e la n d a x l e l t h a st e e t ha r o " r n d: i n w h i c ha f o r c e e a c h i n e sg, e a r sm a y c h a n g et h e d i r e c t i o n L i k ea l l s - i m p lm o v e rw h i c ha f o r c e t h e d i s t a n c e o r r e d u c ea f o r c eo r i s a p p l i e do; r i n c r e a s e gears, spurgears' Someexamplesof gearsaregeartrain,meshed is apptieO. bevelgearsand brassgears. C a r a n d b i c y c l eg e a r sc o n t a i nt o o t h e dw h e e l st h a t m e s ht o g e t h e r o r a r e c o n n e c t e db y a c h a i n .T h e g e a r i n gs y s t e mo f a b i c y c l ea l l o w sy o u t o r i d eu p t h e h i l lm o r ee a s i l Y . (Adaptedfrom: TheYoungOx.fordI'ibrary of Science,2002)

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SIMPLE }IACIIINES Lcvers

Gears

Function

E xamples

Objectrvhere principle is applied

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S c i e n t i s tasn de n g i n e e ras r ed e v e l o p i nagl t e r n a t i vseo u r c e so f e n e r g y . S o m eo f t h e s es o u r c e sa r eh y d r o e l e c t r iwci,n d ,n u ce a Ta n dg e o t h e r m a l . In the generationof hydroelectricity, wateris collectedor storedbehind d a m sw h i c ha r e m o s t l yb u i l ta t g r e a th e i g h t sT h e w a t e rs t o r e dh e r er u s h e s t h r o u g hu n d e r g r o u n dp i p e s t o d r i v e t u r b i n e sa t t h e b a s e o f t h e d a m s t o g e n e r a t o r sa n d t h u s , h y d r o e l e c t r iecn e r g yi s h a r n e s s e dW . atercosts n o t h i n ga n d t h e e n e r g yi s c o n t i n u a l lrye n e w a b l eb u t d a m s a r e e x p e n s i v e to buildand may harmthe environment. Wrndcontainstremendous amountsof energyWindenergycanbe used to turnwindturbinesto generateelectricity. Thereare usuallyhundredsof wind turbineson eachwindfarm.Whenwindblows energyrs capturedby the large p r o p e l l e r b l a d e s o f t h e w i n d t u r b i n e s .w h i c h i n t u r n a r e c o n n e c t e d to generators to produceelectricity. Wind is renewableand doesnotcauseair pollution.However, windfarmscan onlybe developedin areaswherethewind is steady.The turningof hundredsof windturbinesalsocausesnoisepollution and interferes withtelevisionreception N u c l e a re n e r g y o b t a i n e df r o m n u c l e a rf u e l s d o e s n o t c a u s e a i r p o l l u t i o nA, l a r g ea m o u n to f t h i se n e r g yc a n b e o b t a i n e d f r o ma s m a l la m o u n t of nuclearfuel.However,nuclearwasteproductmustbe disposedoff safelyas i t o r o d u c e sn u c l e a rr a d i a t i o nT. h i s r a d i a t i o nc a n c a u s eb u r n sa n d c a n c e r . I t c a na l s oh a r ma n dk i l lp l a n t sa n da n i m a l s . T h e h e a t e n e r g yi n s i d et h e E a r t hi s c a l l e dg e o t h e r m ael n e r g y T . his s r w h e n h o tw a t e r e n e r g ye s c a p e st o t h e s u r f a c ed u r i n gv o l c a n i ce r u p t i o n o harmfulsubstances are released or steamemergesfromthe ground.However, p l a c e s f o r h a r n e s s i ngge o t h e r m a l t o g e t h ew r i t ht h e s t e a m A . s s u c h ,s u i t a b l e e n e r g ys h o u l db e c h o s e nf a r a w a yf r o mt h e c o n s u m e r sG. e o t h e r m aeln e r g y can be renewedand lastsa lonqtime. ; i A d a p t e d t i o m : . 1 / l cr ' , . r , r l F . n , t r t u N L n c y r ' I o p e d i u 2 t l l J 5 t

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ALTERNATIVESOURCES OF ENERGY NUCLEARENERGY

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

SOURE C:

WAYOF OBTAININGTHIS ENERGY: 9.

ADVANTAGE: Doesnotcause air pollution D I SADVANlAGES:

ADVAN'IAGE: Lastsa longtine D I SADVANTA GL:

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FUNCTION(S)

NTITRIEN'IS Carbohydrirtes

Fats

Proteins

P R O t s L\ tr ( S )

cncrgyquickly Suppl-v

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Help thc body grou'. makenew ccllsandrepair damagcdones

gro$1hDeticlency ai-1ects n r u s l i e sb c c . r m cu e a k

in emergencv Supplycnerg-v VitaminC is neededfor healthyskinandgums

Dclrcienclcancausescurvy andsc,regums

VitaminD is neededlbr strongbonesandteeth

Deficiencvcausessoft brrnes.poordevelopment rrf teelh

Iron is nccdcdto makc rcd bloodcells,which carry oxygcnto all our bodycells

Dcliciencl cancause anaemia

Calciumis needcdto make strongbonesandteeth

Deliciencl cancausc osteoporosis

Vitamins

Mineralsalts

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