Model 2400 Series SourceMeter
®
User's Manual
A GREATER MEASURE OF CONFIDENCE
WARRANTY Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants this product to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of 1 year from date of shipment. Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants the following items for 90 days from the date of shipment: probes, cables, rechargeable batteries, diskettes, and documentation. During the warranty period, we will, at our option, either repair or replace any product that proves to be defective. To exercise this warranty, write or call your local Keithley representative, or contact Keithley headquarters in Cleveland, Ohio. You will be given prompt assistance and return instructions. Send the product, transportation prepaid, to the indicated service facility. Repairs will be made and the product returned, transportation prepaid. Repaired or replaced products are warranted for the balance of the original warranty period, or at least 90 days.
LIMITATION OF WARRANTY This warranty does not apply to defects resulting from product modification without Keithley’s express written consent, or misuse of any product or part. This warranty also does not apply to fuses, software, non-rechargeable batteries, damage from battery leakage, or problems arising from normal wear or failure to follow instructions. THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE. THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE BUYER’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES. NEITHER KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC. NOR ANY OF ITS EMPLOYEES SHALL BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF ITS INSTRUMENTS AND SOFTWARE EVEN IF KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC., HAS BEEN ADVISED IN ADVANCE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. SUCH EXCLUDED DAMAGES SHALL INCLUDE, BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO: COSTS OF REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION, LOSSES SUSTAINED AS THE RESULT OF INJURY TO ANY PERSON, OR DAMAGE TO PROPERTY.
Keithley Instruments, Inc.
28775 Aurora Road • Cleveland, Ohio 44139 • 440-248-0400 • Fax: 440-248-6168 1-888-KEITHLEY (534-8453) • www.keithley.com
Sales Offices:
Bergensesteenweg 709 • B-1600 Sint-Pieters-Leeuw • 02-363 00 40 • Fax: 02/363 00 64 Yuan Chen Xin Building, Room 705 • 12 Yumin Road, Dewai, Madian • Beijing 100029 • 8610-6202-2886 • Fax: 8610-6202-2892 Tietäjäntie 2 • 02130 Espoo • Phone: 09-54 75 08 10 • Fax: 09-25 10 51 00 3, allée des Garays • 91127 Palaiseau Cédex • 01-64 53 20 20 • Fax: 01-60 11 77 26 Landsberger Strasse 65 • 82110 Germering • 089/84 93 07-40 • Fax: 089/84 93 07-34 Unit 2 Commerce Park, Brunel Road • Theale • Berkshire RG7 4AB • 0118 929 7500 • Fax: 0118 929 7519 Flat 2B, Willocrissa • 14, Rest House Crescent • Bangalore 560 001 • 91-80-509-1320/21 • Fax: 91-80-509-1322 Viale San Gimignano, 38 • 20146 Milano • 02-48 39 16 01 • Fax: 02-48 30 22 74 New Pier Takeshiba North Tower 13F • 11-1, Kaigan 1-chome • Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0022 • 81-3-5733-7555 • Fax: 81-3-5733-7556 2FL., URI Building • 2-14 Yangjae-Dong • Seocho-Gu, Seoul 137-888 • 82-2-574-7778 • Fax: 82-2-574-7838 Postbus 559 • 4200 AN Gorinchem • 0183-635333 • Fax: 0183-630821 c/o Regus Business Centre • Frosundaviks Allé 15, 4tr • 169 70 Solna • 08-509 04 679 • Fax: 08-655 26 10 Kriesbachstrasse 4 • 8600 Dübendorf • 01-821 94 44 • Fax: 01-820 30 81 1FL., 85 Po Ai Street • Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C. • 886-3-572-9077• Fax: 886-3-572-9031
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2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual
©1998, Keithley Instruments, Inc. All rights reserved. Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A. Seventh Printing, May 2002 Document Number: 2400S-900-01 Rev. G
Manual Print History The print history shown below lists the printing dates of all Revisions and Addenda created for this manual. The Revision Level letter increases alphabetically as the manual undergoes subsequent updates. Addenda, which are released between Revisions, contain important change information that the user should incorporate immediately into the manual. Addenda are numbered sequentially. When a new Revision is created, all Addenda associated with the previous Revision of the manual are incorporated into the new Revision of the manual. Each new Revision includes a revised copy of this print history page. Revision A (Document Number 2400S-900-01) ........................................................... August 1998 Revision B (Document Number 2400S-900-01) .......................................................... January 1999 Addendum B (Document Number 2400S-900-02) .......................................................... April 1999 Revision C (Document Number 2400S-900-01) .............................................................. April 1999 Addendum C (Document Number 2400S-900-02) ..................................................November 1999 Revision D (Document Number 2400S-900-01).......................................................... January 2000 Revision E (Document Number 2400S-900-01) ................................................................July 2000 Revision F (Document Number 2400S-900-01) ............................................................... June 2001 Revision G (Document Number 2400S-900-01)............................................................... May 2002
All Keithley product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of Keithley Instruments, Inc. Other brand names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.
Safety Precautions The following safety precautions should be observed before using this product and any associated instrumentation. Although some instruments and accessories would normally be used with non-hazardous voltages, there are situations where hazardous conditions may be present. This product is intended for use by qualified personnel who recognize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety precautions required to avoid possible injury. Read and follow all installation, operation, and maintenance information carefully before using the product. Refer to the manual for complete product specifications. If the product is used in a manner not specified, the protection provided by the product may be impaired. The types of product users are: Responsible body is the individual or group responsible for the use and maintenance of equipment, for ensuring that the equipment is operated within its specifications and operating limits, and for ensuring that operators are adequately trained. Operators use the product for its intended function. They must be trained in electrical safety procedures and proper use of the instrument. They must be protected from electric shock and contact with hazardous live circuits. Maintenance personnel perform routine procedures on the product to keep it operating properly, for example, setting the line voltage or replacing consumable materials. Maintenance procedures are described in the manual. The procedures explicitly state if the operator may perform them. Otherwise, they should be performed only by service personnel. Service personnel are trained to work on live circuits, and perform safe installations and repairs of products. Only properly trained service personnel may perform installation and service procedures. Keithley products are designed for use with electrical signals that are rated Installation Category I and Installation Category II, as described in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard IEC 60664. Most measurement, control, and data I/O signals are Installation Category I and must not be directly connected to mains voltage or to voltage sources with high transient over-voltages. Installation Category II connections require protection for high transient over-voltages often associated with local AC mains connections. Assume all measurement, control, and data I/O connections are for connection to Category I sources unless otherwise marked or described in the Manual. Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present. Lethal voltage may be present on cable connector jacks or test fixtures. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) states that a shock hazard exists when voltage levels greater than 30V RMS, 42.4V peak, or 60VDC are present. A good safety practice is to expect that hazardous voltage is present in any unknown circuit before measuring. Operators of this product must be protected from electric shock at all times. The responsible body must ensure that operators are prevented access and/or insulated from every connection point. In some cases, connections must be exposed to potential human contact. Product operators in these circumstances must be trained to protect themselves from the risk of electric shock. If the circuit is capable of operating at or above 1000 volts, no conductive part of the circuit may be exposed. Do not connect switching cards directly to unlimited power circuits. They are intended to be used with impedance limited sources. NEVER connect switching cards directly to AC mains. When connecting sources to switching cards, install protective devices to limit fault current and voltage to the card. Before operating an instrument, make sure the line cord is connected to a properly grounded power receptacle. Inspect the connecting cables, test leads, and jumpers for possible wear, cracks, or breaks before each use. When installing equipment where access to the main power cord is restricted, such as rack mounting, a separate main input power disconnect device must be provided, in close proximity to the equipment and within easy reach of the operator. For maximum safety, do not touch the product, test cables, or any other instruments while power is applied to the circuit under test. ALWAYS remove power from the entire test system and discharge any capacitors before: connecting or disconnecting ca5/02
bles or jumpers, installing or removing switching cards, or making internal changes, such as installing or removing jumpers. Do not touch any object that could provide a current path to the common side of the circuit under test or power line (earth) ground. Always make measurements with dry hands while standing on a dry, insulated surface capable of withstanding the voltage being measured. The instrument and accessories must be used in accordance with its specifications and operating instructions or the safety of the equipment may be impaired. Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the instruments and accessories, as defined in the specifications and operating information, and as shown on the instrument or test fixture panels, or switching card. When fuses are used in a product, replace with same type and rating for continued protection against fire hazard. Chassis connections must only be used as shield connections for measuring circuits, NOT as safety earth ground connections. If you are using a test fixture, keep the lid closed while power is applied to the device under test. Safe operation requires the use of a lid interlock. If The
or
!
is present, connect it to safety earth ground using the wire recommended in the user documentation. symbol on an instrument indicates that the user should refer to the operating instructions located in the manual.
The symbol on an instrument shows that it can source or measure 1000 volts or more, including the combined effect of normal and common mode voltages. Use standard safety precautions to avoid personal contact with these voltages. The WARNING heading in a manual explains dangers that might result in personal injury or death. Always read the associated information very carefully before performing the indicated procedure. The CAUTION heading in a manual explains hazards that could damage the instrument. Such damage may invalidate the warranty. Instrumentation and accessories shall not be connected to humans. Before performing any maintenance, disconnect the line cord and all test cables. To maintain protection from electric shock and fire, replacement components in mains circuits, including the power transformer, test leads, and input jacks, must be purchased from Keithley Instruments. Standard fuses, with applicable national safety approvals, may be used if the rating and type are the same. Other components that are not safety related may be purchased from other suppliers as long as they are equivalent to the original component. (Note that selected parts should be purchased only through Keithley Instruments to maintain accuracy and functionality of the product.) If you are unsure about the applicability of a replacement component, call a Keithley Instruments office for information. To clean an instrument, use a damp cloth or mild, water based cleaner. Clean the exterior of the instrument only. Do not apply cleaner directly to the instrument or allow liquids to enter or spill on the instrument. Products that consist of a circuit board with no case or chassis (e.g., data acquisition board for installation into a computer) should never require cleaning if handled according to instructions. If the board becomes contaminated and operation is affected, the board should be returned to the factory for proper cleaning/servicing.
Table of Contents 1
Getting Started General information ................................................................... 1-2 Warranty information .......................................................... 1-2 Contact information ............................................................ 1-2 Manual addenda .................................................................. 1-2 Safety symbols and terms ................................................... 1-2 Inspection ............................................................................ 1-3 Options and accessories ...................................................... 1-3 General purpose probes ............................................... 1-3 Low thermal probes ..................................................... 1-4 Cables and adapters ..................................................... 1-4 Rack mount kits ........................................................... 1-5 Carrying case ............................................................... 1-5 Product overview ........................................................................ 1-5 Front and rear panel familiarization ........................................... 1-7 Front panel summary .......................................................... 1-7 Rear panel summary ........................................................... 1-9 Power-up .................................................................................. 1-10 Line power connection ...................................................... 1-10 Power-up sequence ........................................................... 1-11 System identification ......................................................... 1-11 Line frequency setting ....................................................... 1-12 Front panel line frequency ......................................... 1-12 Remote command line frequency .............................. 1-12 Fuse replacement .............................................................. 1-13 Cooling fan ............................................................................... 1-13 Display ..................................................................................... 1-14 Display format .................................................................. 1-14 EDIT key ........................................................................... 1-14 TOGGLE key .................................................................... 1-15 Status and error messages ................................................. 1-15 Remote display programming ........................................... 1-15 Front panel tests ................................................................ 1-16 Default settings ......................................................................... 1-16 Saving and restoring user setups ....................................... 1-16 Saving setups ............................................................. 1-16 Restoring setups ......................................................... 1-16 Power-on configuration .............................................. 1-17 Factory default settings ..................................................... 1-17 Remote setups ................................................................... 1-20
Menus ....................................................................................... 1-20 Main menu ......................................................................... 1-20 Rules to navigate menus .................................................... 1-24 Editing source and compliance values .............................. 1-24 Toggling the source and measure display fields ................ 1-25 Disabling front panel display ............................................ 1-25 Front panel control ..................................................... 1-26 Remote command programming ................................ 1-26 Configuration menus ......................................................... 1-26
2
Connections Connection overview .................................................................. 2-2 Front/rear terminals selection .............................................. 2-2 Front panel terminals selection .................................... 2-2 Remote command terminals selection ......................... 2-3 Test fixture interlock .................................................... 2-3 Connections to DUT ................................................................... 2-3 Sensing methods .................................................................. 2-5 4-wire remote sensing .................................................. 2-6 2-wire local sensing ..................................................... 2-7 Guarding methods ............................................................... 2-8 Cable guard .................................................................. 2-8 Ohms guard .................................................................. 2-9 Sense and guard selections ......................................... 2-11 Sense selection ........................................................... 2-11 Guard selection .......................................................... 2-12
3
Basic Source-Measure Operation WARNING - CAUTION ............................................................ 3-2 Operation overview .................................................................... 3-3 Source-measure capabilities ................................................ 3-3 Compliance limit ................................................................. 3-6 Setting the compliance limit ................................................ 3-7 Front panel compliance limit ....................................... 3-7 Compliance range synchronization .............................. 3-7 Remote compliance limit ............................................. 3-7 Basic circuit configurations ................................................. 3-8 Operation considerations ............................................................ 3-9 Warm-up .............................................................................. 3-9 Auto zero ............................................................................. 3-9 Front panel auto zero .................................................... 3-9 Remote command auto zero ......................................... 3-9
NPLC caching ................................................................... NPLC cache setup ...................................................... Typical NPLC cache test times .................................. V-source protection ........................................................... Front panel V-source protection ................................. Remote command V-source protection ...................... Source delay ...................................................................... Front panel source delay ............................................ Remote command source delay ................................. Basic source-measure procedure .............................................. Output control ................................................................... Front panel source-measure procedure ............................. Step 1: Select source. ................................................. Step 2: Set source level and compliance limit. .......... Step 3: Select measurement function and range. ....... Step 4: Turn output on. .............................................. Step 5: Observe readings on the display. ................... Step 6: Turn output off. .............................................. Remote command source-measure procedure .................. Basic source-measure commands .............................. Source-measure programming example .................... Measure only ............................................................................ Front panel measure only .................................................. Remote command measure only ....................................... Sink operation .......................................................................... Battery charging/discharging ............................................ Sink programming example ..............................................
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3-10 3-10 3-11 3-11 3-12 3-12 3-12 3-13 3-13 3-14 3-14 3-14 3-14 3-14 3-16 3-17 3-17 3-18 3-18 3-18 3-19 3-20 3-20 3-21 3-22 3-22 3-24
Ohms Measurements Ohms configuration menu .......................................................... 4-2 Ohms measurement methods ..................................................... 4-3 Selecting ohms measurement method ................................. 4-4 Auto ohms measurements ................................................... 4-4 Manual ohms measurements ............................................... 4-5 Ohms sensing ............................................................................. 4-7 Sense selection .................................................................... 4-8 Offset-compensated ohms .......................................................... 4-9 Enabling/disabling offset-compensated ohms .................... 4-9 Offset-compensated ohms procedure ................................ 4-10 Ohms source readback ............................................................. 4-11 Ohms source readback selection ....................................... 4-11 6-wire ohms measurements ...................................................... 4-11 Remote ohms programming ..................................................... 4-12 Remote ohms commands .................................................. 4-12 Ohms programming example ............................................ 4-13
5
Pulse Mode Operation (Model 2430 only) Overview .................................................................................... 5-2 Pulse characteristics .................................................................... 5-3 Pulse width .......................................................................... 5-4 Signal measurement ..................................................... 5-4 Overhead time .............................................................. 5-4 Pulse width delay ......................................................... 5-5 Output off-time .................................................................... 5-5 Reference and zero measurements ............................... 5-5 Overhead time .............................................................. 5-5 Pulse delay ................................................................... 5-6 Pulse duty cycle ................................................................... 5-6 Fast pulse output .................................................................. 5-6 Auto zero ...................................................................... 5-7 Pulse-only ..................................................................... 5-8 Pulse jitter ............................................................................ 5-8 Pulse energy limitations (10A range) ......................................... 5-9 Pulse Mode configuration ......................................................... 5-10 Front panel Pulse Mode configuration .............................. 5-10 Select Pulse Mode, and set pulse width and pulse delay ....................................................... 5-10 Set pulse measurement speed ..................................... 5-10 Set pulse count ........................................................... 5-10 Disable/enable auto zero ............................................ 5-11 Remote command Pulse Mode configuration ................... 5-11 Basic Pulse Mode operation ..................................................... 5-12 Front panel pulse-measure procedure ............................... 5-12 Step 1: Select Pulse Mode, and set pulse width and pulse delay. ...................................................... 5-12 Step 2: Set pulse measurement speed. ....................... 5-12 Step 3: Set pulse count. .............................................. 5-12 Step 4: Select source. ................................................. 5-13 Step 5: Set pulse level and compliance limit. ............. 5-13 Step 6: Select measurement function and range. ....... 5-13 Step 7: Turn output on. ............................................... 5-14 Pulse-ohms measurements ................................................ 5-14 Auto and Manual pulse-ohms measurements ............ 5-14 Offset-compensated pulse-ohms measurements ........ 5-14 Remote command pulse-measure operation ..................... 5-15 Basic pulse commands ............................................... 5-15 Ignored settings and invalid commands ..................... 5-15 Pulse-measure programming example ....................... 5-16
Pulse-measure considerations .................................................. Measurement speed ........................................................... Filter .................................................................................. Auto range ......................................................................... Concurrent measurements ................................................. Ohms source readback ...................................................... Toggle key ......................................................................... Offset-compensated ohms ................................................. Source delay ...................................................................... Trigger delay ..................................................................... Input triggers ..................................................................... Output triggers .................................................................. Auto output-off ................................................................. Output-off state ................................................................. Turning source on ............................................................. SCPI signal oriented measurement commands .................
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5-16 5-16 5-17 5-17 5-17 5-17 5-17 5-18 5-18 5-18 5-19 5-19 5-19 5-19 5-20 5-20
Source-Measure Concepts Compliance limit ........................................................................ 6-2 Types of compliance ........................................................... 6-2 Maximum compliance values ............................................. 6-3 Compliance examples ......................................................... 6-4 Compliance principles ........................................................ 6-4 Passive load compliance example ................................ 6-4 Active load compliance example ................................. 6-4 Determining compliance limit ............................................ 6-5 Overheating protection ............................................................... 6-6 Overheating conditions ....................................................... 6-6 Power equations to avoid shutdown .................................... 6-7 Model 2400 SourceMeter ............................................ 6-7 Model 2410 SourceMeter ............................................ 6-8 Model 2420 SourceMeter ............................................ 6-8 Models 2425 and 2430 SourceMeters ......................... 6-9 Model 2440 SourceMeter ............................................ 6-9 Source-delay-measure cycle ..................................................... 6-10 Sweep waveforms ............................................................. 6-12 Operating boundaries ............................................................... 6-14 Source or sink ................................................................... 6-14 Duty cycle ......................................................................... 6-14 Model 2400 SourceMeter .......................................... 6-15 Model 2410 SourceMeter .......................................... 6-16 Model 2420 SourceMeter .......................................... 6-17 Models 2425 and 2430 SourceMeters ....................... 6-18 Model 2440 SourceMeter .......................................... 6-20
I-Source operating boundaries .......................................... 6-21 Voltage compliance boundaries .................................. 6-24 V-Source operating boundaries ......................................... 6-26 Current compliance boundaries ................................. 6-28 Source I measure I and source V measure V ..................... 6-30 Source readback accuracy .......................................... 6-30 Basic circuit configurations ...................................................... 6-31 Source I ............................................................................. 6-31 Source V ............................................................................ 6-32 Measure only (V or I) ........................................................ 6-33 Guard ........................................................................................ 6-34 Cable guard ....................................................................... 6-34 Ohms guard ....................................................................... 6-35 Guard sense ....................................................................... 6-38 Data flow ................................................................................... 6-40 Buffer considerations ........................................................ 6-42 Changing V, I, or Ω measurement function ................ 6-42 Changing MATH function ......................................... 6-43 Changing REL or LIMITS ......................................... 6-43
7
Range, Digits, Speed, and Filters Range and digits ......................................................................... 7-2 Range ................................................................................... 7-2 Maximum readings ...................................................... 7-2 Ranging limitations ...................................................... 7-2 Manual ranging ............................................................ 7-3 Auto ranging ................................................................ 7-3 Auto range considerations ............................................ 7-3 Auto range change mode .............................................. 7-4 Auto range limits .......................................................... 7-4 Limits evaluation .......................................................... 7-5 Digits ................................................................................... 7-5 Setting display resolution ............................................. 7-5 Remote range and digits programming ............................... 7-5 Range and digits commands ........................................ 7-6 Range and digits programming example ...................... 7-6 Speed .......................................................................................... 7-7 Setting speed ....................................................................... 7-7 Front panel speed control ............................................. 7-7 PULSE SPEED (NPLC) – Model 2430 Pulse Mode ... 7-8 Remote speed programming ................................................ 7-8 Speed commands .......................................................... 7-8 Speed programming example ....................................... 7-9
Filters ......................................................................................... 7-9 Response time considerations ...................................... 7-9 Front panel filter control ................................................... 7-10 Configuring filter ....................................................... 7-10 CONFIGURE FILTERING menu ............................. 7-10 Enabling filter ............................................................ 7-10 Response time ............................................................ 7-11 Remote filter programming ............................................... 7-12 Filter commands ........................................................ 7-12 Filter programming example ..................................... 7-13
8
Relative and Math Relative ....................................................................................... 8-2 Front panel rel ..................................................................... 8-2 Enabling and disabling rel ........................................... 8-2 Defining a rel value ...................................................... 8-2 Remote rel programming .................................................... 8-3 Rel commands ............................................................. 8-3 Rel programming example .......................................... 8-3 Math operations .......................................................................... 8-4 Built-in math functions ....................................................... 8-4 Power ........................................................................... 8-4 Offset-compensated ohms ............................................ 8-4 Varistor alpha ............................................................... 8-5 Voltage coefficient ....................................................... 8-5 Percent deviation .......................................................... 8-6 Front panel math operations ................................................ 8-6 Remote math operations ..................................................... 8-7 Math commands ........................................................... 8-7 Math programming example ........................................ 8-8 User-defined math functions ............................................... 8-9 Commands for user-defined math functions ................ 8-9 User-defined math function programming example .. 8-10
9
Data Store Data store overview .................................................................... Front panel data store ................................................................. Storing readings .................................................................. Recalling readings ............................................................... Buffer location number ................................................ Timestamp ................................................................... Displaying other buffer readings .................................
9-2 9-2 9-2 9-2 9-2 9-3 9-3
Buffer statistics .................................................................... 9-3 Minimum and maximum .............................................. 9-3 Peak-to-peak ................................................................. 9-3 Average ......................................................................... 9-4 Standard deviation ........................................................ 9-4 Timestamp format ............................................................... 9-4 Timestamp accuracy ............................................................ 9-5 Buffer considerations .......................................................... 9-5 Using :TRACe commands to store data ....................... 9-5 Using :READ? to store data ......................................... 9-5 Remote command data store ...................................................... 9-6 Data store commands .......................................................... 9-6 Data store programming example ....................................... 9-7
10
Sweep Operation Sweep types .............................................................................. 10-2 Linear staircase sweep ....................................................... 10-2 Logarithmic staircase sweep ............................................. 10-4 Custom sweep ................................................................... 10-5 Custom sweep examples ............................................ 10-6 Source memory sweep ...................................................... 10-7 Sweep configuration ................................................... 10-7 Saving and restoring source memory setups .............. 10-7 Saving multiple source memory sweeps .................... 10-8 Saved source memory configurations ........................ 10-8 Sweep branching ...................................................... 10-10 Diode test example ................................................... 10-12 Configuring and running a sweep ........................................... 10-14 Front panel sweep operation ........................................... 10-14 Sweep configuration menu ....................................... 10-14 Setting delay ............................................................. 10-16 Trigger count and sweep points ............................... 10-16 Performing sweeps ................................................... 10-16 Performing a linear staircase sweep ......................... 10-17 Performing a log staircase sweep ............................. 10-18 Performing a custom sweep ..................................... 10-19 Performing a source memory sweep ........................ 10-21 Remote sweep operation ................................................. 10-22 Staircase sweep commands ...................................... 10-22 Staircase sweep programming example ................... 10-22 Custom sweep commands ........................................ 10-24 Custom sweep programming example ..................... 10-25 Source memory sweep commands ........................... 10-25 Source memory sweep programming example ........ 10-26
Sweep branching program example ....................................... Pulse Mode sweeps (Model 2430 only) ................................. Front panel Pulse Mode sweep procedure ...................... Remote Pulse Mode sweep operation .............................
11
10-27 10-32 10-33 10-34
Triggering Front panel trigger operation .................................................... 11-2 Front panel trigger model .................................................. 11-2 Event detection .......................................................... 11-2 Idle ............................................................................. 11-2 Arm layer ................................................................... 11-4 Trigger layer .............................................................. 11-5 Counters ..................................................................... 11-6 Output triggers ........................................................... 11-6 Bench defaults ........................................................... 11-7 Operation summary ................................................... 11-7 Configuring triggering ...................................................... 11-8 Trigger configuration menu ....................................... 11-8 Remote trigger operation ....................................................... 11-11 Remote trigger model ..................................................... 11-11 Idle and initiate ........................................................ 11-11 Event detection ........................................................ 11-13 Arm layer ................................................................. 11-13 Trigger layer ............................................................ 11-14 Counters ................................................................... 11-16 Output triggers ......................................................... 11-16 GPIB defaults ........................................................... 11-17 Operation summary ................................................. 11-17 Remote trigger commands .............................................. 11-18 Trigger link ............................................................................. 11-19 Input trigger requirements ............................................... 11-19 Output trigger specifications ........................................... 11-20 Triggering examples ............................................................... 11-20 Front panel trigger example ............................................ 11-20 External trigger example ................................................. 11-23 Trigger link connections .......................................... 11-24 Instrument configurations ........................................ 11-25 Operation ................................................................. 11-26 Remote trigger example .................................................. 11-28
Pulse Mode triggering (Model 2430) ..................................... 11-30 Trigger models ................................................................ 11-30 Idle ........................................................................... 11-33 Source event detector ............................................... 11-33 Pulse delay ............................................................... 11-33 Source action ............................................................ 11-33 Pulse width ............................................................... 11-33 Measure action ......................................................... 11-33 Output triggers ......................................................... 11-34 Invalid trigger settings ..................................................... 11-34 Front panel operation ............................................... 11-34 Remote operation ..................................................... 11-34
12
Limit Testing Types of limits .......................................................................... 12-2 Pass/fail information .......................................................... 12-3 Data flow ........................................................................... 12-3 Limit 1 test (compliance) .................................................. 12-3 Limit 2, limit 3, and limit 5-12 tests .................................. 12-4 Limit test modes ................................................................ 12-4 Binning .............................................................................. 12-4 Operation overview .................................................................. 12-5 Grading mode .................................................................... 12-5 Binning control .......................................................... 12-5 Pass condition ............................................................. 12-8 Fail condition ............................................................. 12-8 Sorting mode ..................................................................... 12-9 Binning ....................................................................... 12-9 Binning systems ...................................................................... 12-11 Handler interface ............................................................. 12-11 Digital I/O connector ............................................... 12-11 Digital output lines ................................................... 12-12 SOT line ................................................................... 12-12 /INT line ................................................................... 12-12 Handler types ................................................................... 12-12 Category pulse component handler .......................... 12-13 Category register component handler ...................... 12-13 Basic binning systems ..................................................... 12-14 Single-element device binning ................................. 12-14 Multiple-element device binning ............................. 12-15 Digital output clear pattern .............................................. 12-17 Enabling auto-clear .................................................. 12-17 Auto-clear timing ..................................................... 12-18
Configuring and performing limit tests .................................. Configuring limit tests ..................................................... Performing front panel limit tests ................................... Step 1: Configure test system. ................................. Step 2: Configure source-measure functions. .......... Step 3: Configure limit tests. ................................... Step 4: Turn output on. ............................................ Step 5: Start testing process. .................................... Step 6: Stop testing process. .................................... Remote limit testing ............................................................... Limit commands ............................................................. Limit test programming example ....................................
13
12-19 12-19 12-21 12-21 12-21 12-22 12-22 12-22 12-22 12-23 12-23 12-24
Digital I/O Port, Safety Interlock, and Output Configuration Digital I/O port ......................................................................... 13-2 Port configuration .............................................................. 13-2 Digital output lines .................................................... 13-2 SOT line ..................................................................... 13-3 Interlock line .............................................................. 13-3 +5V output ................................................................. 13-3 Digital output configuration .............................................. 13-3 Sink operation ............................................................ 13-3 Source operation ........................................................ 13-4 Controlling digital output lines ......................................... 13-4 Front panel digital output control .............................. 13-4 Remote digital output control .................................... 13-5 Safety interlock ........................................................................ 13-5 Front panel output configuration .............................................. 13-7 Configure OUTPUT menu ................................................ 13-7 Output-off states ................................................................ 13-8 HIGH IMPEDANCE ................................................. 13-8 NORMAL .................................................................. 13-8 ZERO ......................................................................... 13-9 GUARD ..................................................................... 13-9 Output-off states and inductive loads .............................. 13-10 Remote output configuration .................................................. 13-11 Output configuration commands ..................................... 13-11 Output configuration programming example .................. 13-12
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Remote Operations Differences: remote vs. local operation .................................... 14-2 Operation enhancements (remote operation) .................... 14-2 Math expressions ........................................................ 14-2 Concurrent measurements .......................................... 14-2 Local-to-remote transition ................................................. 14-2 Remote-to-local transition ................................................. 14-3 Selecting an interface ............................................................... 14-3 GPIB operation ......................................................................... 14-4 GPIB standards .................................................................. 14-4 GPIB connections .............................................................. 14-4 Primary address ................................................................. 14-6 General bus commands ............................................................. 14-7 REN (remote enable) ......................................................... 14-7 IFC (interface clear) .......................................................... 14-7 LLO (local lockout) ........................................................... 14-8 GTL (go to local) ............................................................... 14-8 DCL (device clear) ............................................................ 14-8 SDC (selective device clear) .............................................. 14-8 GET (group execute trigger) ............................................. 14-8 SPE, SPD (serial polling) .................................................. 14-9 Front panel GPIB operation ...................................................... 14-9 Error and status messages ................................................. 14-9 GPIB status indicators ....................................................... 14-9 REM ........................................................................... 14-9 TALK ....................................................................... 14-10 LSTN ........................................................................ 14-10 SRQ .......................................................................... 14-10 LOCAL key ..................................................................... 14-10 Programming syntax ............................................................... 14-11 Command words ............................................................. 14-11 Commands and command parameters ..................... 14-11 Query commands ............................................................. 14-13 Case sensitivity ................................................................ 14-13 Long-form and short-form versions ................................ 14-14 Short-form rules .............................................................. 14-14 Program messages ........................................................... 14-15 Single command messages ....................................... 14-15 Multiple command messages ................................... 14-15 Command path rules ................................................ 14-16 Using common and SCPI commands in the same message ....................................................... 14-16 Program message terminator (PMT) ........................ 14-16 Command execution rules ........................................ 14-16
Response messages ......................................................... Sending a response message .................................... Multiple response messages .................................... Response message terminator (RMT) ..................... Message exchange protocol ............................................ RS-232 interface operation .................................................... Sending and receiving data ............................................. Baud rate ......................................................................... Data bits and parity ......................................................... Terminator ....................................................................... Flow control (signal handshaking) .................................. RS-232 connections ........................................................ Error messages ................................................................ Programming example ....................................................
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14-17 14-17 14-17 14-17 14-17 14-18 14-18 14-18 14-18 14-19 14-19 14-19 14-21 14-21
Status Structure Overview .................................................................................. 15-2 Status byte and SRQ ......................................................... 15-2 Status register sets ............................................................. 15-2 Queues ............................................................................... 15-2 Clearing registers and queues ................................................... 15-4 Programming and reading registers ......................................... 15-5 Programming enable registers ........................................... 15-5 Reading registers ............................................................... 15-6 Status byte and service request (SRQ) ..................................... 15-7 Status byte register ............................................................ 15-8 Service request enable register .......................................... 15-9 Serial polling and SRQ ..................................................... 15-9 SPE, SPD (serial polling) .......................................... 15-9 Status byte and service request commands ..................... 15-10 Programming example – set MSS (B6) when error occurs ................................................ 15-10 Status register sets .................................................................. 15-11 Register bit descriptions .................................................. 15-11 Standard Event Register ........................................... 15-11 Operation Event Register ......................................... 15-12 Measurement Event Register ................................... 15-13 Questionable Event Register .................................... 15-15 Condition registers .......................................................... 15-16 Event registers ................................................................. 15-16 Event enable registers ..................................................... 15-17 Programming example — program and read register set .................................................... 15-18
Queues .................................................................................... 15-18 Output queue ................................................................... 15-18 Error queue ...................................................................... 15-19 Programming example — read error queue ............. 15-20
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Common Commands Command summary .................................................................. 16-2 Command reference .................................................................. 16-3 *IDN? — identification query ........................................... 16-3 *OPC — operation complete ............................................ 16-3 *OPC? — operation complete query ................................ 16-3 *OPC programming example ..................................... 16-4 *SAV
— save ........................................................ 16-4 *RCL — recall ...................................................... 16-4 *SAV, *RCL programming example .......................... 16-5 *RST — reset .................................................................... 16-5 *TRG — trigger ................................................................ 16-5 *TRG programming example .................................... 16-6 *TST? — self-test query ................................................... 16-6 *WAI — wait-to-continue ................................................. 16-7
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SCPI Signal Oriented Measurement Commands Command summary .................................................................. 17-2 Configuring measurement function .......................................... 17-2 :CONFigure: .................................................... 17-2 Acquiring readings ................................................................... 17-3 :FETCh? ............................................................................ 17-3 [:SENSe[1]]:DATA[:LATest]? ........................................... 17-4 :READ? ............................................................................. 17-4 :MEASure[:]? .................................................. 17-5
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SCPI Command Reference Reference tables ........................................................................ 18-2 Calculate subsystems .............................................................. 18-24 CALCulate[1] ......................................................................... 18-24 Select (create) math expression name ............................. 18-24 CATalog? .................................................................. 18-24 NAME ........................................................ 18-24 Program examples .................................................... 18-26 :DELete[:SELected] ................................... 18-29 :DELete:ALL ........................................................... 18-29 Assign unit suffix ............................................................. 18-29 :UNITs ....................................................... 18-29
Define math expression ................................................... [:EXPRession]