Something About Windows,file Extensions

You’ve read the reviews and digested the key feature enhancements and operational changes. Now it’s time to delve a bit deeper and uncover some of Windows XP’s secrets. 1. It boasts how long it can stay up. Whereas previous versions of Windows were coy about how long they went between boots, XP is positively proud of its stamina. Go to the Command Prompt in the Accessories menu from the All Programs start button option, and then type ’systeminfo’. The computer will produce a lot of useful info, including the uptime. If you want to keep these, type ’systeminfo > info.txt’. This creates a file called info.txt you can look at later with Notepad. (Professional Edition only). 2. You can delete files immediately, without having them move to the Recycle Bin first. Go to the Start menu, select Run… and type ‘gpedit.msc’; then select User Configuration, Administrative Templates, Windows Components, Windows Explorer and find the Do not move deleted files to the Recycle Bin setting. Set it. Poking around in gpedit will reveal a great many interface and system options, but take care — some may stop your computer behaving as you wish. (Professional Edition only). 3. You can lock your XP workstation with two clicks of the mouse. Create a new shortcut on your desktop using a right mouse click, and enter ‘rundll32.exe user32.dll,LockWorkStation’ in the location field. Give the shortcut a name you like. That’s it — just double click on it and your computer will be locked. And if that’s not easy enough, Windows key + L will do the same. 4. XP hides some system software you might want to remove, such as Windows Messenger, but you can tickle it and make it disgorge everything. Using Notepad or Edit, edit the text file /windows/inf/sysoc.inf, search for the word ‘hide’ and remove it. You can then go to the Add or Remove Programs in the Control Panel, select Add/Remove Windows Components and there will be your prey, exposed and vulnerable. 5. For those skilled in the art of DOS batch files, XP has a number of interesting new commands. These include ‘eventcreate’ and ‘eventtriggers’ for creating and watching system events, ‘typeperf’ for monitoring performance of various subsystems, and ’schtasks’ for handling scheduled tasks. As usual, typing the command name followed by /? will give a list of options — they’re all far too baroque to go into here. 6. XP has IP version 6 support — the next generation of IP. Unfortunately this is more than your ISP has, so you can only experiment with this on your LAN. Type ‘ipv6 install’ into Run… (it’s OK, it won’t ruin your existing network setup) and then ‘ipv6 /?’ at the command line to find out

more. If you don’t know what IPv6 is, don’t worry and don’t bother. 7. You can at last get rid of tasks on the computer from the command line by using ‘taskkill /pid’ and the task number, or just ‘tskill’ and the process number. Find that out by typing ‘tasklist’, which will also tell you a lot about what’s going on in your system. 8. XP will treat Zip files like folders, which is nice if you’ve got a fast machine. On slower machines, you can make XP leave zip files well alone by typing ‘regsvr32 /u zipfldr.dll’ at the command line. If you change your mind later, you can put things back as they were by typing ‘regsvr32 zipfldr.dll’. 9. XP has ClearType — Microsoft’s anti-aliasing font display technology — but doesn’t have it enabled by default. It’s well worth trying, especially if you were there for DOS and all those years of staring at a screen have given you the eyes of an astigmatic bat. To enable ClearType, right click on the desktop, select Properties, Appearance, Effects, select ClearType from the second drop-down menu and enable the selection. Expect best results on laptop displays. If you want to use ClearType on the Welcome login screen as well, set the registry entry HKEY_USERS/.DEFAULT/Control Panel/Desktop/FontSmoothingType to 2. 10. You can use Remote Assistance to help a friend who’s using network address translation (NAT) on a home network, but not automatically. Get your pal to email you a Remote Assistance invitation and edit the file. Under the RCTICKET attribute will be a NAT IP address, like 192.168.1.10. Replace this with your chum’s real IP address — they can find this out by going to Code:

http://www.whatismyip.com

— and get them to make sure that they’ve got port 3389 open on their firewall and forwarded to the errant computer.

11. You can run a program as a different user without logging out and back in again. Right click the icon, select Run As… and enter the user name and password you want to use. This only applies for that run. The trick is particularly useful if you need to have administrative permissions to install a program, which many require. Note that you can have some fun by

running programs multiple times on the same system as different users, but this can have unforeseen effects.

12. Windows XP can be very insistent about you checking for auto updates, registering a Passport, using Windows Messenger and so on. After a while, the nagging goes away, but if you feel you might slip the bonds of sanity before that point, run Regedit, go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER/Software/Microsoft/Windows/Current Version/Explorer/Advanced and create a DWORD value called EnableBalloonTips with a value of 0.

13. You can start up without needing to enter a user name or password. Select Run… from the start menu and type ‘control userpasswords2′, which will open the user accounts application. On the Users tab, clear the box for Users Must Enter A User Name And Password To Use This Computer, and click on OK. An Automatically Log On dialog box will appear; enter the user name and password for the account you want to use.

14. Internet Explorer 6 will automatically delete temporary files, but only if you tell it to. Start the browser, select Tools / Internet Options… and Advanced, go down to the Security area and check the box to Empty Temporary Internet Files folder when browser is closed.

15. XP comes with a free Network Activity Light, just in case you can’t see the LEDs twinkle on your network card. Right click on My Network Places on the desktop, then select Properties. Right click on the description for your LAN or dial-up connection, select Properties, then check the Show icon in notification area when connected box. You’ll now see a tiny network icon on the right of your task bar that glimmers nicely during network traffic.

16. The Start Menu can be leisurely when it decides to appear, but you can speed things along by changing the registry entry HKEY_CURRENT_USER/Control Panel/Desktop/MenuShowDelay from the default 400 to something a little snappier. Like 0.

17. You can rename loads of files at once in Windows Explorer. Highlight a set of files in a window, then right click on one and rename it. All the other files will be renamed to that name, with individual numbers in brackets to distinguish them. Also, in a folder you can arrange icons in alphabetised groups by View, Arrange Icon By… Show In Groups.

18. Windows Media Player will display the cover art for albums as it plays the tracks — if it

found the picture on the Internet when you copied the tracks from the CD. If it didn’t, or if you have lots of pre-WMP music files, you can put your own copy of the cover art in the same directory as the tracks. Just call it folder.jpg and Windows Media Player will pick it up and display it.

19. Windows key + Break brings up the System Properties dialogue box; Windows key + D brings up the desktop; Windows key + Tab moves through the taskbar buttons.

Windows uses 20% of your bandwidth Here's how to Get it back A nice little tweak for XP. Microsoft reserve 20% of your available bandwidth for their own purposes (suspect for updates and interrogating your machine etc..) Here's how to get it back: Click Start-->Run-->type "gpedit.msc" without the " This opens the group policy editor. Then go to: Local Computer Policy-->Computer Configuration-->Administrative Templates-->Network-->QOS Packet Scheduler-->Limit Reservable Bandwidth Double click on Limit Reservable bandwidth. It will say it is not configured, but the truth is under the 'Explain' tab : "By default, the Packet Scheduler limits the system to 20 percent of the bandwidth of a connection, but you can use this setting to override the default." So the trick is to ENABLE reservable bandwidth, then set it to ZERO. This will allow the system to reserve nothing, rather than the default 20%. Command Prompt

ANSI.SYS Defines functions that change display graphics, control cursor movement, and reassign keys. APPEND Causes MS-DOS to look in other directories when editing a file or running a command. ARP Displays, adds, and removes arp information from network devices. ASSIGN Assign a drive letter to an alternate letter. ASSOC View the file associations. AT Schedule a time to execute commands or programs. ATMADM Lists connections and addresses seen by Windows ATM call manager. ATTRIB Display and change file attributes. BATCH Recovery console command that executes a series of commands in a file. BOOTCFG Recovery console command that allows a user to view, modify, and rebuild the boot.ini BREAK Enable / disable CTRL + C feature. CACLS View and modify file ACL's. CALL Calls a batch file from another batch file. CD Changes directories. CHCP Supplement the International keyboard and character set information. CHDIR Changes directories. CHKDSK Check the hard disk drive running FAT for errors. CHKNTFS Check the hard disk drive running NTFS for errors. CHOICE Specify a listing of multiple options within a batch file. CLS Clears the screen. CMD Opens the command interpreter. COLOR Easily change the foreground and background color of the MS-DOS window. COMP Compares files. COMPACT Compresses and uncompress files. CONTROL Open control panel icons from the MS-DOS prompt. CONVERT Convert FAT to NTFS. COPY Copy one or more files to an alternate location. CTTY Change the computers input/output devices. DATE View or change the systems date. DEBUG Debug utility to create assembly programs to modify hardware settings. DEFRAG Re-arrange the hard disk drive to help with loading programs. DEL Deletes one or more files. DELETE Recovery console command that deletes a file. DELTREE Deletes one or more files and/or directories. DIR List the contents of one or more directory. DISABLE Recovery console command that disables Windows system services or drivers. DISKCOMP Compare a disk with another disk. DISKCOPY Copy the contents of one disk and place them on another disk. DOSKEY Command to view and execute commands that have been run in the past. DOSSHELL A GUI to help with early MS-DOS users. DRIVPARM Enables overwrite of original device drivers. ECHO Displays messages and enables and disables echo. EDIT View and edit files. EDLIN View and edit files. EMM386 Load extended Memory Manager. ENABLE Recovery console command to enable a disable service or driver. ENDLOCAL Stops the localization of the environment changes enabled by the setlocal command. ERASE Erase files from computer.

EXIT Exit from the command interpreter. EXPAND Expand a M*cros*ft Windows file back to it's original format. EXTRACT Extract files from the M*cros*ft Windows cabinets. FASTHELP Displays a listing of MS-DOS commands and information about them. FC Compare files. FDISK Utility used to create partitions on the hard disk drive. FIND Search for text within a file. FINDSTR Searches for a string of text within a file. FIXBOOT Writes a new boot sector. FIXMBR Writes a new boot record to a disk drive. FOR Boolean used in batch files. FORMAT Command to erase and prepare a disk drive. FTP Command to connect and operate on a FTP server. FTYPE Displays or modifies file types used in file extension associations. GOTO Moves a batch file to a specific label or location. GRAFTABL Show extended characters in graphics mode. HELP Display a listing of commands and brief explanation. IF Allows for batch files to perform conditional processing. IFSHLP.SYS 32-bit file manager. IPCONFIG Network command to view network adapter settings and assigned values. KEYB Change layout of keyboard. LABEL Change the label of a disk drive. LH Load a device driver in to high memory. LISTSVC Recovery console command that displays the services and drivers. LOADFIX Load a program above the first 64k. LOADHIGH Load a device driver in to high memory. LOCK Lock the hard disk drive. LOGON Recovery console command to list installations and enable administrator login. MAP Displays the device name of a drive. MD Command to create a new directory. MEM Display memory on system. MKDIR Command to create a new directory. MODE Modify the port or display settings. MORE Display one page at a time. MOVE Move one or more files from one directory to another directory. MSAV Early M*cros*ft Virus scanner. MSD Diagnostics utility. MSCDEX Utility used to load and provide access to the CD-ROM. NBTSTAT Displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP connections using NBT NET Update, fix, or view the network or network settings NETSH Configure dynamic and static network information from MS-DOS. NETSTAT Display the TCP/IP network protocol statistics and information. NLSFUNC Load country specific information. NSLOOKUP Look up an IP address of a domain or host on a network. PATH View and modify the computers path location. PATHPING View and locate locations of network latency. PAUSE Command used in batch files to stop the processing of a command. PING Test / send information to another network computer or network device. POPD Changes to the directory or network path stored by the pushd command. POWER Conserve power with computer portables. PRINT Prints data to a printer port. PROMPT View and change the MS-DOS prompt.

PUSHD Stores a directory or network path in memory so it can be returned to at any time. QBASIC Open the QBasic. RD Removes an empty directory. REN Renames a file or directory. RENAME Renames a file or directory. RMDIR Removes an empty directory. ROUTE View and configure windows network route tables. RUNAS Enables a user to execute a program on another computer. SCANDISK Run the scandisk utility. SCANREG Scan registry and recover registry from errors. SET Change one variable or string to another. SETLOCAL Enables local environments to be changed without affecting anything else. SETVER Change MS-DOS version to trick older MS-DOS programs. SHARE Installs support for file sharing and locking capabilities. SHIFT Changes the position of replaceable parameters in a batch program. SHUTDOWN Shutdown the computer from the MS-DOS prompt. SMARTDRV Create a disk cache in conventional memory or extended memory. SORT Sorts the input and displays the output to the screen. START Start a separate window in Windows from the MS-DOS prompt. SUBST Substitute a folder on your computer for another drive letter. SWITCHES Remove add functions from MS-DOS. SYS Transfer system files to disk drive. TELNET Telnet to another computer / device from the prompt. TIME View or modify the system time. TITLE Change the title of their MS-DOS window. TRACERT Visually view a network packets route across a network. TREE View a visual tree of the hard disk drive. TYPE Display the contents of a file. UNDELETE Undelete a file that has been deleted. UNFORMAT Unformat a hard disk drive. UNLOCK Unlock a disk drive. VER Display the version information. VERIFY Enables or disables the feature to determine if files have been written properly. VOL Displays the volume information about the designated drive. XCOPY Copy multiple files, directories, and/or drives from one location to another. TRUENAME When placed before a file, will display the whole directory in which it exists TASKKILL It allows you to kill those unneeded or locked up applications

Run Commands To Access The Control Panel Code: Add/Remove Programs control appwiz.cpl Date/Time Properties control timedate.cpl Display Properties control desk.cpl FindFast control findfast.cpl Fonts Folder control fonts Internet Properties control inetcpl.cpl Keyboard Properties control main.cpl keyboard Mouse Properties control main.cpl Multimedia Properties control mmsys.cpl

Network Properties control netcpl.cpl Password Properties control password.cpl Printers Folder control printers Sound Properties control mmsys.cpl sounds System Properties control sysdm.cp

Run Commands: Code: compmgmt.msc - Computer management devmgmt.msc - Device manager diskmgmt.msc - Disk management dfrg.msc - Disk defrag eventvwr.msc - Event viewer fsmgmt.msc - Shared folders gpedit.msc - Group policies lusrmgr.msc - Local users and groups perfmon.msc - Performance monitor rsop.msc - Resultant set of policies secpol.msc - Local security settings services.msc - Various Services msconfig - System Configuration Utility regedit - Registry Editor msinfo32 _ System Information sysedit _ System Edit win.ini _ windows loading information(also system.ini) winver _ Shows current version of windows mailto: _ Opens default email client command _ Opens command prompt

Windows XP Shortcuts:

ALT+- (ALT+hyphen) Displays the Multiple Document Interface (MDI) child window's System menu ALT+ENTER View properties for the selected item ALT+ESC Cycle through items in the order they were opened ALT+F4 Close the active item, or quit the active program ALT+SPACEBAR Display the System menu for the active window ALT+TAB Switch between open items ALT+Underlined letter Display the corresponding menu BACKSPACE View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer CTRL+A Select all CTRL+B Bold CTRL+C Copy CTRL+I Italics CTRL+O Open an item CTRL+U Underline

CTRL+V Paste CTRL+X Cut CTRL+Z Undo CTRL+F4 Close the active document CTRL while dragging Copy selected item CTRL+SHIFT while dragging Create shortcut to selected iteM CTRL+RIGHT ARROW Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word CTRL+LEFT ARROW Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word CTRL+DOWN ARROW Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph CTRL+UP ARROW Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph SHIFT+DELETE Delete selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin ESC Cancel the current task F1 Displays Help F2 Rename selected item F3 Search for a file or folder F4 Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer F5 Refresh the active window F6 Cycle through screen elements in a window or on the desktop F10 Activate the menu bar in the active program SHIFT+F10 Display the shortcut menu for the selected item CTRL+ESC Display the Start menu SHIFT+CTRL+ESC Launches Task Manager SHIFT when you insert a CD Prevent the CD from automatically playing WIN Display or hide the Start menu WIN+BREAK Display the System Properties dialog box WIN+D Minimizes all Windows and shows the Desktop WIN+E Open Windows Explorer WIN+F Search for a file or folder WIN+F+CTRL Search for computers WIN+L Locks the desktop WIN+M Minimize or restore all windows WIN+R Open the Run dialog box WIN+TAB Switch between open items

Windows Explorer Shortcuts:

Code: ALT+SPACEBAR - Display the current window’s system menu SHIFT+F10 - Display the item's context menu CTRL+ESC - Display the Start menu ALT+TAB - Switch to the window you last used ALT+F4 - Close the current window or quit CTRL+A - Select all items CTRL+X - Cut selected item(s) CTRL+C - Copy selected item(s) CTRL+V - Paste item(s) CTRL+Z - Undo last action CTRL+(+) - Automatically resize the columns in the right hand pane TAB - Move forward through options

ALT+RIGHT ARROW - Move forward to a previous view ALT+LEFT ARROW - Move backward to a previous view SHIFT+DELETE - Delete an item immediately BACKSPACE - View the folder one level up ALT+ENTER - View an item’s properties F10 - Activate the menu bar in programs F6 - Switch between left and right panes F5 - Refresh window contents F3 - Display Find application F2 - Rename selected item

Internet Explorer Shortcuts:

CTRL+A - Select all items on the current page CTRL+D - Add the current page to your Favorites CTRL+E - Open the Search bar CTRL+F - Find on this page CTRL+H - Open the History bar CTRL+I - Open the Favorites bar CTRL+N - Open a new window CTRL+O - Go to a new location CTRL+P - Print the current page or active frame CTRL+S - Save the current page CTRL+W - Close current browser window CTRL+ENTER - Adds the http://www. (url) .com SHIFT+CLICK - Open link in new window BACKSPACE - Go to the previous page ALT+HOME - Go to your Home page HOME - Move to the beginning of a document TAB - Move forward through items on a page END - Move to the end of a document ESC - Stop downloading a page F11 - Toggle full-screen view F5 - Refresh the current page F4 - Display list of typed addresses F6 - Change Address bar and page focus ALT+RIGHT ARROW - Go to the next page SHIFT+CTRL+TAB - Move back between frames SHIFT+F10 - Display a shortcut menu for a link SHIFT+TAB - Move back through the items on a page CTRL+TAB - Move forward between frames CTRL+C - Copy selected items to the clipboard CTRL+V - Insert contents of the clipboard ENTER - Activate a selected link HOME - Move to the beginning of a document END - Move to the end of a document F1 - Display Internet Explorer Help

Accessibility Shortcuts

Code: Tap SHIFT 5 times - Toggles StickyKeys on and off. Press down and hold the right SHIFT key for 8 seconds - Toggles FilterKeys on and off. Press down and hold the NUM LOCK key for 5 seconds - Toggles ToggleKeys on and off. Left ALT+left SHIFT+NUM LOCK - Toggles MouseKeys on and off. Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN - Toggles High Contrast on and off.

Easy move through Powerpoint

Code: Apply subscript formatting - CTRL+EQUAL SIGN (=) Apply superscript formatting - CTRL+PLUS SIGN (+) Bold - CTRL+B Capitalize - SHIFT+F3 Copy - CTRL+C Delete a word - CTRL+BACKSPACE Demote a paragraph - ALT+SHIFT+RIGHT ARROW Find - CTRL+F Insert a hyperlink - CTRL+K Insert a new slide - CTRL+M Italicize - CTRL+I Make a duplicate of the current slide - CTRL+D Open - CTRL+O Open the Font dialog box - CTRL+T Paste - CTRL+V Print - CTRL+P Promote a paragraph - ALT+SHIFT+LEFT ARROW Repeat your last action - F4 or CTRL+Y Save - CTRL+S Select all - CTRL+A Start a slide show - F5 Switch to the next pane (clockwise) - F6 Switch to the previous pane - SHIFT+F6 Undo - CTRL+Z View guides - CTRL+G

Excel Time saving Shortcuts

Move to next cell in row - Tab Move to previous cell in row - Shift + Tab Up one screen - Page Up Down one screen - Page Down Move to next worksheet - Ctrl + Page Down Move to previous worksheet - Ctrl + Page Up Go to first cell in data region - Ctrl + Home

Go to last cell in data region - Ctrl + End Bold toggle for selection - Ctrl + B Italic toggle for selection - Ctrl + I Underline toggle for selection - Ctrl + U Strikethrough for selection - Ctrl + 5 Change the font - Ctrl + Shift + F Change the font size - Ctrl + Shift + P Apply outline borders - Ctrl + Shift + 7 Remove all borders - Ctrl + Shift + Underline Wrap text in same cell - Alt + Enter Format cells - Ctrl + 1 Select font - Ctrl + Shift + F Select point size - Ctrl + Shift + P Format as currency - Ctrl + Shift + 4 Format as general - Ctrl + Shift + # (hash sign) Format as percentage - Ctrl + Shift + 5 Format as number - Ctrl + Shift + 1 Autosum a range of cells - Alt + Equals Sign Insert the date - Ctrl + ; (semi-colon) Insert the time - Ctrl + Shift + ; (semi-colon) Insert columns/rows - Ctrl + Shift + + (plus sign) Insert a new worksheet - Shift + F11 Read Monitor Cell One - Alt + Shift + 1 Read Monitor Cell Two - Alt + Shift + 2 Read Monitor Cell Three - Alt + Shift + 3 Read Monitor Cell Four - Alt + Shift + 4 List Visible Cells With Data - Ctrl + Shift + D Lists Data In Current Column - Ctrl + Shift + C List Data In Current Row - Ctrl + Shift + R Select Hyperlink - Ctrl + Shift + H Move To Worksheet Listbox - Ctrl + Shift + S Move To Monitor Cell - Ctrl + Shift + M Select Worksheet Objects - Ctrl + Shift + O List Cells At Page Breaks - Ctrl + Shift + B Options Listbox - Insert + V

Microsoft Office Keyboard Shortcut Keys Important Word Shortcuts All Caps - CTRL+SHIFT+A Annotation - ALT+CTRL+M Auto Format - ALT+CTRL+K Auto Text - F3 or ALT+CTRL+V Bold - CTRL+B or CTRL+SHIFT+B Bookmark - CTRL+SHIFT+F5 Copy - CTRL+C or CTRL+INSERT Copy Format - CTRL+SHIFT+C Copy Text - SHIFT+F2 Create Auto Text - ALT+F3 Date Field - ALT+SHIFT+D

Delete Back Word - CTRL+BACKSPACE Delete Word - CTRL+DELETE Dictionary - ALT+SHIFT+F7 Do Field Click - ALT+SHIFT+F9 Doc Maximize - CTRL+F10 Doc Move - CTRL+F7 Doc Restore - CTRL+F5 Doc Size - CTRL+F8 Grow Font - CTRL+SHIFT+. Grow Font One Point - CTRL+]Hanging Indent - CTRL+T Header Footer Link - ALT+SHIFT+R Help - F1 Hidden - CTRL+SHIFT+H Hyperlink - CTRL+K Indent - CTRL+M Italic - CTRL+I or CTRL+SHIFT+I Justify Para - CTRL+J Left Para - CTRL+L Line Up Extend - SHIFT+UP List Num Field - ALT+CTRL+L Outline - ALT+CTRL+O Outline Collapse - ALT+SHIFT+- or ALT+SHIFT+NUM Outline Demote - ALT+SHIFT+RIGHT Outline Expand - ALT+SHIFT+= Outline Expand - ALT+SHIFT+NUM + Outline Move Down - ALT+SHIFT+DOWN Outline Move Up - ALT+SHIFT+UP Outline Promote - ALT+SHIFT+LEFT Outline Show First Line - ALT+SHIFT+L Lock Fields - CTRL+3 or CTRL+F11 Web Go Back - ALT+LEFT Web Go Forward - ALT+RIGHT Word Left - CTRL+LEFT Word Left Extend - CTRL+SHIFT+LEFT Word Right - CTRL+RIGHT

Commands: 1. Accessibility Controls - access.cpl 2. Accessibility Wizard - accwiz 3. Add Hardware Wizard - hdwwiz.cpl 4. Add/Remove Programs - appwiz.cpl 5. Administrative Tools - control admintools 6. Automatic Updates - wuaucpl.cpl 7. Bluetooth Transfer Wizard - fsquirt 8. Calculator - calc 9. Certificate Manager - certmgr.msc 10. Character Map - charmap 11. Check Disk Utility - chkdsk 12. Clipboard Viewer - clipbrd

13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56.

Command Prompt - cmd Component Services - dcomcnfg Computer Management - compmgmt.msc Control Panel - control Date and Time Properties - timedate.cpl DDE Shares - ddeshare Device Manager - devmgmt.msc Direct X Troubleshooter - dxdiag Disk Cleanup Utility - cleanmgr Disk Defragment - dfrg.msc Disk Management - diskmgmt.msc Disk Partition Manager - diskpart Display Properties - control desktop Display Properties - desk.cpl Dr. Watson System Troubleshooting Utility - drwtsn32 Driver Verifier Utility - verifier Event Viewer - eventvwr.msc Files and Settings Transfer Tool - migwiz File Signature Verification Tool - sigverif Findfast - findfast.cpl Firefox - firefox Folders Properties - control folders Fonts - control fonts Fonts Folder - fonts Free Cell Card Game - freecell Game Controllers - joy.cpl Group Policy Editor (for xp professional) - gpedit.msc Hearts Card Game - mshearts Help and Support - helpctr HyperTerminal - hypertrm Iexpress Wizard - iexpress Indexing Service - ciadv.msc Internet Connection Wizard - icwconn1 Internet Explorer - iexplore Internet Properties - inetcpl.cpl Keyboard Properties - control keyboard Local Security Settings - secpol.msc Local Users and Groups - lusrmgr.msc Logs You Out Of Windows - logoff Malicious Software Removal Tool - mrt Microsoft Chat - winchat Microsoft Movie Maker - moviemk Microsoft Paint - mspaint Microsoft Syncronization Tool - mobsync

57. Minesweeper Game - winmine 58. Mouse Properties - control mouse 59. Mouse Properties - main.cpl 60. Netmeeting - conf 61. Network Connections - control netconnections 62. Network Connections - ncpa.cpl 63. Network Setup Wizard - netsetup.cpl 64. Notepad - notepad 65. Object Packager - packager 66. ODBC Data Source Administrator - odbccp32.cpl 67. On Screen Keyboard - osk 68. Outlook Express - msimn 69. Paint - pbrush 70. Password Properties - password.cpl 71. Performance Monitor - perfmon.msc 72. Performance Monitor - perfmon 73. Phone and Modem Options - telephon.cpl 74. Phone Dialer - dialer 75. Pinball Game - pinball 76. Power Configuration - powercfg.cpl 77. Printers and Faxes - control printers 78. Printers Folder - printers 79. Regional Settings - intl.cpl 80. Registry Editor - regedit 81. Registry Editor - regedit32 82. Remote Access Phonebook - rasphone 83. Remote Desktop - mstsc 84. Removable Storage - ntmsmgr.msc 85. Removable Storage Operator Requests - ntmsoprq.msc 86. Resultant Set of Policy (for xp professional) - rsop.msc 87. Scanners and Cameras - sticpl.cpl 88. Scheduled Tasks - control schedtasks 89. Security Center - wscui.cpl 90. Services - services.msc 91. Shared Folders - fsmgmt.msc 92. Shuts Down Windows - shutdown 93. Sounds and Audio - mmsys.cpl 94. Spider Solitare Card Game - spider 95. SQL Client Configuration - cliconfg 96. System Configuration Editor - sysedit 97. System Configuration Utility - msconfig 98. System Information - msinfo32 99. System Properties - sysdm.cpl 100. Task Manager - taskmgr

101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116.

TCP Tester - tcptest Telnet Client - telnet User Account Management - nusrmgr.cpl Utility Manager - utilman Windows Address Book - wab Windows Address Book Import Utility - wabmig Windows Explorer - explorer Windows Firewall - firewall.cpl Windows Magnifier - magnify Windows Management Infrastructure - wmimgmt.msc Windows Media Player - wmplayer Windows Messenger - msmsgs Windows System Security Tool - syskey Windows Update Launches - wupdmgr Windows Version - winver Wordpad – write

Different Extensions:

Sou nd : MPEG-1/2 Audio Layer 3 (.mp3) Ogg Vorbis (.ogg) ASF Audio (.asf,.wma) Wave form audio format (.wav) RealAudio (.ra,.rm) Free Lossless Audio codec(.flac) Advanced Audio coding (.aac) MPEG-4 advanced audio coding (.m4a,.mp4) Musepack (.mpc) TwinVQ(.vqf) 3GP Music (.3gp) AC3 Audio File (.ac3) Adaptive Multi-Rate (.amr)

Adaptive Multi-Rate WB (.awb) Sun Mircrosystem's audio format (.au,.snd) Audio Interchange File Format (.aiff) Purevoice File (.qcp) AMIGA 8bit sound file (.8svx) PSION sound file (.prc) IRCAM sound file (.sf) soundTool (.sndt) PSION 8bit sound file (.wve) soundtracker module (.mod) FastTracker II module (.xm) ImpulseTracker module (.it) ScreamTracker module (.s3m)

Ri ngto ne (Mon oph oni c/ Pol yp hon ic) : MIDI-0 (.mid,.midi) SP-MIDI (.mid,.midi) Midi Karaoke (.kar) MMF/SMAF-1 (.mmf,.smaf) Qualcomm CMX 3.0 (.pmd) Motorola Ringtone (.mot) Sagem Ringtone (.sagem) Sagem Ringtone (.sagem21) Ericsson emelody (.emy) iMelody Ringtone Format (.imv) Ringtones text transfer language (.rttl,.rtx) Nokia phone Ring Tone (.nokia,.ott)

Nokia Phone Ring Tone (.noktxt)

Ima ge : Joint photographic experts group (.jfif,.jif,.jpe,.jpeg,.jpg) Windows bitmap (.bmp) Graphics interchange format (.gif) Truevision TGA (.tga) Portable network graphics (.pgm) AVS X image (.avs) Kodak Cineon Image Format (.cin) ZSoft IBM PC multi-page paintbrush (.dcx) Windows device independent bitmap (.dib) SMPTE digital moving picture exchange (.dpx) Microsoft icon (.ico) Magick image file format (.miff) On-the-air-Bitmap (.otb) Palm pixmap (.palm) Portable bitmap format black/white (.pbm) Xv's Visual Schnauzer thumbnail (.p7) Photo CD (.pcd) Zsoft IBM PC Paintbrush file (.pcx) Apple Mcintosh QuickDraw (.pict) Portable Pixmap format - color (.ppm) Adobe Photoshop bitmap file (.psd) Photo CD - sRGB color (.pcds) Irix RGB image (.sgi) SUN Raster Image (.ras,.sun)

X Windows system bitmap black/white (.xbm) X Windows system pixmap (.xpm) CCIR 601 4:1:1 (.yuv)

Vecto r Do cum ent : Windows Metafile (.wmf) Scalable Vector Graphics (.svg) Magick Vector Graphics (.mvg) AutoCAD Interchange Format (.dxf) Enhanced Metafile (.emf) Encapsulated Postscript (.eps) Computer Graphics Metafile (.cgm) OS/w Metafile (.met) OpenOffice 2.0 Draw Document (.odg) OpenOffice 2.0 Draw Template (.otg) OpenOffice 1.0 Draw Document (.sxd) OpenOffice 1.0 Draw Template (.std)

Do cum ent : Text files (.txt) Url address (web) (.url) HyperTextMarkup Language (.htm,.html) XHTML (.xhtml) Rich Text Format/MS Word (.rtf) Portable Document Format (.pdf)

Adobe Postscript (.ps) Microsoft Word (.doc) MS Word template (.dot) OpenOffice 2.0 Text Document (.odt) OpenOffice 2.0 Text Template (.ott) OpenOffice 1.0 Text Document (.sxw) OpenOffice 1.0 Text Template (.stw) AportisDoc Palm DB (.pdb) Starwriter vorlage/Template (.vor) PocketWord (.psw) Wordperfect 6 (.wpd) MS Word 2003 XML (.xml) Da ta :

Data Interchange Format (.dif) dBASE (.dbf) Microsoft Excel (.xls) MS Excel Vorlage/Template (.xlt) Pocket Excel (.pxl) SYLK (.slk) Lotus 1-2-3 (.123,.wk1) StarCalc (.sdc) StarCalc Template (.vor) OpenOffice 2.0 Spreadsheet (.ods) OpenOffice 2.0 Calc template (.ots) OpenOffice 1.0 spreadsheet (.sxc) OpenOffice 1.0 calc template (.stc)

Ma the ma tic s : MathML (.mml) StarMath (.smf) OpenOffice 2.0 Math (.odf) OpenOffice 1.0 Math (.sxm) Pr ese nta tio n :

Microsoft Powerpoint (.ppt) Microsoft Powerpoint Template (.pot) StarImpress 5.0 (.sdd) StarImpress 5.0 Template (.vor) StarImpress 4.0 (.sdd) StarImpress 4.0 Template (.vor) OpenOffice 2.0 Impress (.odp) OpenOffice 2.0 Impress Template (.otp) OpenOffice 1.0 Impress (.sxi) OpenOffice 1.0 Impress Template (.sti)

Co mpr es se d ar chi ves : Data compression (.zip) 7Z Archive (.7z) LHA Archive (.lha,.lzh)

Roshal ArchiveArchive (.rar) Tape ARchive (.tar) TAR Gzip Compressed archive (.gz) BZ2 compressed archive (.bza) Deepfreezer YZ1 archive (.yz1) Movie : Windows Media Video (.wmv) 3GP/3G2 Video (.3gp) Audio Video Interleave (.avi) Matroska (.mkv) Apple Quicktime (.mov) Motion Picture Expert Group (.pg) Ogg vorbis Compressed video (.ogm) MPEG-4 (.mp4) Flash Video (.flv) DVD Video Object (.vob) FLIC Animation (.fli) Digital Video (.dv) ASF Video (.asf) Google Video File (.gvi) Some of the important cmd prompt commands :

ADDUSERS --Add or list users to/from a CSV file ARP -- Address Resolution Protocol ASSOC -- Change file extension associations

ASSOCIAT --One step file association AT -- Schedule a command to run at a later time ATTRIB --Change file attributes BOOTCFG --Edit Windows boot settings BROWSTAT --Get domain, browser and PDC info CACLS -- Change file permissions CALL --Call one batch program from another CD --Change Directory - move to a specific Folder CHANGE-- Change Terminal Server Session properties CHKDSK -- Check Disk - check and repair disk problems CHKNTFS -- Check the NTFS file system CHOICE --Accept keyboard input to a batch file CIPHER --Encrypt or Decrypt files/folders CleanMgr ---Automated cleanup of Temp files, recycle bin CLEARMEM ---Clear memory leaks CLIP ---Copy STDIN to the Windows clipboard. CLS ---Clear the screen CLUSTER ---Windows Clustering CMD ---Start a new CMD shell COLOR --- Change colors of the CMD window COMP ---Compare the contents of two files or sets of files COMPACT --- Compress files or folders on an NTFS partition COMPRESS ---Compress individual files on an NTFS partition CON2PRT ---Connect or disconnect a Printer CONVERT ---Convert a FAT drive to NTFS. COPY ---Copy one or more files to another location CSCcmd ---Client-side caching (Offline Files) CSVDE ---Import or Export Active Directory data DATE --- Display or set the date Dcomcnfg DCOM ---Configuration Utility DEFRAG ---Defragment hard drive DEL ---Delete one or more files DELPROF--- Delete NT user profiles DELTREE ---Delete a folder and all subfolders DevCon ---Device Manager Command Line Utility

DIR ---Display a list of files and folders DIRUSE --- Display disk usage DISKCOMP--- Compare the contents of two floppy disks DISKCOPY ---Copy the contents of one floppy disk to another DNSSTAT ---DNS Statistics DOSKEY --- Edit command line, recall commands, and create macros DSADD ---Add user (computer, group..) to active directory DSQUERY--- List items in active directory DSMOD ---Modify user (computer, group..) in active directory ECHO--- Display message on screen ENDLOCAL--- End localisation of environment changes in a batch file ERASE ---Delete one or more files EXIT ---Quit the current script/routine and set an errorlevel. EXPAND --- Uncompress files EXTRACT--- Uncompress CAB files FC--- Compare two files FDISK--- Disk Format and partition FIND ---Search for a text string in a file FINDSTR--- Search for strings in files FOR /F ---Loop command: against a set of files FOR /F ---Loop command: against the results of another command FOR ---Loop command: all options Files, Directory, List FORFILES ---Batch process multiple files FORMAT ---Format a disk FREEDISK ---Check free disk space (in bytes) FSUTIL --- File and Volume utilities FTP --- File Transfer Protocol FTYPE--- Display or modify file types used in file extension associations GLOBAL --- Display membership of global groups GOTO ---Direct a batch program to jump to a labelled line HELP--- Online Help HFNETCHK--- Network Security Hotfix Checker

IF--- Conditionally perform a command IFMEMBER Is the current user in an NT Workgroup IPCONFIG Configure IP KILL Remove a program from memory LABEL --- Edit a disk label LOCAL --- Display membership of local groups LOGEVENT--- Write text to the NT event viewer. LOGOFF --- Log a user off LOGTIME --- Log the date and time in a file MAPISEND ---Send email from the command line MEM --- Display memory usage MD --- Create new folders MKLINK --- Create a symbolic link (linkd) MODE ---Configure a system device MORE --- Display output, one screen at a time MOUNTVOL ----Manage a volume mount point MOVE --- Move files from one folder to another MOVEUSER--- Move a user from one domain to another MSG ---Send a message MSIEXEC --- Microsoft Windows Installer MSINFO ---Windows NT diagnostics MSTSC --- Terminal Server Connection (Remote Desktop Protocol) MUNGE --- Find and Replace text within file(s) MV --- Copy in-use files NET --- Manage network resources NETDOM --- Domain Manager NETSH ---Configure network protocols NETSVC ---Command-line Service Controller NBTSTAT --- Display networking statistics (NetBIOS over TCP/IP) NETSTAT --- Display networking statistics (TCP/IP) NOW --- Display the current Date and Time NSLOOKUP--- Name server lookup NTBACKUP ---Backup folders to tape NTRIGHTS E---dit user account rights

PATH --- Display or set a search path for executable files PATHPING ---Trace route plus network latency and packet loss PAUSE --- Suspend processing of a batch file and display a message PERMS --- Show permissions for a user PERFMON ---Performance Monitor PING ---Test a network connection POPD --- Restore the previous value of the current directory saved by PUSHD PORTQRY--- Display the status of ports and services PRINT --- Print a text file PRNCNFG --- Display, configure or rename a printer PRNMNGR --- Add, delete, list printers set the default printer PROMPT --- Change the command prompt PsExec --- Execute process remotely PsFile --- Show files opened remotely PsGetSid --- Display the SID of a computer or a user PsInfo ---List information about a system PsKill --- Kill processes by name or process ID PsList --- List detailed information about processes PsLoggedOn ---Who's logged on (locally or via resource sharing) PsLogList ---Event log records PsPasswd --- Change account password PsService --- View and control services PsShutdown ---Shutdown or reboot a computer PsSuspend ---Suspend processes PUSHD --- Save and then change the current directory QGREP --- Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern. RASDIAL ---Manage RAS connections RASPHONE ---Manage RAS connections RECOVER --- Recover a damaged file from a defective disk. REG --- Registry: Read, Set, Export, Delete keys and values REGEDIT --- Import or export registry settings REGSVR32--- Register or unregister a DLL REGINI ---Change Registry Permissions REM --- Record comments (remarks) in a batch file

REN --- Rename a file or files. REPLACE --- Replace or update one file with another RD ---Delete folder(s) [remove dir] RDISK ---Create a Recovery Disk RMTSHARE ---Share a folder or a printer ROBOCOPY--- Robust File and Folder Copy ROUTE --- Manipulate network routing tables RUNAS --- Execute a program under a different user account RUNDLL32--- Run a DLL command (add/remove print connections) SC --- Service Control SCHTASKS--- Create or Edit Scheduled Tasks SCLIST --- Display NT Services ScriptIt Control ---GUI applications SET --- Display, set, or remove environment variables SETLOCAL--- Control the visibility of environment variables SETX ---Set environment variables permanently SHARE --- List or edit a file share or print share SHIFT --- Shift the position of replaceable parameters in a batch file SHORTCUT ---Create a windows shortcut (.LNK file) SHOWGRPS ---List the NT Workgroups a user has joined SHOWMBRS ---List the Users who are members of a Workgroup SHUTDOWN ---Shutdown the computer SLEEP --- Wait for x seconds SOON --- Schedule a command to run in the near future SORT --- Sort input START --- Start a separate window to run a specified program or command SU ---Switch User SUBINACL ---Edit file and folder Permissions, Ownership and Domain SUBST --- Associate a path with a drive letter SYSTEMINFO--- List system configuration TASKLIST--- List running applications and services TIME ---Display or set the system time TIMEOUT--- Delay processing of a batch file TITLE --- Set the window title for a CMD.EXE session TOUCH --- Change file timestamps TRACERT --- Trace route to a remote host

TREE --- Graphical display of folder structure TYPE --- Display the contents of a text file USRSTAT--- List domain usernames and last login VER ---Display version information VERIFY --- Verify that files have been saved VOL --- Display a disk label WHERE --- Locate and display files in a directory tree WHOAMI --- Output the current UserName and domain WINDIFF --- Compare the contents of two files or sets of files WINMSD --- Windows system diagnostics WINMSDP--- Windows system diagnostics II WMIC ---WMI Commands XCACLS --- Change file permissions XCOPY--- Copy files and folders some tips about internet if u like my uploads and tips don't forgot to Rep me brothers i wan to reveal this to non computers users especially got to run and type cmd and type ipconfig /all and see what is coming now it will list ur ipaddress d.n.s and much more what is i.p address each website in the net will have an i.p address.it will have four blocks separated by three dots how it is used here comes D.N.S since human beings are able to remember words better than numbers so the D.N.s concept applied to remove this difficulty D.N.S it is the abbreviation of domain naming system what is the use of this D.N.S we are now typing Code: http://www.google.co.in/

and not i.p address that we have to type really here the role played by D.N.S D.N.S will convert the this into corresponding ipaddress

and thus we are able to get the corresponding webpage how it will work it will be done by maintaining a database(database is a collections of facts maintained in a easier way by having tables like structure) that is each i.p address and corresponding domain name are mapped

This chart is a list of the most commonly found extensions, what type of file they are and what program if any they are associated with.

.$$$ Temporary file .$$A OS/2 program file .$$F OS/2 database file .$$S OS/2 spreadsheet file .$D$ OS/2 planner file .$DB DBASE IV temporary file .$ED Microsoft C temporary editor file. .$VM Microsoft Windows temporary file for virtual managers. ._DD Norton disk doctor recovery file. ._DM Nuts n Bolts disk minder recovery file. .--- File used to backup sys, ini, dat, and other important files from Windows 3.1 and above. .075 Ventura Publisher 75x75 dpi screen characters .085 Ventura Publisher 85x85 dpi screen characters .091 Ventura Publisher 91x91 dpi screen characters .096 Ventura Publisher 96x96 dpi screen characters .0B Pagemaker printer font LineDraw enhanced characters. .1ST File used by some software manufacturers to represent a file that should be read first before starting the program. .2GR File used in Windows 3.x to display the graphics on older 286 and 386 computers. .386 Virtual machine support files for the 386 enhanced mode. .3GR File used in Windows 3.x to display the graphics on later 386, 486 and Pentium computers. .4SW 4DOS Swap file A A STUDENTSHANGOUT program file or UNIX library .A3W MacroMedia Authorware 3.5 file .ABK Autobackup file used with Corel Draw 6 and above. .ABR Brush file for Adobe Photoshop .ACT Adobe Photoshop Color table file. .AD After Dark file. .ADF Adapter description files. .ADM After Dark screen saver module. .ADR After Dark randomizer .AI Adobe Illustrator file. .AIF Auto Interchange File Format (AIFF) Audio file. .ANI Windows 95 / Windows 98 / Windows NT animated mouse cursor file.

.ANS ANSI text file. .ARJ Compressed file can be used with Winzip / Pkzip. .ASC ASCII Text file .ASF Sort for Advanced Streaming Format, file developed by Microsoft. The .ASF file is generally a movie player and can be open with software such as Windows Media Player. .ASP Microsoft FrontPage Active Server Pages. To open these files use your internet browser. .AVI Windows Movie file. B .BAK Backup file used for important windows files usually used with the System.ini and the Win.ini. .BAS QBasic program and or Visual Basic Module. .BAT Batch file that can perform tasks for you in dos, like a macro. .BFC Microsoft Windows 95 / Windows 98 Briefcase file. .BG Backgammon game file. .BIN Translation tables for code pages other than the standard 437. .BK2 Word Perfect for Windows Backup file .BK3 Word Perfect for Windows Backup file .BK4 Word Perfect for Windows Backup file .BK5 Word Perfect for Windows Backup file .BK6 Word Perfect for Windows Backup file .BK7 Word Perfect for Windows Backup file .BK8 Word Perfect for Windows Backup file .BK9 Word Perfect for Windows Backup file .BMP Graphical Bit Mapped File used in Windows Paintbrush. .BNK Sim City Backup .BPS Microsoft Works Word Processor File. .BPT Corel Draw Bitmap master file .BV1 Word Perfect for Windows Backup file .BV2 Word Perfect for Windows Backup file .BV3 Word Perfect for Windows Backup file .BV4 Word Perfect for Windows Backup file .BV5 Word Perfect for Windows Backup file .BV6 Word Perfect for Windows Backup file .BV7 Word Perfect for Windows Backup file .BV8 Word Perfect for Windows Backup file .BV9 Word Perfect for Windows Backup file .BWP BatteryWatch pro file. C .C C file used with the C programming language. .CAB Cabinet file used in Windows 95 and Windows 98 that contains all the windows files and drivers. Information about how to extract a .CAB file can be found on document CH000363.

.CAL Windows Calendar, Supercalculator4 file or Supercal spreadsheet. .CBL COBOL Program File .CBT Computer Based Training files. .CDA CD Audio Player Track. .CDR Corel Draw Vector file. .CFB Comptons Multimedia file .CFG Configuration file .CFL Corel flowchart file .CFM Corel FontMaster file / Cold Fusion Template file / Visual dBASE windows customer form .CHK Scandisk file which is used to back up information that scandisk has found to be bad, found in C root. Because the information within these files are corrupted or reported as bad by Scandisk it is perfectly fine to delete these files, providing you are currently not missing any information. Additional information about scandisk can be found on our scandisk page. .CL Generic LISP source code. .CL3 Easy CD Creator layout file. .CL4 Easy CD Creator layout file. .CLA Java Class file. .CLG Disk catalog database .CLK Corel R.A.V.E. animation file. .CLL Crick software clicker file .CLO Cloe image .CLP Windows Clipboard / Quattro Pro clip art / Clipper 5 compiler script .CLR WinEdit Colorization word list / 1st reader binary color screen image / PhotStyler color definition .CLS Visual Basic Class module / C++ Class definition .CMD Windows Script File also OS/2 command file. .CMV Corel Movie file. .CNT Help file (.hlp) Contents (and other file contents) .CPL Windows 95 / Windows 98 / Windows NT control panel icons. .CNE Configuration file that builds .COM files. .CNF Configuration file. .COB COBOL source code file. .COD FORTRAN Compiler program code .COM File that can be executed. .CPE Fax cover page file .CPI Code Page Information or Microsoft Windows applet control panel file .CPP C++ source code file. .CRD Windows Card file. .CSV Comma-Separated Variable file. Used primary with databases and spreadsheets / Image file used with CopuShow

.CUR Windows Mouse Cursor. .CVS Canvas drawing file .CXX C++ program file or Zortech C++ file D .DAT Data file, generally associated or extra data for a program to use. .DB Paradox database file / Progress database file .DB2 dBase II file .DBC Microsoft Visiual Foxpro database container .DBF dBase II,III,III+,IV / LotusWorks database. .DBK dBase databse backup / Orcad schematic capture backup file .DBM Cold Fusion template .DBO dBase IV compiled program file .DBQ Paradox memo .DBT dBase database text file .DBV Flexfile memo field file .DBW DataBoss database file .DBX Database file / DataBeam Image / MS Visual Foxpro Table .DEV Device Driver .DIF Document Interchange Format; VisiCalc .DLL Dynamic Link Library; Allow executable code modules to be loaded on demand, linked at run time, and unloaded when not needed. Windows uses these files to support foreign languages and international/nonstandard keyboards. .DMO Demo file .DMP Dump file .DMD Visual dBASE data module .DMF Delusion/XTracker Digital Music File .DMO Demo file .DMP Dump file .DMS Compressed archive file .DOC Microsoft Word Windows/DOS / LotusWorks word processor Windows/DOS /PF S:First Choice Windows/DOS DOT MS Word Windows/DOS. .DOS Text file and DOS Specification Info .DOT Microsoft Word Template (Macro). .DRV Device driver files that attach the hardware to Windows. The different drivers are system, keyboard, pointing devices, sound, printer/ plotter, network, communications adapter. .DRW Micrografx draw/graph files. .DT_ Macintosh Data File Fork .DTA Data file .DTD SGML Document definition file .DTF Q&A database .DTM DigiRekker module .DTP SecurDesk! Desktop / Timeworks Publisher Text Document / Pressworks Template file .DUN Dialup Networking exported file. .DX Document Imaging file / Digital data exchange file .DXB Drawing interchange binary file

.DXF Autocad drawing interchange format file .DXN Fujitsu dexNet fax document .DXR Macromedia director projected movie file .DYN Lotus 1-2-3 file .DWG AutoCad Drawing Database E .EEB Button bar for Equation Editor in Word Perfect for Windows .EFT CHIWRITER high resolution screen characters .EGA EGA screen characters for Ventura Publisher .ELG Event List text file used with Prosa .EMS Enhanced Menu System configuration file for PC Tools .EMU IRMA Workstation for Windows emulation .ENC ADW Knowledge Ware Encyclopedia .END Corel Draw Arrow Definition file .ENG Sprint dictionary file engine .ENV Word Perfect for Windows environment file. .EPG Exported PaGe file used with DynaVox .EPS Encapsulated Postscript, with embedded TIFF preview images. .EQN Word Perfect for Windows Equation file .ERD Entity Relation Diagram graphic file .ERM Entity Relation Diagram model file .ERR Error log file .ESH Extended Shell Batch file .EVT Event file scheduler file for PC Tools .EX3 Device driver for Harvard graphics 3.0 .EXC QEMM exclude file from optimization file or Rexx program file .EXE Executable file. .EXT Extension file for Norton Commander F .FDF Adobe Acrobat Forms document. .FF AGFA CompuGraphics outline font description. .FFA Microsoft Fast Find file. .FFF GUS PnP bank / defFax fax document .FFL Microsoft Fast Find file / PrintMaster Gold form file .FFO Microsoft Fast Find file .FFT DCA/FFT final form text .FFX Microsoft Fast Find file .FON Font files to support display and output devices. .FR3 dBase IV renamed dBase III+ form .FRF FontMonger Font .FRG dBase IV uncompiled report .FRK Compressed zip file used with Apple Macinotsh computers. .FRM Form file used with various programs / Microsoft Visual Basic Form / FrameMaker

document / FrameBuilder file / Oracle executable form / Word Perfect Merge form / DataCAD symbol report file .FRO dBase IV compiled report / FormFlow file .FRP PerForm Pro Plus Form .FRS WordPerfect graphics driver .FRT FoxPro report file .FRX Microsoft Visual basic binary form file / FoxPro report file .FRZ FormFlow file G .GIF CompuServe Graphics Interchange Format. .GR2 286 grabbers that specify which font to use with DOS and Windows. .GR3 386 grabbers that specify which font to use with DOS and Windows. .GRA Microsoft Flight simulator graphics file .GRB Microsoft MS-DOS shell monitor .GRF Micrografx draw/graph files. .GRP Microsoft Program Group. .GZ Compressed Archive file for GZip H .HBK Mathcad handbook file .HDL Procomm Plus alternate download file listing .HDR Procomm Plus message header .HDX Help index .HEX Hex dump .HFI GEM HP font info .HGL HP graphics language graphic .HH C++ Header .HHH Precompiled Header for Power C .HHP Help data for Procomm Plus .HLP Files that contain the Help feature used in windows, cannot be read from DOS. .HQX Apple Macintosh Binhex text conversion file. .HSQ Data files associated with the Qaz Trojan. .HSS Photoshop Hue/Saturation information. .HST History file / Procomm Plus History File / Host file. .HTA Hypertext Application (run applications from HTML document). .HTM Web page files containing HTML or other information found on the Internet. I .ICA Citrix file / IOCA graphics file

.ICB Targa Bitmap .ICC Kodak printer image .ICE Archive file .ICL Icon library file .ICM Image Color Matching profile file .ICN Microsoft Windows Icon Manager. .ICO Microsoft Windows Icondraw / Icon. .ID Disk identification file. .IDB Microsoft developer intermediate file, used with Microsoft Visual Studio .IDD MIDI instruments definition .IDE Integrated Development Environment configuration file .IDF MIDI instruments drivers file .IDQ Internet data query file .IDX Index file .IFF IFF/LBM (Amiga) used by Computer Eyes frame grabber. .IMG GEM/IMG (Digital Research) or Ventura Publisher bitmap graphic .INF Information file that contains customization options. .INI Files that initialize Windows and Windows apps. .IPF Installer Script File / OS/2 online documentation for Microsoft source files. .ISO Compressed file used for an exact duplicate of a CD. .ISO files can be extracted or opened such programs as Win Image that can be found on our shareware download section. .IWA IBM Writing Assistant Text file. J .JAS Graphic .JPG Graphic commonly used on the Internet and capable of being opened by most modern image editors. .JS JavaScript file. .JSB Henter-Joyce Jaws script binary file .JSD eFAX jet suite document .JSE JScript encoded script file .JSH Henter-Joyce Jaws script header file .JSL PaintShop pro file .JSM Henter-Joyce Jaws script message file .JSP Java server page .JSS Henter-Joyce Jaws script source file .JT JT fax file .JTF JPEG tagged Interchange format file .JTK Sun Java toolkit file .JTP JetForm file .JW Justwrite text file .JWL Justwrite text file library .JZZ Jazz spreadsheet K .KAR Karaoke File used with some audio players.

L .LGC Program Use Log File (for Windows Program Use Optimization). .LGO Contains the code for displaying the screen logo. .LOG Contains the process of certain steps, such as when running scandisk it will usually keep a scandisk.log of what occurred. .LNK HTML link file used with Microsoft Internet Explorer. .LWP Lotus Wordpro 96/97 file. M .MAC Macintosh macpaint files. .MBX Microsoft Outlook Express mailbox file. .MD Compressed Archive file .MDA Microsoft Access Add-in / Microsoft Access 2 Workgroup. .MDB Microsoft Access Database / Microsoft Access Application. .MDE Microsoft Access Database File .MDF Menu definition file .MDL Digitrakker Music Module / Rational Rose / Quake model file .MDM Telix Modem Definition .MDN Microsoft Access Blank Database Template .MDP Microsoft Developer Studio Project .MDT Microsoft Access Add-in Data .MDW Microsoft Access Workgroup Information .MDX dBase IV Multiple Index .MDZ Microsoft Access Wizard Template .MEB WordPerfect Macro Editor bottom overflow file .MED WordPerfect Macro Editor delete save / OctaMed tracker module .MEM WordPerfect Macro Editor macro / Memory File of variables .MID Midi orchestra files that are used to play with midi sounds built within the sound card. .MIX Power C object file / Multiplayer Picture file (Microsoft Photodraw 2000 & Microsoft Picture It!) / Command & Conquer Movie/Sound file .MOD Winoldap files that support (with grabbers) data exchange between DOS apps and Windows apps. .MOV File used with Quick Time to display a move. .MP1 MPEG audio stream, layer I .MP2 MPEG audio stream, layer II .MP3 MPEG audio stream, layer III; High compressed audio files generally used to record audio tracks and store them in a decent sized file available for playback. See our MP3 page for additional information. .MPG MPEG movie file. .MSN Microsoft Network document / Decent mission file .MTF Windows metafile.

.MTH Derive Math file .MTM Sound file / MultiTracker music module .MTV Picture file .MTW Minitab data file .MU Quattro menu .MUL Ultima Online game .MUP Music publisher file .MUS Audio file .MVB Database file / Microsoft multimedia viewer file .MVE Interplay video file .MVF Movie stop frame file .MWP Lotus Wordpro 97 smartmaster file .MXD ArcInfo map file .MXT Microsoft C Datafile .MYD Make your point presentation file. N .N64 Nintendo 64 Emulator ROM image. .NA2 Netscape Communicator address book. .NAB Novell Groupwise address book .NAP Napster Music security definition file. .NDF NeoPlanet Browser file .NDX Indexed file for most databases. .NES Nintendo Entertainment system ROM image. .NIL Norton guide online documentation .NGF Enterasys Networks NetSight file. .NHF Nero HFS-CD compilation or a general Nero file .NIL Norton icon lybrary file. .NLB Oracle 7 data file .NLD ATI Radeon video driver file, .NMI SwordSearcher file. .NON LucasArts Star Wars - Tie fighter mouse options file. .NOW Extension commonly used for readme text files. .NRA Nero Audio CD file. .NRB Nero CD-ROM boot file. .NS2 Lotus Notes 2 database, .NS5 Lotus Notes Domino file, .NSO NetStudio easy web graphics file. .NT Windows NT startup file. .NUM File used with some Software Manufactures to store technical support numbers or other

phone numbers, should be readable from DOS and or Windows. O .OCA Control Typelib Cache. .OCX Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) control extension. .OLB Object library .OLD Used for backups of important files incase they are improperly updated or deleted. .OLE Object Linking and Embedding object file .OLI Olivetti text file .ORI Original file. P .PAB Personal Address Book, file used with Microsoft Outlook. .PB WinFax Pro phone book file .PBD PowerBuilder dynamic library / Faxit phone book file .PBF Turtle Beach Pinnacle bank file .PBK Microsoft phonebook file .PBL PowerBuilder library file .PBM UNIX portable bitmap fuke .PBR PowerBuilder resource .PBI Profiler binary input file .PBM PBM portable bit map graphic .PBO Profiler binary output .PBT Profiler binary table .PCX Microsoft Paint & PC Paintbrush Windows/DOS. .PDA Bitmap graphic file .PDB TACT data file .PDD Adobe PhotoDeluxe Image. .PDF Adobe Acrobat Reader file which can only be read by Adobe Acrobat (to get file downloaded Adobe Acrobat from our Download Page. .PDL Borland C++ project description language file. .PDS Graphic file / Pldasm source code file. .PDV Paintbrush printer driver. .PDW Professional Draw document. .PIC Picture / Viewer Frame Class. .PIF Program Information File that configures a DOS app to run efficiently in windows. .PJF Paintjet soft font file. .PL Harvard palette file / PERL program file .PL3 Harvard chart palette .PLB Foxpro library / LogoShow Screensaver file .PLC Lotus Add-in .PLD PLD2 source file .PLG REND386 / AVRIL file

.PLI Oracle 7 data description .PLL Prelinked library .PLM DisorderTracker2 module .PLN WordPerfect spreadsheet file .PLR Descent Pilot file .PLS WinAmp MPEG playlist file / DisorderTracker 2 Sample file / Shoutcast file / MYOB data file .PLT AutoCAD HPGL vector graphic plotter file / Gerber sign-making software file / Betley's CAD Microstation driver configuration for plotting .PLY Autodesk polygon .PP Compressed archive file. .PP4 Picture Publisher. .PP5 Picture Publisher. .PPA Power Point Add-in. .PPB WordPerfect Print preview button bar. .PPD PostScript Printer description. .PPF Turtle Beach Pinnacle program file. .PPI Microsoft PowerPoint graphic file. .PPL Harvard (now Serif) Polaroid Palette Plus ColorKey Driver. .PPM PBM Portable Pixelmap Graphic. .PPO Clipper Preprocessor Output. .PPP Serif PagePlus Publication. .PPS Microsoft PowerPoint Slideshow. .PPT Microsoft PowerPoint presentation. .PPX Serif PagePlus publication. .PPZ Microsoft PowerPoint Packaged Presentation. .PS2 File to support the Micro Channel Architecture in 386 Enhanced mode. .PSD Adobe Photoshop image file. .PST Post Office Box file used with Microsoft Outlook usually mailbox.pst unless named otherwise. .PWA Password agent file. .PWD Password file. .PWF ProCite Workforms .PWL Password file used in Windows 95 and Windows 98 is stored in the Windows directory. .PWP Photoworks image file .PWZ PowerPoint wizard Q .QIC Windows backup file .QT Quick Time Movie File .QXD Quark Express file .QXL Quark Xpress element library .QXT Quark Xpress template file

R .RA Real Audio file. .RAM Real Audio file. .RAR Compressed file similar to .ZIP uses different compression program to extract. See our recommended download page for a program that can be used to extract .RAR files. .RAS File extension used for raster graphic files. .RD1 Descent registered level file .RD3 Ray Dream designer graphics file / CorelDraw 3D file .RD4 Ray Dream designer graphics file .RD5 Ray Dream designer graphics file .RDB TrueVector rules database .RDF Resource description framework file / Chromeleon report definition .RDL Descent registered level file / RadioDestiny radio stream .RDX Reflex data file .REC Sound file used with Windows Sound Recorder. .RLE Microsoft Windows Run Length Encoded (Run Length Encoded (bitmap format) file that contains the actual screen logo). .RMI Microsoft RMID sound file. .RPB Automotive diagnostic file. .RPD Rapidfile database .RPM Red Hat Package Manager / RealMedia Player file. .RPT Various Report file .RTF Rich Text Format file .RWZ Microsoft Outlook rules wizard file S .SAV File that usually contains saved information such as a saved game. .SC2 Maps used in Sim City 2000. .SCP Dialup Networking script file. .SCR Source files for the .INI files, or sometimes may be used as screen savers. .SD Sound Designer I audio file .SD2 Sound Designer II flattened file / Sound Designer II data fork file / SAS database file .SDA StarOffice drawing file / SoftCuisine data archive .SDC StarOffice spreadsheet .SDD StarOffice presentation .SDF Standard data format file / Schedule data file / System file format / Autodesk mapguide spatial data file .SDK Roland S-series floppy disk image .SDL SmartDraw library .SDN Small archive .SDR SmartDraw drawing .SDS StarOffice chart file / Raw MIDI sample dump standard file

.SDT SmartDraw template .SDV Semicolon divided value file .SDW Sun Microsystems StarOffice file document file similar to the Microsoft Office .DOC file. .SDX MIDI sample dump standard files compacted by SDX .SEA Short for Self Extracting Archive. Compressed file used with the Macintosh. .SH Archive file .SH3 Harvard (now Serif) presentation file .SHB Corel Background file .SHG Hotspot Editor Hypergraphic .SHK Macintosh Compressed Archive file .SHM WordPerfect Shell Macro .SHP 3D Studio Shapes File / other 3D related file .SHR Archive file .SHS Shell scrap object file .SHW Corel presentation / WordPerfect Slide Show / Show File .SLK Multiplan file. .SND Sound Clip file / Raw unsigned PCM data / AKAI MPC-series sample / NeXT sound / Macintosh sound resource file .SNG MIDI song .SNM Netscape Mail .SNO SNOBOL program file .SNP Snapview snapshot file .SUM Summary file. .SWF Macromedia Flash file. .SWP Extension used for the Windows Swap File usually Win386.Swp. This file is required by Windows and generally can grow very large in size sometimes up to several hundred megs. This file is used to swap information between currently running programs and or memory. If this file is deleted from the computer Windows will be unable to load and will need to be reinstalled. .SYS System and peripheral drivers. T .TDF Trace Definition File used with OS/2 .TGA Targa file .TIF Tag Image Format that includes most 24-bit color. .TLB Remote automation truelib files / OLE type library / Visual C++ type library .TLD Tellix file .TLE NASA two-line element set .TLP Microsoft project timeline fie .TLT Trellix web design file .TLX Trellix data file .TMP Temporary files. .TRM Windows Terminal. .TXT Text file that can be read from windows of from DOS by using the Edit, Type, or Edlin. U .UNI MikMod (UniMod) format file / Forcast Pro data file .UNK Unknown file type, sometimes used when a file is received that cannot be identified .UNX Text file generally associated with UNIX.

.URL File used with some browsers such as Internet Explorer linking you to different web pages. Internet Shortcut. V .VB VBScript file .VBA vBase file .VBD ActiveX file .VBE VBScript encoded script file .VBG Visual Basic group project file .VBK VisualCADD backup file .VBL User license control file .VBP Visual Basic project file .VBR Remote automation registration files .VBS Microsoft Visual Basic Script file for quick programs and in some cases can be used as a virus file. .VBW Visual Basic project workplace .VBX Visual Basic extension file .VBZ Wizard launch file .VC VisiCalc Spreadsheet file. .VCD VisualCADD Drawing file. .VCE Natural MicroSystems voice file. .VCF vCard File / Vevi Configuration file. .VCS Microsoft Outlook vCalander file. .VCT FoxPro class library. .VCW Microsoft Visual C++ workbench information file. .VCX FoxPro class library. .VDA Targa bitmap .VDD Short for Virtual Device Driver. Additional information can be found here. .VDO VDOScript file .VDX No such file extension - Likely you meant to .vxd .VM Virtual Machine / Virtual Memory file. .VMM Virtual Machine (Memory Manager) file. .VMF Ventura font characteristics file / FaxWorks audio file .VMH .VS2 Roland-Bass transfer file. .VSD Visio drawing. .VSL GetRight download list file. .VSS Visio stencil. .VST Video Template / Truevision Vista graphic / Targa Bitmap/ .VSW Visio workspace file. .VXD Windows system driver file allowing a driver direct access to the Windows Kernel, allowing for low level access to hardware. W .WAB Microsoft Outlook Express personal address book. .WAD File first found in IdSoftware games such as DOOM, Quake, as well as most new games

similar to these. .WAV Sound files in Windows open and played with sound recorder. .WB1 Quattro Pro Notebook .WB2 Quattro Pro Spreadsheet .WBF Microsoft Windows Batch File .WBK Wordperfect document / workbook .WBT Winbatch batch file .WCD Wordperfect macro token list .WCM Microsoft Works data transmission file / Wordperfect Macro .WCP Wordperfect product information description .WDB Microsoft Works database .WEB Web source code file .WFM dBASE Form object .WFN CorelDRAW font .WFX Winfax data file .WG1 Lotus 1-2-3 worksheet .WG2 Lotus 1-2-3 for OS/2 worksheet .WID Ventura publisher width table .WIN Foxpro - dBASE window file .WIZ Microsoft Publisher page wizard .WK1 Lotus 1-2-3 all versions / LotusWorks spreadsheet. .WK3 Lotus 1-2-3 for Windows /Lotus 1-2-3 Rel.3. .WKS Lotus 1-2-3 Rel lA,2.0,2.01, also file used with Microsoft Works. .WLG Dr. Watson log file. .WMA Windows Media Audio file. .WMF Windows Metafile. Also see WMF dictionary definition. .WMZ Windows Media Player theme package file. .WPD WordPerfect Windows/DOS. .WPG WordPerfect Graphical files Windows/DOS. .WPM WordPerfect Macro file. .WPS MS Works word processor Windows/DOS. .WRI Windows Write. .WRK Lotus 1-2 31.0,1.01,1.1/ Symphony 1,1.01. .WRI Symphony l.1,1.2,2 / Microsoft Write file. X .XIF Wang image file / Xerox image file

.XLB Microsoft Excel File. .XLS Microsoft Excel File. .XM Sound file / Fast tracker 2 extended module .XML Extensible markup language file. .XNK Exchange shortcut .XOT Xnetech job output file .XPM X picsmap graphic .XQT SuperCalc macro sheet .XRF Cross Reference .XR1 Epic MegaGames Xargon File .XSL XML Style sheet .XSM LEXIS-NEXIS tracker .XTB LocoScript external translation table .XWD X Windows dump file .XWF Yamaha XG Works file .XXE Xxencoded file .XY XYWrite text file .XY3 XYWrite text file .XY4 XYwrite IV document .XYP XYwrite III plus document .XYW XYwrite Windows 4.0 document Y .Y Amiga YABBA compressed file archive .Y01 Paradox index file .Y02 Paradox index file .Y03 Paradox index file .Y04 Paradox index file .Y05 Paradox index file .Y06 Paradox index file .Y07 Paradox index file .Y08 Paradox index file .Y09 Paradox index file .YUV Yuv graphics file .YZ YAC compressed file archive. Z .Z Compressed file that can hold thousands of files. To extract all the files Pkzip or Winzip will need to be used. UNIX / Linux users use the compress / uncompress command to extract these files. .ZIP Compressed file that can hold thousands of files. To extract all the files Pkzip or Winzip will need to be used.