Solar LED Lighting System
2008
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Table of Contents Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 4 Technical Analysis ......................................................................................................................................... 5 LED Light .................................................................................................................................................... 5 Solar Energy .............................................................................................................................................. 7 Our Technology ......................................................................................................................................... 8 Life Cycle Cost Analysis ............................................................................................................................. 8 How bright is it? .................................................................................................................................... 8 Economic Analysis ....................................................................................................................................... 10 Marketing Analysis ...................................................................................................................................... 13 Product Analysis .......................................................................................................................................... 17 .................................................................................................................................................................... 18 Marketing Plan ............................................................................................................................................ 21 Promotion ............................................................................................................................................... 21 Distribution ............................................................................................................................................. 22 Operational Plan ......................................................................................................................................... 23 Management ............................................................................................................................................... 24 Economic Justification ................................................................................................................................ 25 Project Cost ............................................................................................................................................. 25 Projected Profit & Loss Statement .......................................................................................................... 26 Projected Balance Sheet ......................................................................................................................... 27 Cash Flow Statement .............................................................................................................................. 28 Assumptions Underlying Financial Statements ...................................................................................... 29 Sales Forecast ...................................................................................................................................... 29 Cost of Sale Scedule ............................................................................................................................ 29 Schedule of Expenses .......................................................................................................................... 30 Inventory Schedule ............................................................................................................................. 30 Product Wise Price & Cost .................................................................................................................. 31
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Executive Summary Name
:
M/S Solar Gen Limited (Proposed)
Legal Status
:
Unquoted Public Limited Company
Business
:
Solar + LED Based Lighting Solution
Type of Business
:
Service
Project Cost
:
PKR 1.382 Million
Financing
:
100% Equity
Breakeven Point
:
Net Sales of PKR 7.752 Million
:
63.28 % of First Year’s projected sales
Summary of Financials
Profit & Loss Statement Particulars
Year1
Sales Net Profit / (Loss)
Year2
Year3
Year4
Year5
12,250
13,475
16,170
20,950
29,000
642
707
971
1,518
2,516
Balance Sheet Particulars
Year1
Year2
Year3
Year4
Year5
Assets Total
2,023
2,730
3,702
5,220
7,736
1,382 642
1,382 1,349
1,382 2,320
1,382 3,838
1,382 6,354
2,024
2,731
3,702
5,220
7,736
Capital & Liabilities Equity Retained Earnings
Total
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Introduction This project envisages the establishment of a company under the name & style of M/S Solar Gen Limited ‐ (Proposed). The company shall provide lighting solutions to households, offices, local government for lighting parks, streets and highways. The company shall provide lighting solution based on solar energy and SSL – solid state lights – LED. Light Emitting Diode ‐ LED as commonly known is a revolution in lighting. LEDs are small, solid light bulbs, which are extremely energy‐efficient. Until recently, LEDs were limited to single‐bulb use in applications such as instrument panels, electronics, pen lights and, more recently, strings of indoor and outdoor decorative lights. Recent improvements in manufacture have lowered the cost of LEDs, which has expanded their application. The bulbs are now available in clusters, and are popular especially for battery powered items such as flashlights and headlamps. LEDs are also available in arrays which fit standard AC and DC receptacles, lamps, recessed and track lights.
Benefits: Long‐lasting ‐ LED bulbs last 10 times as long as compact fluorescents and 133 times longer than typical incandescent. Durable ‐ Since LEDs do not have a filament, they are not damaged under circumstances when a regular incandescent bulb would be broken. Because they are solid, LED bulbs hold up well to jarring and bumping. Cool ‐ these bulbs do not cause heat build‐up; LEDs produce 3.4 Btu’s/hour, compared to 85 for incandescent bulbs. Energy‐saving ‐ LEDs use a fraction of the wattage of incandescent bulbs. Batteries will last 10 to 15 times longer than with incandescent bulbs. Also, because these bulbs last for years, energy is saved in maintenance and replacement costs. Light for remote areas ‐ because of the low power requirement for LEDs, using solar panels becomes more practical and less expensive than running an electric line or using a generator for lighting.
Challenges Cost ‐ although the cost keeps going down, LEDs are still expensive. A single AC bulb (30 LED), replacing a 25 watt incandescent, may cost about Rs. 480/=. Light Field ‐ LEDs are focused lights, and therefore are best as task specific lighting such as reading lights, desk lamps, night lights, spotlights, security lights, signage lighting, etc. They do not radiate light in 360 degrees as an incandescent does. The light will be bright where you point it towards.
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Technical Analysis LED Light A Light Emitting Diode (LED) is a semiconductor device which converts electricity into light. Each diode is about 1/4 inch in diameter and uses about ten milliamps to operate at about a tenth of a watt. LEDs are small in size, but can be grouped together for higher intensity applications. LED fixtures require a driver which is analogous to the ballast in fluorescent fixtures. The drivers are typically built into the fixture (like fluorescent ballasts) or they are a plug transformer for portable (plug‐in) fixtures. The plug‐in transformers allow the fixture to run on standard 120 volt alternating current (AC), with a modest (about 15 to 20 percent) power loss. The efficacy of a typical residential application LED is approximately 20 lumens per watt (LPW). Incandescent bulbs have an efficacy of about 15 LPW and compact fluorescents (Energy saver Bulbs) are about 60 LPW, depending on the wattage and lamp type. LEDs are better at placing light in a single direction than incandescent or fluorescent bulbs. Because of their directional output, they have unique design features that can be exploited by clever designs. LED strip lights can be installed under counters, in hallways, and in staircases; concentrated arrays can be used for room lighting. Waterproof, outdoor fixtures are also available. Some manufacturers consider applications such as gardens, walkways, and decorative fixtures outside garage doors to be the most cost‐efficient. LED lights are more rugged and damage‐resistant than compact fluorescents and incandescent bulbs. LED lights don't flicker. They are very heat sensitive; excessive heat or inappropriate applications dramatically reduce both light output and lifetime. Uses include:
Task and reading lamps Linear strip lighting (under kitchen cabinets) Recessed lighting/ceiling cans Porch/outdoor/landscaping lighting Art lighting Night lights Stair and walkway lighting Pendants and overhead Retrofit bulbs for lamps
Attributes Individual LEDs are considerably more efficient; however, the lamp or fixture design is reduced by the driver and electronics. In addition, LEDs do not produce heat like incandescent bulbs. LEDs last considerably longer than incandescent or fluorescent lighting. LEDs don't typically burn out
Page 6 of 34 like traditional lighting, but rather gradually decrease in light output. Their "useful life" is defined by the Alliance for Solid‐State Illumination Systems and Technologies (ASSIST) as the time it takes until 70% of initial light output is reached, often 50,000 hours. They are resistant to thermal and vibrational shocks and perform well when subjected to frequent on‐off cycling.
Source – US Department of Energy No additional tools or training are required for installation of LED fixtures.
Initial Cost The biggest limitation to LED for common residential use is the cost of manufacturing due to still‐limited production runs. Manufacturers claim production will increase considerably in the near future, further lowering prices. Currently, there is a limited number of LED fixture manufactures, but this is changing. Retrofit bulbs range from Rs. 200/= to Rs. 850/= for night lights and small lamps.
Operational Cost The cost savings of LEDs can be found in smaller wattage lamps or for applications that take advantage of their longevity, such as difficult to reach places. They are also advantageous for dimmable fixtures, since dimmable fluorescents are expensive.
Installation The small size of LED lights encourages a variety of design options. White LED lamps are available with Edison (screw‐in type) bases to retrofit existing fixtures. There are LED strips that can be used under cabinets. In addition, outdoor landscaping fixtures are available.
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Benefits/Costs LED lamps have many advantages over traditional lighting methods. These include:
Low energy consumption – retrofit bulbs range from 0.83 to 7.3 Watts Long service life – LED bulbs can last up to 80,000 hours Durable – LED bulbs are resistant to thermal and vibrational shocks and turn on instantly from ‐ 40C° to 185C°, making them ideal for applications subject to frequent on‐off cycling, such as garages and basements Directional distribution of light – good for interior task lighting No infrared or ultraviolet radiation – excellent for outdoor use because UV light attracts bugs Safety and environmentally conscious – LEDs contain no mercury and remain cool to the touch Fully dimmable – LEDs do not change their color tint when dimmed unlike incandescent lamps that turn yellow No frequency interference – no ballast to interfere with radio and television signals Range of color – LEDs can be manufactured produce all colors of the spectrum without filters, they can also produce white light in a variety of color temperatures
There are some current disadvantages to LED lighting:
LEDs are currently more expensive than more conventional lighting technologies, and may be hard to locate LED is very heat sensitive. Excessive heat or inappropriate applications dramatically reduce both light output and lifespan LEDs typically cast light in one direction at a narrow angle compared to incandescent or fluorescent lamps so lenses or reflectors are needed in fixtures to broaden the beam (if desired)
Solar Energy A solar cell or photovoltaic cell is a device that converts solar energy into electricity by the photovoltaic effect. Photovoltaic is the field of technology and research related to the application of solar cells as solar energy. Sometimes the term solar cell is reserved for devices intended specifically to capture energy from sunlight, while the term photovoltaic cell is used when the source is unspecified. Solar cells have many applications. Individual cells are used for powering small devices such as electronic calculators. Photovoltaic arrays generate a form of renewable electricity, particularly useful in situations where electrical power from the grid is unavailable such as in remote area power systems, Earth‐ orbiting satellites and space probes, remote radiotelephones and water pumping applications. Photovoltaic electricity is also increasingly deployed in grid‐tied electrical systems. Solar cells are often electrically connected and encapsulated as a module. PV modules often have a sheet of glass on the front (sun up) side, allowing light to pass while protecting the semiconductor wafers from the elements (rain, hail, etc.). Solar cells are also usually connected in series in modules, creating an additive voltage. Connecting cells in parallel will yield a higher current. Modules are then interconnected, in series or parallel, or both, to create an array with the desired peak DC voltage and current.
Page 8 of 34 The power output of a solar array is measured in watts or kilowatts. In order to calculate the typical energy needs of the application, a measurement in watt‐hours, kilowatt‐hours or kilowatt‐hours per day is often used. A common rule of thumb is that average power is equal to 20% of peak power, so that each peak kilowatt of solar array output power corresponds to energy production of 4.8 kW∙h per day. To make practical use of the solar‐generated energy, the electricity is most often fed into the electricity grid using inverters (grid‐connected PV systems); in standalone systems, batteries are used to store the energy that is not needed immediately. A number of detailed studies on the energy requirements on the three types of photovoltaic (PV) materials, which make up the majority of the active solar market: single crystal, polycrystalline, and amorphous silicon were reviewed. It was found that modern PV cells based on these silicon technologies pay for themselves in terms of energy in a few years (1‐5 years). They thus generate enough energy over their lifetimes to reproduce themselves many times (6‐31 reproductions) depending on what type of material, balance of system, and the geographic location of the system. It was found that regardless of material, built‐in PV systems are a superior ecological choice to centralized PV plants. Finally, the results indicate that efficiency plays a secondary role to embodied energy in the overall net energy production of modern solar cells.
Our Technology The company is in active negotiation with Shanghai Kepsun Optoelectronics Co. Ltd, China for technical collaboration. Shanghai Kepsun manufactures variety of LED products such as street lights, daylight lamps, bulbs, spotlights, flood lights, and tunnel lights in different designs. These lights can be used through existing mains AC 220V power outlet or through solar charged batteries using 12V DC input. We are concentrating on solar powered lights. This technology depends on three items viz. (1) LED light (2) Solar panel and (3) Solar controller. Solar cell or solar panel is used to charge the re‐chargeable battery that provides 12V DC to bulb for lighting purpose and solar controller is used to manage the charging of battery.
Life Cycle Cost Analysis Life cycle cost analysis has been done using data of incandescent bulb, compact fluorescent bulb, and LED bulb. Incandescent bulb is the conventional bulb of Edison era. Whereas compact fluorescent light bulb is in vogue as energy efficient light commonly known as “Energy Saver”. LED – Light Emitting Diode light bulb a new revolution in light that the company is pursuing. The comparison is based on a normal household lighting requirement and equivalent lumens produced by each type of light. How bright is it? How do we compare the brightness of Compact Fluorescent Light (“CFL”) bulbs to incandescent lights? Energy efficiency of light sources is typically measured in lumens per watt (lm/W), meaning the amount of light produced for each watt of electricity consumed. This is known as luminous efficacy.
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Source – US Department of Energy Analyzing data provided by various manufacturers of LED lights shows that a 13 watt CFL with the brightness of a 60 watt incandescent bulb is a “60 watt‐equivalent, 13 watt CFL.” The CFL bulb uses only 13 watts of power (what you pay for,) but it generates the light of a 60 watt incandescent bulb. Therefore, the CFL uses only 13/60 = 22% of the power of the incandescent to generate the same brightness. For white LED’s we use the same system, and rate our bulbs by “watt‐equivalent,” with incandescent light as the reference just like before. So, a 7‐watt LED that generates the brightness of a 70‐watt incandescent bulb is a “70 watt‐equivalent, 7 watt LED.” The LED uses only 10% of the power of the incandescent to generate the same brightness. That 90% energy savings is typical for LED’s, versus incandescents. (Incandescents are inefficient light sources: they generate over 90% heat and less than 10% light.)
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Economic Analysis For our economic analysis, we have used data from our affiliate – Shanghai Kepsun Optoelectronics Co. Ltd. A normal urban house hold lighting requirement has been calculated at about 1000 W of incandescent bulb light i‐e 10 bulbs of 100 W each and that requirement is then converted into CFL and LED lights. The economic analysis has been done using the life cycle costing method taking the LED light life as a bench mark.
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Energy Savings Calculator for Replacing Light Bulbs LED Qty Assumptions
(Light-Emitting Diode Light Bulbs)
Load
Cost (PKR)
Normal Urban Household Lighting Requirement 2 X Bed Rooms X 12 Watt X 1 LED Bulbs 1 X TV Lounge X 12 Watt X 2 LED Bulbs 1 X Drawing Room X 12 Watt X 2 LED Bulbs 1 X Dining Room X 12 Watt X 1 LED Bulb 1 X Kitchen X 12 Watt X 1 LED Bulb 2 X Bath Rooms X 6 Watt X 1 LED Bulb 1 X Outdoor X 6 Watt X 2 LED Bulb
2 2 2 1 1 2 2
24 Watt 24 Watt 24 Watt 12 Watt 12 Watt 12 Watt 12 Watt
960.00 960.00 960.00 480.00 480.00 480.00 480.00
12
120 Watt
4,800.00
1 1 1
150 Watt
37,500.00 4,000.00 10,000.00
Solar System Solar Panel Cost Battery Charge Controller Card Maintenance Free Batter 50Amps
51,500.00
Total Solar System & Bulb Replacement Cost
56,300.00
1 Solar panel load has been worked out at 125% of total load to account for fluctuation. 2 50Amps battery would give continous lighting for 10 hours at 50% load and 5 hours at 100% load.
Page 12 of 34 Energy Savings Calculator for Replacing Light Bulbs CFL Incandescent Light Bulbs (Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs) Life Span (in hours) Watts Cost KWh of electricty used over 60k hours Electricity Cost (@ 5.76 per KWh) Solar Panel 150 Watt (For 25 years) Maintenance Free Battery (For 7 years) Solar Panel Controller Card (For 25 years) Bulbs needed for 60k hours of usage Equivalent 60k hour bulb expense Total 60,000 Hour Lighting Spend
1,500 100 PKR 25.00 6,000 PKR 34,560.41 PKR 0.00 PKR 0.00 PKR 0.00 40 PKR 1,000.00 PKR 35,560.41
LED (Light-Emitting Diode Light Bulbs)
10,000 25 PKR 160.00 1,500 PKR 8,640.10 PKR 0.00 PKR 0.00 PKR 0.00 6 PKR 960.00 PKR 9,600.10
60,000 12 PKR 480.00 720 PKR 0.00 PKR 37,500.00 PKR 10,000.00 PKR 4,000.00 1 PKR 480.00 PKR 51,980.00
Calculate Your Energy Savings # of household light bulbs Your estimated daily usage (hours) Days in month
10 5 30
Household savings over 60,000 hours (energy + replacement) Household cost Savings by switching from Incandescent
10 5 30
10 5 30
PKR 355,604.09 PKR 0.00
PKR 96,001.02 PKR 259,603.06
PKR 56,300.00 PKR 299,304.09
Monthly household energy savings KWh used per month Electricity Cost (@ 5.76 per KWh) Savings by switching from Incandescent
150 PKR 864.01 PKR 0.00
38 PKR 216.00 PKR 648.01
0 PKR 0.00 PKR 864.01
Yearly household energy savings KWh used per year Electricity Cost (@ 5.76 per KWh) Savings by switching from Incandescent
1,825 PKR 10,512.12 PKR 0.00
456 PKR 2,628.03 PKR 7,884.09
0 PKR 0.00 PKR 10,512.12
Electricity cost per KWh has been taken average during the lifespan of LED bulb and has been calculated to increase 10% every year taking base rate average for household as reported by PEPCO for the period from July 2007 to March 2008, which is Rs. 4.25 per KWh. The above analysis shows that replacement of current lighting arrangement with the Solar Light + LED bulbs is much more beneficial not only in terms of savings but also on account of supply of uninterrupted light.
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Marketing Analysis This summer, the country would face an electricity deficit of over 3,500 megawatts (MW). The pace at which the electricity deficit is likely to increasing, it is feared that by 2010 the gap between demand and supply would be around 4000 megawatts (MW). The situation demands a collective effort on the part of all stakeholders of society, including policy makers, academia, industrialists and entrepreneurs and ordinary citizens. Following table shows the historical consumption of different energy sources.
A further breakup shows that largest consumer of electricity is the household sector followed by industrial sector. Electricity consumption is increasing at a faster rate in recent couple of years at an average of 8%.
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The total installed capacity of electricity generation witnessed no change during July‐March 2006‐07, remaining at 19,440 MW. The Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA), Karachi Electric Supply Corporation (KESC), Karachi Nuclear Power Plant (KANUPP) and Chashma Nuclear Power Plant are the four main public sector organizations involved in power generation, transmission and distribution of electricity in the country. In addition, the Independent power projects (IPPs) are also involved in power generation. The total installed capacity of WAPDA stood at 11,363 MW during July‐ March 2006‐07 which accounts for 58 percent of total installed capacity. Of this, hydel power accounts for 56.9 percent or 6,463 MW and thermal accounts for 43.1 percent or 4,900 MW. The total installed capacity of IPPs is 5,859 MW (30.1 percent), KESC’s is 1,756 MW (9.0 percent) and nuclear power is 462 MW (2.4 percent) of the total installed capacity. The detail is given below: ‐
Page 15 of 34 The electricity generated by WAPDA during July‐March 2006‐07 was 63,020 Gwh, as against 58,928 Gwh during the corresponding period last year, thus registering an increase of 6.9 percent due to higher generation through thermal by 12.8 percent. The detail is as follows: ‐
The number of electricity consumers has increased over the years due to rapid extension of electric supply to villages and fast urbanization. The number of consumers has increased to 16.7 million till March 2007, up from 15.9 million in 2005‐06, showing an increase of 5 percent over the last year and a growth of about 70 percent since 1996‐97. The following table illustrates the position.
Historically Pakistan faced electricity deficit from 1990 to 1997. The demand and supply of electricity was balanced in 1997. From 1997, the generation capacity increased and it was expected that the demand and supply position of electricity will remain in equilibrium up to 2009. However, as existing peak demand approached 6.6 percent growth per annum during 2001 to 2007 the supply shortage occurred much earlier than 2009. Brisk pace of economic activity, rising levels of income of the people, the double‐digit growth of large scale manufacturing, higher agricultural production and village
Page 16 of 34 electrification program have all resulted in higher demand of power in Pakistan. All these factors have contributed to the shortage of nearly 3500MW. This gap needs to be filled by using all the resources available. Presently power shortage is a worldwide phenomenon due to the accelerating levels of economic activity. According to the International Energy Agency, which acts as energy policy advisor to 26 developed countries, the world can only meet its energy needs till 2030‐35 through traditional sources. Realizing the gravity of the situation many countries are taking steps to develop alternate source of energy to meet their future requirements. Similarly, Pakistan is also seeking to develop generation capacity through alternate energy including the wind and solar technologies. The goal is to ensure that at least 7 percent of total power generation capacity is met through wind & solar energy by year 2030, which means about 4700MW of electricity through renewable energy sources and solar energy is one of the most viable and free source available to us. So there is a huge energy market for solar based lighting solutions.
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Product Analysis With respect to the consumer demographics and target market best suited with the technology we developed four different packages of light solutions to the consumers. These are different in lighting capacity and pricing. The detailed features of the products are as follows:
Complete Urban Household Lighting Solution
P.Code CU001
LED Qty Assumptions
(Light-Emitting Diode Light Bulbs)
Load
Sale Price
Amount (PKR) 65,000.00
Normal Urban Household Lighting Requirement 2 X Bed Rooms X 12 Watt X 1 LED Bulbs 1 X TV Lounge X 12 Watt X 2 LED Bulbs 1 X Drawing Room X 12 Watt X 2 LED Bulbs 1 X Dining Room X 12 Watt X 1 LED Bulb 1 X Kitchen X 12 Watt X 1 LED Bulb 2 X Bath Rooms X 6 Watt X 1 LED Bulb 1 X Outdoor X 6 Watt X 2 LED Bulb
2 2 2 1 1 2 2
24 Watt 24 Watt 24 Watt 12 Watt 12 Watt 12 Watt 12 Watt
960.00 960.00 960.00 480.00 480.00 480.00 480.00
12
120 Watt
4,800.00
1 1 1
150 Watt
37,500.00 4,000.00 4,000.00
Solar System Solar Panel Cost Battery Charge Controller Card Battery 50Amps
45,500.00
Total Solar System & Bulb Replacement Cost
50,300.00
Gross Profit
14,700.00
1 Solar panel load has been worked out at 125% of total load to account for fluctuation. 2 50Amps battery would give continous lighting for 10 hours at 50% load and 5 hours at 100% load.
This package is offered to the urban customers with the complete light solution for their living house with the perception that they will use 50% to 100% of its installed capacity, and will use no alternate
Page 18 of 34 lighting system parallel with this solution. This package can also be useful for the institutional customer but we are not targeting them at the initial phase of the business.
Partial Urban Household Lighting Solution
P.Code PU001 LED Qty
Assumptions
(Light-Emitting Diode Light Bulbs)
Load
Sale Price
Amount (PKR) 30,000.00
Normal Urban Household Lighting Requirement 2 X Bed Rooms X 12 Watt X 1 LED Bulbs 1 X TV Lounge X 12 Watt X 2 LED Bulbs 1 X Drawing Room X 12 Watt X 2 LED Bulbs 1 X Dining Room X 12 Watt X 1 LED Bulb 1 X Kitchen X 12 Watt X 1 LED Bulb 2 X Bath Rooms X 6 Watt X 1 LED Bulb 1 X Outdoor X 6 Watt X 2 LED Bulb
2 2 2 1 1 2 2
24 Watt 24 Watt 24 Watt 12 Watt 12 Watt 12 Watt 12 Watt
960.00 960.00 960.00 480.00 480.00 480.00 480.00
12
120 Watt
4,800.00
1 1 1
50 Watt
12,500.00 4,000.00 2,000.00
Solar System Solar Panel Cost Battery Charge Controller Card Battery 25 Amps
18,500.00
Total Solar System & Bulb Replacement Cost Gross Profit
23,300.00 6,700.00
1 Solar panel load has been worked out at maximum of 40 Watt load. 2 25 Amps battery would give continous lighting for 6 hours at 40 Watt load.
This package is also designed to provide the lighting solution to the urban customer but with the expectation that they will not use the full installed capacity of the system or they will not use the full available capacity, it can be used as alternate source of lighting.
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Economy Urban Household Lighting Solution
P.Code EU001
LED Qty Assumptions
(Light-Emitting Diode Light Bulbs)
Load
Sale Price
Amount (PKR) 20,000.00
Normal Urban Household Lighting Requirement 0.00 960.00 960.00 0.00 480.00 0.00 0.00
1 X TV Lounge X 6 Watt X 2 LED Bulbs 1 X Drawing Room X 6 Watt X 2 LED Bulbs
2 2
12 Watt 12 Watt
1 X Kitchen X 6 Watt X 2 LED Bulb
2
12 Watt
6
36 Watt
2,400.00
1 1 1
30 Watt
7,500.00 4,000.00 2,000.00
Solar System Solar Panel Cost Battery Charge Controller Card Battery 25 Amps
13,500.00
Total Solar System & Bulb Replacement Cost Gross Profit
15,900.00 4,100.00
1 Solar panel load has been worked out at maximum of 24 Watt load. 2 25 Amps battery would give continous lighting for 10 hours at 24 Watt load.
This package is designed for the low income class living in the urban area and facing energy problems and most of them are price conscious. This is not a complete home solution but can fulfill the basic lighting requirements of the consumer.
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Rural/Remote Household Lighting Solution
P.Code RL001
LED Qty Assumptions
(Light-Emitting Diode Light Bulbs)
Load
Sale Price
Amount (PKR) 10,000.00
Normal Urban Household Lighting Requirement 0.00 240.00 0.00 0.00 240.00 0.00 0.00
1 X Living Room X 6 Watt X 1 LED Bulbs
1
06 Watt
1 X Kitchen X 6 Watt X 1 LED Bulb
1
06 Watt
2
12 Watt
480.00
1 1 1
10 Watt
2,500.00 4,000.00 1,000.00
Solar System Solar Panel Cost Battery Charge Controller Card Battery 10 Amps
7,500.00
Total Solar System & Bulb Replacement Cost
7,980.00
Gross Profit
2,020.00
1 Solar panel load has been worked out at maximum of 6 Watt load. 2 10 Amps battery would give continous lighting for 10 hours at 12 Watt load.
This package is planned to provide the light to the rural and remote areas where there is no electricity so for and they are not enjoying the colors of life. We will provide this solution to the consumer at the lowest possible price or at cheaper rate.
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Marketing Plan The company is pursuing four solutions aimed at four categories of customers viz. (1) A normal urban household that wish to switch complete lighting to Solar powered LED based lighting solution (2) A normal urban household that wish to switch necessary lighting to Solar powered LED based lighting solutions (3) A normal urban household that wish to switch must have lighting to Solar powered LED based lighting solution and (4) Rural / Remote household that wish to light up the house. Although all urban areas of the country are linked with the main power grid and there should be no need for our lighting solutions but due to load shedding or load management these are without any light for 6hrs to 12hrs daily and cost of electricity is increasing at an average rate of 10% are the main points that we have focused on this market segment. The initial cost of the solar based LED lighting solution is high but this solar based LED lighting solution will be free for a minimum of seven years without any replacement for bulbs, battery and solar panel. The life of solar panel is twenty five years so the only replacement during this period is bulbs and battery three times. The highest concentration of non‐electrified households is in rural and remote areas. These end‐users do not have access to the electricity grid and rely mainly on kerosene oil lamps. These households will get benefit from the use of solar panels for lighting in the night at free for twenty five years. We shall market our products direct to customers. For this purpose, we shall advertise our solutions in print media and solicit housing colonies management. Promotional campaigns shall also be part of our promotion strategies and these shall be like sampling of LED bulbs, donating complete solution and public demonstration of products to attract customers. There are two to three main players in the market that are selling complete solar powered LED based lighting solutions. They are concentrating on Government’s Rural Electrification Program and are working in remote off grid areas. Presently, urban household market is vacant and we shall be concentrating on this market and offering a replacement of inverter based lighting solution that is more economical and more beneficial in terms of luminous flux. We are cost efficient as compared to present competition. We shall provide our customers personalized services vis‐à‐vis our competitors as they are providing solutions as contractor to government, which is a very stereo typed service.
Promotion Company will use a promotional strategy based on the limited resources so our promotional focus will be on the road shows nearby to the newly developed or developing colonies and we will take part in the number of trade exhibitions to help our consumers to know our products. Another aspect of our promotional strategy will be the close collaboration with the NGOs this is some sort of different mode but it would help company to get familiarity in the remote areas and especially rural areas. We will also use electronic media for the products promotion including internet and product awareness programs on television.
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Distribution As the market segment for the products are very diverse so this would not be beneficial to adopt a static distribution strategy so we will follow a dynamic distribution strategy for the startup phase of the venture. We will use the options of large retailers, distributors, sales franchises, electronic distribution and distribution through NGO networks during this strategy. At the startup phase we will follow low cost distribution channels like E‐distribution and distribution through NGO also will prefer to use some franchises. Later on in the initial phase and expansion phase we will focus on intensive marketing and distribution strategy.
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Operational Plan We shall be providing service to our customers by sourcing the most efficient and economical source for supply of our components. The company is in negotiation with the Shanghai Kepsun Optoelectronics Co. Ltd, China for technical collaboration and import of LED bulbs. Solar panels are being assembled in Industrial Estate Hattar, Pakistan and also are being imported from China and we shall make all our purchases from local sources thus avoiding long lead times. There are four manufacturers of lead liquid based batteries in Pakistan and also maintenance free dry batteries are being imported through proper channels and otherwise into Pakistan and we shall make our procurement on this account through local sources. Rest of the components like battery charger card and other miscellaneous items such as wiring and shall also be procured locally.
Page 24 of 34
Management This idea is to provide the services in terms of lighting solutions to the consumer by arranging solar panels, battery charging cards, solar battery, LED bulbs and channels. We will assemble this all into one package and supply to the end consumer, households in the first phase. To manage these activities we are the 4 partners contributing the financial and human resources with skills and knowledge. We, the partners have the diverse knowledge of different required fields. One of the partners is having engineering degree and expertise that assist technically. Other partner is having some expertise in the field of finance and command on financial projections, so that will help us in making proto type of the business activities before going to the field for taking risk. 3rd partner is having local market knowledge and a good social worker in the vicinity; he is having good social contracts with the people in different fields and engaged in different businesses. The last partner of our business is having legal knowledge and having some experience of practicing as advocate specially taking the cases of tax and corporate crimes. We the team of four as partner will get some other required skills and knowledge by hiring professional and competent people in our staff.
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Economic Justification The company has developed four readymade solutions to cater to the needs of target market. A very conservative forecast against the backdrop of 4000MW shortage of electricity has been made for the purpose of economic justification.
Project Cost
Project Cost PKR (,000)
Fixed Cost Office Furniture & Fixture Office Equipment
100 100 200
Other Security Advance For Rented Premises Preliminary Expenses
150 100 250 450
Working Capital Inventory Cash & Bank
782 150 932
Total
1,382
Financing Equity
1,382
Total
1,382
Page 26 of 34
Projected Profit & Loss Statement
Profit & Loss Statement Particulars Sales
Year1
Year2
Year3
Year4
Year5
12,250
13,475
16,170
20,950
29,000
Cost of Sales
9,563
10,519
12,623
16,358
22,650
Gross Profit
2,687
2,956
3,547
4,592
6,350
Operating Expenses
1,700
1,868
2,053
2,256
2,480
Net Profit Before Tax
987
1,088
1,494
2,336
3,870
Income Tax @ 35%
345
381
523
818
1,355
Net Profit / (Loss)
642
707
971
1,518
2,516
Page 27 of 34
Projected Balance Sheet
Balance Sheet Particulars
Year1
Year2
Year3
Year4
Year5
Assets Fixed (Net)
180
160
140
120
100
Others
250
250
250
250
250
782 812
805 1,516
1,019 2,293
1,400 3,450
1,820 5,565
1,593
2,320
3,312
4,850
7,386
2,023
2,730
3,702
5,220
7,736
1,382 642
1,382 1,349
1,382 2,320
1,382 3,838
1,382 6,354
2,024
2,731
3,702
5,220
7,736
Current Inventory Cash & Bank
Total
Capital & Liabilities Equity Retained Earnings
Total
Page 28 of 34
Cash Flow Statement
Cash Flow Statement Particulars
Opening Balance
Year1
Year2
Year3
Year4
Year5
150
812
1,516
2,293
3,450
Cash From Sales Depreciation
12,250 20
13,475 20
16,170 20
20,950 20
29,000 20
Total Cash Receipts
12,270
13,495
16,190
20,970
29,020
9,563 1,700 345
10,519 1,868 23 381
12,623 2,053 214 523
16,358 2,256 381 818
22,650 2,480 421 1,355
11,608
12,791
15,413
19,813
26,905
Cash Generation
662
704
777
1,157
2,115
Closing Balance
812
1,516
2,293
3,450
5,565
Cash Receipts
Cash Payments Cost of Goods Sold Operating Expenses Increase in Inventory Income tax payment Total Cash Payments
Page 29 of 34
Assumptions Underlying Financial Statements Sales Forecast
Sales Forecast (Qty) Product Code CU001 PU001 EU001 RL001
Product Name
Year1
Year2
Year3
Year4
Year5
Complete Urban Household Lighting Solution Partial Urban Household Lighting Solution Economy Urban Household Lighting Solution Rural/Remote Household Lighting Solution
50 200 100 100
55 220 110 110
66 264 132 132
80 350 175 175
100 500 250 250
Total
450
495
594
780
1100
Sales Forecast (PKR ,000) Product Code CU001 PU001 EU001 RL001
Product Name Complete Urban Household Lighting Solution Partial Urban Household Lighting Solution Economy Urban Household Lighting Solution Rural/Remote Household Lighting Solution Total
Year1
Year2
Year3
Year4
Year5
3,250 6,000 2,000 1,000
3,575 6,600 2,200 1,100
4,290 7,920 2,640 1,320
5,200 10,500 3,500 1,750
6,500 15,000 5,000 2,500
12,250
13,475
16,170
20,950
29,000
Year3
Year4
Year5
Cost of Sale Scedule
Cost of Goods Sold (PKR ,000) Product Code CU001 PU001 EU001 RL001
Product Name
Year1
Year2
Complete Urban Household Lighting Solution Partial Urban Household Lighting Solution Economy Urban Household Lighting Solution Rural/Remote Household Lighting Solution
2,515 4,660 1,590 798
2,767 5,126 1,749 878
3,320 6,151 2,099 1,053
4,024 8,155 2,783 1,397
5,030 11,650 3,975 1,995
Total
9,563
10,519
12,623
16,358
22,650
Page 30 of 34 Schedule of Expenses
Schedule of Operating Expense (PKR ,000) Acct. Code
Name of Expense
Year1
Rent Utilities Salaries Travelling Advertisement & Promotion Depreciation & Amortization
Total
Year2
Year3
Year4
Year5
300 60 600 120 600 20
330 66 660 132 660 20
363 73 726 145 726 20
399 80 799 160 799 20
439 88 878 176 878 20
1,700
1,868
2,053
2,256
2,480
Inventory Schedule Inventory Forecast (Qty) Product Code
Product Name
QTY Qty
CU001
Complete Urban Household Lighting Solution
L12W L06W S150W BCHC B50A
LED Bulbs 12 W LED Bulbs 6 W Solar Panel 150W Battery Charger Card Battery 50 Amps
PU001
Partial Urban Household Lighting Solution
L12W L06W S050W BCHC B25A
LED Bulbs 12 W LED Bulbs 6 W Solar Panel 50W Battery Charger Card Battery 25 Amps
EU001
Economy Urban Household Lighting Solution
L12W L06W S030W BCHC B25A
LED Bulbs 12 W LED Bulbs 6 W Solar Panel 30W Battery Charger Card Battery 25 Amps
RL001
Rural/Remote Household Lighting Solution
L12W L06W S010W BCHC B10A
LED Bulbs 12 W LED Bulbs 6 W Solar Panel 10W Battery Charger Card Battery 10 Amps
Total
Year1 (,000) 50
8 4 1 1 1
40 20 4 4 4
160 80 16 16 16
19.2 4.8 150 16 16 206
0 50 8 8 8
76.8 19.2 200 64 32 392
0 16 8 8 8
19.2 4.8 150 16 16 206
160 80 16 16 16
0 12 60 32 16 120
0 55 9 9 9
76.8 19.2 200 64 32 392
782
0 18 9 9 9
44 22 5 5 5
176 88 22 22 22
0 13.2 67.5 36 18 135
0 66 11 11 11
21.12 5.28 187.5 20 20 254
805
0 22 11 11 11
Year4 (,000)
55 30 7 7 7
84.48 21.12 275 88 44 513
250 120 30 30 30
26.4 7.2 262.5 28 28 352
0 90 15 15 15
120 28.8 375 120 60 704
1,019
0 30 15 15 15
80 40 8 8 8
38.4 9.6 300 32 32 412
350 170 40 40 40
168 40.8 500 160 80 949
250 0 21.6 112.5 60 30 224
175 0 5.28 27.5 44 11 88
Year5 (,000)
500
175 0 15.84 82.5 44 22 164
Qty
100
350
132 0 4.32 22.5 36 9 72
Qty
80
132
110 0 3.84 20 32 8 64
Year3 (,000)
264
110
100 0 2 1 1 1
40 20 4 4 4
Qty
66
220
100 0 6 1 1 1
Year2 (,000) 55
200 8 4 1 1 1
Qty
0 125 20 20 20
0 30 150 80 40 300
250 0 7.2 37.5 60 15 120 1,400
0 40 20 20 20
0 9.6 50 80 20 160 1,820
Page 31 of 34 Product Wise Price & Cost
Complete Urban Household Lighting Solution
P.Code CU001
LED Qty Assumptions
(Light-Emitting Diode Light Bulbs)
Load
Sale Price
Amount (PKR) 65,000.00
Normal Urban Household Lighting Requirement 2 X Bed Rooms X 12 Watt X 1 LED Bulbs 1 X TV Lounge X 12 Watt X 2 LED Bulbs 1 X Drawing Room X 12 Watt X 2 LED Bulbs 1 X Dining Room X 12 Watt X 1 LED Bulb 1 X Kitchen X 12 Watt X 1 LED Bulb 2 X Bath Rooms X 6 Watt X 1 LED Bulb 1 X Outdoor X 6 Watt X 2 LED Bulb
2 2 2 1 1 2 2
24 Watt 24 Watt 24 Watt 12 Watt 12 Watt 12 Watt 12 Watt
960.00 960.00 960.00 480.00 480.00 480.00 480.00
12
120 Watt
4,800.00
1 1 1
150 Watt
37,500.00 4,000.00 4,000.00
Solar System Solar Panel Cost Battery Charge Controller Card Battery 50Amps
45,500.00
Total Solar System & Bulb Replacement Cost
50,300.00
Gross Profit
14,700.00
1 Solar panel load has been worked out at 125% of total load to account for fluctuation. 2 50Amps battery would give continous lighting for 10 hours at 50% load and 5 hours at 100% load.
Page 32 of 34
Partial Urban Household Lighting Solution
P.Code PU001 LED Qty
Assumptions
(Light-Emitting Diode Light Bulbs)
Load
Sale Price
Amount (PKR) 30,000.00
Normal Urban Household Lighting Requirement 2 X Bed Rooms X 12 Watt X 1 LED Bulbs 1 X TV Lounge X 12 Watt X 2 LED Bulbs 1 X Drawing Room X 12 Watt X 2 LED Bulbs 1 X Dining Room X 12 Watt X 1 LED Bulb 1 X Kitchen X 12 Watt X 1 LED Bulb 2 X Bath Rooms X 6 Watt X 1 LED Bulb 1 X Outdoor X 6 Watt X 2 LED Bulb
2 2 2 1 1 2 2
24 Watt 24 Watt 24 Watt 12 Watt 12 Watt 12 Watt 12 Watt
960.00 960.00 960.00 480.00 480.00 480.00 480.00
12
120 Watt
4,800.00
1 1 1
50 Watt
12,500.00 4,000.00 2,000.00
Solar System Solar Panel Cost Battery Charge Controller Card Battery 25 Amps
18,500.00
Total Solar System & Bulb Replacement Cost Gross Profit
6,700.00
1 Solar panel load has been worked out at maximum of 40 Watt load. 2 25 Amps battery would give continous lighting for 6 hours at 40 Watt load.
23,300.00
Page 33 of 34
Economy Urban Household Lighting Solution
P.Code EU001
LED Qty Assumptions
(Light-Emitting Diode Light Bulbs)
Load
Sale Price
Amount (PKR) 20,000.00
Normal Urban Household Lighting Requirement 0.00 960.00 960.00 0.00 480.00 0.00 0.00
1 X TV Lounge X 6 Watt X 2 LED Bulbs 1 X Drawing Room X 6 Watt X 2 LED Bulbs
2 2
12 Watt 12 Watt
1 X Kitchen X 6 Watt X 2 LED Bulb
2
12 Watt
6
36 Watt
2,400.00
1 1 1
30 Watt
7,500.00 4,000.00 2,000.00
Solar System Solar Panel Cost Battery Charge Controller Card Battery 25 Amps
13,500.00
Total Solar System & Bulb Replacement Cost Gross Profit
4,100.00
1 Solar panel load has been worked out at maximum of 24 Watt load. 2 25 Amps battery would give continous lighting for 10 hours at 24 Watt load.
15,900.00
Page 34 of 34
Rural/Remote Household Lighting Solution
P.Code RL001
LED Qty Assumptions
(Light-Emitting Diode Light Bulbs)
Load
Sale Price
Amount (PKR) 10,000.00
Normal Urban Household Lighting Requirement 0.00 240.00 0.00 0.00 240.00 0.00 0.00
1 X Living Room X 6 Watt X 1 LED Bulbs
1
06 Watt
1 X Kitchen X 6 Watt X 1 LED Bulb
1
06 Watt
2
12 Watt
480.00
1 1 1
10 Watt
2,500.00 4,000.00 1,000.00
Solar System Solar Panel Cost Battery Charge Controller Card Battery 10 Amps
7,500.00
Total Solar System & Bulb Replacement Cost
7,980.00
Gross Profit
2,020.00
1 Solar panel load has been worked out at maximum of 6 Watt load. 2 10 Amps battery would give continous lighting for 10 hours at 12 Watt load.