Socio10

& s e i t i n i f f A s e i t i t n Ide

3 P U O R G 0 1 O SOCI

RACE and ETHNICITY I. Aetas II. Bugnay Revisited III. Moros &

AETAS at the beginning

Think beyond yourselves.

Pinataubo Aetas

John Foreman

Mt. Pinatubo Eruption

EFFECTS

AMERICAN government

Hiromu Shimizu

AETAS in the end

SPANIARD S

MALAY S

Bugnay at the beginning

Macliing Dulag

CORDILLERA PEOPLE’S DAY

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BODONG

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peace pact

de at

Bugnay in the end

DISEASES

DROUGHT

FOREST FIRE

FORGOTTEN TERRITORY

MOROS

ZAPATISTAS

MEXICAN government

EZLN

Comandante Tacho

PHILIPPINE government

MNLF

Nur Misuari

Solidarity Amid Difference The effect of ethnicity in the perspective of national identity

The difference between Moro from Mindanao and Filipino: Moro is relentlessly resisting, Filipino see it as resistance, subjugation, oppression, revolt, and emancipation

Filipino leader saw Mindanao merely as an unfinished task in the agenda of national integration

This stops complete unification of Philippines

Ethnicity, national identity and marginalization

The moro problem is not a problem of political integration and social assimilation

It is rooted in our failure to recognize differences and to multiply those opportunities in which we can mutually think of one another as sharing similar intentions in a land

Ethnicity become a ground for marginalization

Still, there can be unity even if there is difference

, e g a u g Lan , m s i l a n o i t Na n y o i t t i a n t e i l n A e d I and

Karl Marx—Alienation Estranged to self Estranged to others Estranged to own creation Colonial Mentality English as a medium for almost everything “Our generation was not concerned with knowing who we were and where we came from, but only with deciding how to get to where we were supposed to go.” [R. David] “The nation-state has to show its worth in the everyday lives of its citizens.” [R. David]

National

Identity

-refers both to the distinguishing features of the group, and to the individual's sense of belonging to it

● ‘In a globalized world, will our national identity continue have moral and political relevance in our lives?’

Globalization

- process of global integration of the economies of nations by allowing the unrestricted flow of goods, services, investments and currencies between countries -creates a reality far too elusive for any single nation-state to manage

● ‘In such a setting , the national identity could melt into irrelevance.’

‘Patriotism in the traditional sense assumes the potential moral agency of the sovereign state. If the agency is being eroded, then the grounds of loyalty are undermined, at least from the perspective of human betterment and meaningful community.’ -Richard Falk

‘Filipinos have less and less reason The Filipino Identity● today: to identify themselves by their -MAID (European and Singaporean homes) nationality’ -PROSTITUTE -DANCER (Japan) -UNDERPAID SEAMAN -ROOTLESS NOMAD

‘Tradition have to explain themselves, to become open to interrogation or discourse’ -Anthony Giddens

● ‘Can our doubt about national identity be cured by appropriate exposure to our history, culture and traditions?’

Global Cosmopolitanism

-an individual’s adept at navigating freely within cyberspace, and in doing so understands and can operate successfully, within various global perspectives and among intercultural communicative preferences -‘Cosmopolitanism’, more inclusive moral, economic, and/or political relationships between nations or individuals of different nations

● ‘Identity based solely on national affiliation appears impoverished’

Nationalism

-colonial era; synonymous to selflessness, dignity, courage, and freedom from colonial bondage -post colonial era; commitment to defend and advance national interest

● ‘We cannot expect the new generation to automatically embrace Filipino traditions and customs just because they are Filipinos’

r e d n e G B.

Mothers The greatest and hardest jobs on earth come unrecognized and sadly these are the work done by the women throughout history.

Being a mother is a 24/7 job; after delivering their children to the world, mothers continue to feel deeply responsible for their children, for what they have become or will become. (R.S. David)

“Everyone carries within him an image of woman that he gets from his mother; that determines whether he will honor women in general, or despise them, or be generally indifferent to them.” (Nietzsche)

Mothers greatly affect how their children think and act whether positively or negatively. So there must be a meaningful revaluation of values beginning with the education of mothers about their rights as persons. (R.S. David)

“Women’s relative lack of power in society creates a bitter complication in motherdaughter relationships…” (Debold, Wilson and Malave)

“MATROPHOBIA” – the fear of becoming one’s own mother (Adrienne Rich)

The enemy is the culture that assigns to mothers the role of enforcer of the ethos of submission and compromise to their daughters.

Terms of Survival

Women realize that the world is unfair: it has conferred upon men the right to be the rulers of their families. But even when their husbands show themselves unfit to rule, they somehow feel obliged to maintain the fiction of their men’s supremacy. (R.S. David)

Our culture prescribes our entitlements as men and women within the society and within the family. And crucial to these entitlements are our sexual and reproductive rights.

Women’s awareness is more of a wish than an imperative. (Women Health)

“Women manage to strategically accommodate traditional practices or expectations they find demeaning in order to secure reproductive, familial, or economic needs.”

We maintain and reproduce the practices of how people treat women. Long term solution: Turn the wish into an imperative!

Karen (a rape victim)

Rape must rank as a woman’s darkest nightmare for it represents the most total of all possible invasions of her body. (R.S. David)

We have a culture that tends to confer greater stigma on the victim than on the rapist.

All too often, the injury and the pressure from the culture so disable the victims as to prevent them from coming out publicly to seek justice. Thus, their wounds never heal.

, y t i l a u q E , t n e m p o l Deve e c a e P eyes’ s ’ n e m ugh wo ‘L

thro d l r o w e ook at th

‘You shall not covet your neighbor’s house. You shall not covet your neighbor’s wife, nor his male or female slave, nor his ox or ass, nor anything else that belongs to him’ -Tenth Commandment, Bible

Forms of Depersonalization to Women: ● -brutality and violence by men in their live for they are conditioned not to see themselves as persons ● -repression of own sexuality with a view that it is not their entitlement ● -retardation of own growth because they view themselves only as a mother and a wife ● -no position to actively prevent unwanted pregnancies

Men Vs. Women

-Men; predisposed to war, to zero sum resolution of difference -Women; nurturing roles being assigned to them by society, more inclined to patient deliberation and cooperation

● ‘Gender perspective therefore can also show the way to peace in human affairs’

s s a l C

Surveying Squatters Our usual View of Squatters

The myth about squatters

Various forms of social intervention in the name of the urban poor were being launched on the basis of this images

Raising the issue of class to national awareness for advancement

Panoramic view is needed to solve such social issues

Justice and the Poor The system of Justice exemplifies marginalization

“most of our laws do in fact descriminate against the poor” –(randy david, p.94)

“Justice must be more than the mere legal allocation or denial of rights” (sydney)

Mang Pandoy The story of Mang Pandoy shows that he is an icon of a “marginalized Filipino” who was born poor and died poor. ●Lesson: ●“A life of virtue...must be founded...on solid hard work and the will to selfreliance. It is a demanding standard, one that many of us would sometimes hesitate to apply in measuring lives that have been difficult as that of Mang Pandoy's”

h t a e D d n a e f Li in a f o n i n o i t a a t c i f i n t MouStra e g a b Gar

Davis and Moore’s Stratification Theory “Social inequality is...an unconsciously evolved device by which societies ensure that the most important positions are conscientiously filled by the most qualified persons” Main Points: 1. Society: place individuals in social positions and motivate them to work. 2. Some positions are more functionally important than others and/or require more training or talent than others. 3. Societies place appropriate (i.e., skilled and trained) people in these positions and motivate them to work by connecting these positions to better rewards. 4. Thus, the resulting stratification system is functional for society.

Lack of political stability = Lack of social and economical abundance ”One nation’s garbage may be another nation’s livelihood.” [R. David] Japan garbage scandal—Is the Philippines just a giant dumpsite?

g n i d n a t s r e d Un y c i t l b r u P e . s v v s o e l b P u o r T l a n o s r e s P Issue

Troubles vs. Issues—C.W. Mills Personal trouble—values of an individual that he feels is threatened Public issue—values of the masses that they feel are being threatened Poverty: trouble or issue? 2 Realities: 7. Economic Underdevelopment 8. Inequality

Inequality Triangles

Social Rank

Money & Privileges

On being Pro-poo ●Charity vs Anti-poverty Commitment ● ●The former is content with episodic demonstrations of generosity while the latter is concerned with the sustainability of the program. ● ●“Charity folds up as soon as the money runs out; while Anti-poverty commitment persists in reviewing the program, plugs the loopholes, and fine-tunes the strategy until the program becomes self-sustaining.”

Sourc es:

http://www.infed.org/thinkers/wright_mills.htm http://www.public.iastate.edu/~s2005.soc.401/summary2(jan28).pdf http://socserv.mcmaster.ca/soc/courses/soc2r3/sf/d-m.htm http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uiiBjVrKz-8&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2c96xc1aUtw&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wqmCNWIOASE&feature=related Nation, Self, and Citizenship by Randolph David

* NOT YET IN MPA FORM AH

I’ll do it when we finalize everything