Soal Ujian Semester Itl's

SRIWIJAYA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION Semester Examination Academic Year 2008/2009 Course Code Issued on Due Instructor E-Mail

: Introduction to Linguistics : GIG 211 / 3 Credits : December 30, 2008 : January 6, 2009, the latest at 17.00 Submit your answer at LB Bukit Besar, or email me : Zainal A. Naning : [email protected]

Directions : a. b. c.

Even though you refer to the textbook or other references, explain in your own words. You may give examples of English or other languages. Answer the question as completely and clearly as possible. 1. What is linguistic ? What is language ? 2. Describe the terms; linguistic knowledge and performance 1 3. How is language related to the brain ? what happens if your brains is injured ? 4. What is grammatically ? How do you determine it ? 5. What is lexicon ? 6. Give your own exalmples of English morphemes, words, phrases and sentences and explain their meaning ! 7. What does each of these terms mean ? Can you provide three examples ? - homophones - orthopists - orthography - hyponyms - noun-centered meaning - verb-centered meaning - entailment - contradiction - metaphors - idioms 8. What is phonology ? What is phonetics ? Their differences ? 9. How many rules of phonology are there ? What are the function of phonology rules ? What is the importance of IPA ? 10. Explain the term “language change” ! What kind of change ?

1. Linguistic is all things that are related to language. And language is the sounds, word, or anything that can be use to express a thinking of peole or creature to communicate. 2. Linguistic knowledge (linguistic competence), understanding the rule of forming sentences in a language (what you know in your head) Linguistic performance (comprehenssion of speech), the real things you say/produce/write when you use the language. 3. There are a special part in the part brain that is thought to be critical for language comprehenssion. So, if our brain is injured, our language or speech comprehenssion will be also injured or disturbed. 4. Grammatically means in a grammatical manner. We can determine the language is grammatically with two ways-“is it’s stucture correct ?” and “is it meaningful ? “ For example : I eats friedchicken (uncorrect because the stucture is uncorrect) I eat friedchicken (correct because the stucture is correct and it is meaningful) Friedchicken eats me (uncorrect-the stucture is correct but it is not meaningful) 5. Lexicon : - A word-book or dictionary. A vocabulary of terms used in connection with a particular subject. - Linguistic knowledge that exists in our head. - Component of the grammar contains all of linguistic knowledge. 6. No. Lingustic Items a. Morphemes (M)

Meaning Minimal meaningful language unit/smallest linguistic unit

b.

Words

c.

Pharases

d.

Sentences

Single unit of language Group of words that functions as a single unit in the sintax of a sentences A set of word expressing a statement.

Example The word “unbreakable” has three morphemes: “un”, a bound morphemes “break” and free morphemes “able”. Unbreakable, go, active, etc. -the house at the end of the street -at the white house Just do it now !, I like him, The cat wears a shoes.

7. No. Term a. Homophones b. Orthoepists

Meaning Someone who studies the way words are pronounced. The art of writing words with the proper letters, acoording to accepted usage;correct spelling. A word or phrase whose semantic range is included within that of another word.

c.

Orthography

d.

Hyponyms

e.

Noun-centered meaning

f.

Verb-centered meaning

g.

Entailment

h.

Contradiction

Negative entailment

i.

Metaphors

Creative extension of concrete of terms

j.

Idioms

A phrase whose meaning

Noun plays as a central role in the meaning and structure of most sentence. Verb plays as a central role in the meaning and structure of most sentence. The relationship between two sentences where the truth of one (A) requires the truth of the other (B)

Examples

- blue, red, white (color) - Kevin, Nick, Steven (Boy) - Fan, Komputer, Robot (elektronic) -

- The brick is red>< The brick is not white. - I like sweetness>
cannot be determined by the literal definition.

- I got the blue - Time is running out

8. Phonology is the study of how sounds are organized and use in naural languages. The Diffrences of them: Phonetic

Phonology

Is the basis for phonological analysis.

Is the basis for further work in morphology, syntax, discourse, and orthography design.

Analyzes the production of all human speech sounds, regardless of language.

Analyzes the sounds patterns if language by determining which phonetic sounds are sifnificant and explaining how these sounds are intepreted by the native speaker.

9.

- There are six rules of phonology. - The function of phonology rules is to provide the phoenetic information necessary for the pronunciation of utterances in a grammar. - The importance of IPA is to

10. Language change is the manner in language term are modified over time. The kind of language change, among other things : vocabulary changes, spelling change, and punctuation change.