Sdh 4
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Positive Pointer Justification (PPJ) Data
RSOH AU Pointer
Positive Pointer Justification (PPJ) MSOH
Virtual Container (VC)
When the data rate of the VC is too slow in relation to the rate of the STM-1 frame, then I bits are inverted & the pointer value is incremented by 1. This is known as PPJ.
Negative Pointer Justification (NPJ) Negative Pointer Justification (NPJ) Data
RSOH AU Pointer
MSOH
Virtual Container (VC)
When the data rate of the VC is too fast in relation to the rate of the STM-1 frame, D bits are inverted and the pointer value is decremented by 1. This is known as NPJ.
Advantages High speed standards Efficient Multiplexing / Demultiplexing Enhanced Operation, administration, Provisioning, Maintenance capabilities (OAM&P)
Next Generation SDH: Supports data(Ethernet) as well as voice. Use of GFP, VCAT, LCAS, Auto Negotiation.
Emulated LAN (ELAN)
RSOH AU Pointer
Positive Pointer Justification (PPJ) MSOH
Virtual Container (VC)
When the data rate of the VC is too slow in relation to the rate of the STM-1 frame, then I bits are inverted & the pointer value is incremented by 1. This is known as PPJ.
Negative Pointer Justification (NPJ) Negative Pointer Justification (NPJ) Data
RSOH AU Pointer
MSOH
Virtual Container (VC)
When the data rate of the VC is too fast in relation to the rate of the STM-1 frame, D bits are inverted and the pointer value is decremented by 1. This is known as NPJ.
Advantages High speed standards Efficient Multiplexing / Demultiplexing Enhanced Operation, administration, Provisioning, Maintenance capabilities (OAM&P)
Next Generation SDH: Supports data(Ethernet) as well as voice. Use of GFP, VCAT, LCAS, Auto Negotiation.
Emulated LAN (ELAN)
