Scor Model Analysis

‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ اﻣﻴﺮﻛﺒﻴﺮ‬

‫ﺳﻤﻴﻨﺎر درس ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ زﻧﺠﻴﺮه ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ‬

‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎرﻫﺎي ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد زﻧﺠﻴﺮه ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﺪل ‪SCOR‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎد‪ :‬دﻛﺘﺮ رﺿﺎ زﻧﺠﻴﺮاﻧﻲ ﻓﺮاﻫﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اراﺋﻪ دﻫﻨﺪﮔﺎن‪:‬‬ ‫رﺿﺎ ﺟﺎذﻣﻲ‬ ‫آرﻣﺎن ﺗﻴﻤﻮري‬

‫ﺑﻬﺎر ‪1386‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎرﻫﺎي ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد‬ ‫اﻫﺪاف اراﺋﻪ ﻣﻌﻴﺎرﻫﺎي ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬

‫ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﺎ اﻫﺪاف ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ‬

‫‪.2‬‬

‫ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻣﻴﺰان دﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ اﻫﺪاف‬

‫‪.3‬‬

‫ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ درﺟﻪ اﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ در دﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ اﻫﺪاف‬

‫اﻧﻮاع ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻫﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﻟﻲ‪ :‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬ ‫ƒ‬

‫‪.2‬‬

‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻼع رﺳﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬راﻫﺒﺮي و ﻛﻨﺘﺮل اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬

‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ‪ :‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات اﻳﺠﺎد ﺷﺪه در دﻳﺪﮔﺎه ﻫﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮي ﮔﺮاﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﻪ ﺳﺎزي و‪ ...‬ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد آﻣﺪه اﻧﺪ‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎرﻫﺎي ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد در‬ ‫زﻧﺠﻴﺮه ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫• ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ‪ :‬ﺑﺎ ﺷﺎﺧﺼﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺪت ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺳﻔﺎرش‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺪت ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺳﻔﺎرش و‪ ...‬ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬ ‫• واﻛﻨﺶ ﭘﺬﻳﺮي زﻧﺠﻴﺮه ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ‪ :‬ﺑﺎ ﺷﺎﺧﺼﻬﺎﻳﻲ در ﺣﻮزه ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ و‬ ‫وﺳﻌﺖ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻫﺎ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد؛ ﻣﻌﻴﺎرﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ زﻣﺎن ﺳﻴﻜﻞ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي‬ ‫• داراﻳﻲ ﻫﺎ و ﻣﻮﺟﻮدي ﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﺷﺎﺧﺼﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﮔﺮدﺷﻬﺎي داراﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮدﺷﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮدي و ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدي ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﻴﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ و ﻣﻌﻴﺎرﻫﺎي ﺑﻬﺮه وري در اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪) .‬ﺳﻮد‪ ،‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﭘﺲ از ﻓﺮوش‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺮه وري‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﻛﻨﺎن و‪(...‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫اﻧﮕﻴﺰه ﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﺪاﻳﺶ اﻧﺠﻤﻦ‬ ‫زﻧﺠﻴﺮه ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ )‪ (SCC‬و ﻣﺪل ‪SCOR‬‬ ‫‪ Õ‬ﭘﻴﺪاﻳﺶ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ زﻧﺠﻴﺮه ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪ Õ‬ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ اﻳﺠﺎد ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ زﻧﺠﻴﺮه ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪ Õ‬روي آوردن ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰارﻫﺎي ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‬ ‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬ ‫‪ Õ‬ﺑﺮوز ﻣﺸﻜﻼت ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ زﻳﺎد ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪم ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮﻳﻲ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﺎﻻت ﻣﻌﻤﻮل ﻛﻪ ﺣﺘﻲ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ در ﻫﻤﻜﺎري ﻫﺎي زﻧﺠﻴﺮه‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ Õ‬ﺗﻼش ﺑﺮاي اراﺋﻪ اﺑﺰارﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد و ﭘﺮ ﻛﺮدن ﺧﻼءﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در‬ ‫ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﻛﺴﺐ و ﻛﺎر‬ ‫‪ Õ‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﻴﺮي ‪ SCC‬ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎ و اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﻲ زﻧﺠﻴﺮه ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪4‬‬

(SCC) ‫اﻧﺠﻤﻦ زﻧﺠﻴﺮه ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ‬ Supply Chain Council Members:

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916 Company Members

•

139 Academic Members

Membership types (Annual Dues): •

End User / Practitioner Membership (2500 $)

•

SME Membership / Practitioners Only (995 $)

•

Global / Multi-national Membership (4000 $)

•

Software Vendor Membership (2500 $)

•

Consultant/Analyst Membership (2500 $)

•

Non-Profit Membership (300 $) Non voting member

(SCC) ‫اﻧﺠﻤﻦ زﻧﺠﻴﺮه ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ‬ Supply Chain Council Benefits of SCC Membership:

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1.

SCOR Workshops and SCC Events

2.

Participation in SCOR Model Development Projects

3.

Access to SCOR Reference Material

4.

SCC Member Contact Information

5.

SCC Global Membership, Local Chapters

6.

Benchmarking Participation Discounts

‫ﻣﺪل ‪SCOR‬‬ ‫‪Supply Chain Operations Reference‬‬ ‫• ‪ SCOR‬ﻳﻚ ﻣﺪل ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ اﻧﺠﻤﻦ زﻧﺠﻴﺮه ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻳﻚ اﺑﺰار اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺼﻲ ﺑﺮاي ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﭘﻴﻜﺮه زﻧﺠﻴﺮه ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ‬

‫•‬

‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﻧﺸﺎن دادن ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎي ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ زﻧﺠﻴﺮه ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ در درون و ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺒﻮد و درك ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﻴﻦ اﺟﺰاء ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ رود‬

‫•‬

‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ درﺧﺘﻲ از ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪة ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺗﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﺮيِ ﻣﺸﺘﺮي اﺳﺖ و ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﻛﺴﺐ و ﻛﺎر ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮآوردن ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎي ﻣﺸﺘﺮي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺑﻪ اراﺋﻪ اﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎت اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد و ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻌﺎرف و ﻣﺸﺘﺮك ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ اي و ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻻت ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﻣﻲ ﭘﺮدازد‪.‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫ﻣﺪل ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ و ‪SCOR‬‬

‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻳﻚ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﻨﻮﻧﻲ در ﻳﻚ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ و اﻳﺠﺎد ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ‬ ‫آﻳﻨﺪه )‪(Business Process Reengineering‬‬

‫‪.2‬‬

‫ﻛﻤﻲ ﻛﺮدن ﻛﺎراﻳﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ و ﺑﻨﺎ ﻧﻬﺎدن اﻫﺪاف ﻛﻮﺗﺎه‬ ‫ﻣﺪت دروﻧﻲ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ‪-‬در‪-‬ﻃﺒﻘﻪ )‪(Benchmarking‬‬

‫‪.3‬‬

‫ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ و راﻫﻜﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰاري ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ‪-‬در‪-‬ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪(Best Practice Analysis) .‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫ﻣﺪل ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ و ‪SCOR‬‬

‫ﻳﻚ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮارد زﻳﺮ اﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد از ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ‬

‫•‬

‫اراﺋﻪ ﻳﻚ ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب رواﺑﻂ در ﻣﻴﺎن ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ ﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬

‫•‬

‫اراﺋﻪ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻨﺠﺶ اﺟﺮاي ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ‬

‫•‬

‫اراﺋﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ اﺟﺮا در رده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬

‫•‬

‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺸﺎن دادن اﺟﺰاء‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫ﻣﺪل ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ و ‪SCOR‬‬

‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪ SCOR‬در ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪه ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻚ ﻣﺪل ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫•‬

‫اراﺋﻪ راه رﺳﻴﺪن ﺑﻪ ﻣﺰاﻳﺎي رﻗﺎﺑﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ‬

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‫ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ واﺿﺢ و ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎ‬

‫•‬

‫اﻳﺠﺎد ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﻴﺮي‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ و ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎ‬

‫•‬

‫اﻳﺠﺎد ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ در ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻳﻚ ﻫﺪف و ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎزﮔﺮداﻧﺪن ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻫﺪاف دﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫ﺣﻴﻄﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺪل ‪SCOR‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ در ‪ SCOR‬ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد ‪:‬‬ ‫• ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻌﻞ و اﻧﻔﻌﺎﻻت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺘﺮي از زﻣﺎن ﺳﻔﺎرش ﺗﺎ ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎب‬ ‫• ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺗﺮاﻛﻨﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل )اﺟﻨﺎس و ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ(‪ ،‬از ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪة ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺗﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﺮيِ ﻣﺸﺘﺮي ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ‪ ,‬ﻓﺮاورده ﻫﺎ ‪,‬‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎت ﻳﺪﻛﻲ ‪ ,‬ﻣﺤﺼﻮل اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﻪ ‪ ,‬ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار و ﻏﻴﺮه‪.‬‬ ‫• ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻼت ﺑﺎزار از درك ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎي ﺑﺎزار ﺗﺎ ﺑﺮآورده ﻛﺮدن ﻫﺮ ﺳﻔﺎرش‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫ﺣﻴﻄﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺪل ‪SCOR‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ‪ SCOR‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﺗﺠﺎري ﻳﺎ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎي‬ ‫اﺷﺎره ﺷﺪه در زﻳﺮ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫• ﻓﺮوش و ﺑﺎزارﻳﺎﺑﻲ ) ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ (‬ ‫• ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‬ ‫• ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل‬ ‫• ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺸﺘﺮي ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫ﻣﺪل ‪SCOR‬‬ ‫ﻣﺪل ‪ SCOR‬ﺑﺮﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﭘﻨﺞ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي )‪ :(Plan‬ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎﺗﻮازن ﻋﺮﺿﻪ و ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻛﺎري‪،‬‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻳﺎﺑﻲ ‪ ,‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ و ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬

‫‪.2‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻳﺎﺑﻲ )‪ :(Source‬ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻞ ﻛﺎﻻ و ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎي واﻗﻌﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي ﺷﺪه‬

‫‪.3‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ )‪ :(Make‬ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎي‬ ‫واﻗﻌﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي ﺷﺪه‬

‫‪.4‬‬

‫ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ )‪ :(Deliver‬ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ آﻣﺎده ﺳﺎزي ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت‪/‬ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﺑﺮاي ارﺿﺎي‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎي واﻗﻌﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي ﺷﺪه )ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺳﻔﺎرش‪ ،‬ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ و ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ(‬

‫‪.5‬‬

‫ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ )‪ :(Return‬ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎزﮔﺮداﻧﻲ ﻛﺎﻻ ﻳﺎ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﺎﻻي ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﻮرده ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ دﻟﻴﻠﻲ را ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬

‫ﻣﺪل ‪SCOR‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :1‬ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت درون زﻧﺠﻴﺮه ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ‪ 5‬ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪه در ﻣﺪل ‪[1] SCOR‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬

‫ﺣﻴﻄﻪ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﺪل ‪SCOR‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي )‪:(Plan‬‬ ‫• اﻳﺠﺎد ﺗﻮازن ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ و اﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎت و اراﺋﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﻞ زﻧﺠﻴﺮة ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ و ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻳﺎﺑﻲ ‪ ,‬ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ ﻛﺎر ‪ ,‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت زﻧﺠﻴﺮة ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ‪ ,‬ﺟﻤﻊ آوري داده ﻫﺎ ‪ ,‬ﻣﻮﺟﻮدي و‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ ‪ ,‬ﺣﻤﻞ وﻧﻘﻞ ‪ ,‬ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي و ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﺮدن اﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎت و‬ ‫ﺑﺮآوردن آن ﻫﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻫﻢ ﺗﺮاز ﻛﺮدن ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي واﺣﺪ زﻧﺠﻴﺮة ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي ﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫ﺣﻴﻄﻪ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﺪل ‪) SCOR‬اداﻣﻪ(‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻳﺎﺑﻲ )‪:(Source‬‬ ‫• زﻣﺎن ﺑﻨﺪي ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻫﺎ‪ ,‬درﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻫﺎ‪ ,‬ﺑﺎز ﺑﻴﻨﻲ‪ ,‬اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﺤﺼﻮل و ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬ ‫• ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ و اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﺟﺪﻳﺪ و ﺣﺎﻻﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ از ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ ﻛﺎر‪ ,‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﺮدن ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري از اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‪.‬‬ ‫• ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدي‪ ,‬ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ‪ ,‬ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ورودي‪ ,‬ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‪,‬‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺰوﻣﺎت ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ واردات ﻳﺎ ﺻﺎدرات و اﻳﺠﺎد ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬ ‫‪16‬‬

‫ﺣﻴﻄﻪ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﺪل ‪) SCOR‬اداﻣﻪ(‬ ‫‪ -3‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ )‪(Make‬‬ ‫• ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‪ ,‬اﻋﻼم ﺷﺮوع ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‪ ,‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ و آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ‪ ,‬ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي‬ ‫ﻛﺮدن‪ ,‬ﭼﻴﺪن ﻣﺤﺼﻮل و ﻗﺮار دادن ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬ ‫• ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺳﺎزي ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‪-‬ﺑﺮاي‪-‬ﺳﻔﺎرش‬ ‫• ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‪ ,‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت‪ ,‬اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‪ ,‬ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت در ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺳﺎﺧﺖ )‪ ,(WIP‬ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات‬ ‫و ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻼت‪ ,‬ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ و ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫ﺣﻴﻄﻪ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﺪل ‪) SCOR‬اداﻣﻪ(‬ ‫‪ -4‬ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ )‪(Deliver‬‬ ‫• ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺳﻔﺎرﺷﺎت‪ ،‬از ﭘﺮدازش ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻫﺎ و ﻧﻘﻞ ﻗﻮل ﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺘﺮي ﺗﺎ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ و اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺣﻤﻞ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎ‬ ‫• ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ اﻧﺒﺎر‪ ،‬از درﻳﺎﻓﺖ و ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎرﮔﻴﺮي و ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎدن ﻣﺤﺼﻮل‬ ‫• ﭘﺬﻳﺮش و ﺑﺎزﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل در ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﺸﺘﺮي و ﻧﺼﺐ در ﺻﻮرت ﻟﺰوم‬ ‫• دادن ﺻﻮرت ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺸﺘﺮي‬ ‫• ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻛﺎﻻ‪ ,‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت‪ ,‬اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‪ ,‬ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﺗﻤﺎم ﺷﺪه‪ ,‬ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ‪ ,‬ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ‪ ,‬دوره ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل و وارد ﻛﺮدن ﻳﺎ ﺻﺎدر ﻛﺮدن اﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎت‬ ‫‪18‬‬

‫ﺣﻴﻄﻪ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﺪل ‪) SCOR‬اداﻣﻪ(‬ ‫‪ -5‬ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ )‪(Return‬‬ ‫• ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎزﮔﺮداﻧﺪن ﻛﺎﻻي ﻣﻌﻴﻮب ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ و ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ داده ﺷﺪه‬ ‫• ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎزﮔﺮداﻧﺪن ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ و ﺑﺎزﺑﻴﻨﻲ )‪ (MRO‬دارﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ داده ﺷﺪه‪.‬‬ ‫• ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎزﮔﺮداﻧﺪن ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﻣﺎزاد ﺑﺮ ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎزﮔﺮداﻧﺪن‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ داده ﺷﺪه اﺿﺎﻓﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ ﻛﺎﻻ‪ ,‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت‪ ,‬ﺟﻤﻊ آوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‪ ,‬ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﺮﺟﻮﻋﺎت‪ ,‬ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﻫﺎي‬ ‫اﺻﻠﻲ‪ ,‬ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ‪ ,‬ﭘﻴﻜﺮه ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺒﻜﻪ و ﺑﺮآوردن اﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎت ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺷﺪه‬ ‫‪19‬‬

‫ﺳﻄﻮح ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ‬ ‫در ﻣﺪل ‪SCOR‬‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ :1‬اﻧﻮاع ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪ 5‬ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ ذﻛﺮ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ و در اﻳﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺣﻴﻄﻪ و ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ‪ ،SCOR‬ﭘﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫اﻫﺪاف ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎراﻳﻲ رﻗﺎﺑﺘﻲ ﮔﺬارده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ :2‬ﭘﻴﻜﺮه ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ‬ ‫در اﻳﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ 30‬ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ‪ 5‬ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ اﺻﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﻴﻜﺮه ﺑﻨﺪي‬ ‫زﻧﺠﻴﺮه ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺧﻮد ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻛﻨﻨﺪ اراﺋﻪ ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ :3‬ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ‬ ‫در اﻳﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ ﭘﺮدازد ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ورودي و ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻛﺎراﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد و ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻻزم ﺑﺮاي دﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﻮه اﻧﺠﺎم ﻛﺎر و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات‪/‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪20‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :2‬ﺳﻄﻮح و‬ ‫ﺣﻮزه ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺪل‬ ‫‪ SCOR‬در زﻧﺠﻴﺮه‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ]‪[1‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪ ﺳﺎزي )‪(Enable‬‬

‫• ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪﺳﺎزﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻃﺒﻘﺎت ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬ ‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت و ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت ﺑﻴﻦ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎ را ﻣﻬﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﻔﻆ و ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ و در ﻫﺮﻳﻚ از‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﺳﻄﺢ ﻳﻚ‪ ،‬ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪﺳﺎزﻫﺎي ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮع ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ورودي و ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت آن را ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫• اﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ از وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ ‪ 3.1‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ وارد ﻣﺪل ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪ ﺳﺎزي )‪(Enable‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪ ﺳﺎزي در ﻣﻮارد زﻳﺮ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪:‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬

‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻛﺮدن و ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬

‫‪.2‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﺎراﻳﻲ‬

‫‪.3‬‬

‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ داده‬

‫‪.4‬‬

‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدي‬

‫‪.5‬‬

‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ داراﻳﻲ ﻫﺎي اﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬

‫‪.6‬‬

‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ‬

‫‪.7‬‬

‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﭘﻴﻜﺮه زﻧﺠﻴﺮه ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ‬

‫‪.8‬‬

‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺗﻮاﻓﻘﺎت ﻣﻨﻈﻢ‬

‫‪.9‬‬

‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ وﻳﮋه ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ‬ ‫‪23‬‬

‫ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪ ﺳﺎزي )‪(Enable‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪﺳﺎزﻫﺎي ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي )‪:(EP‬‬ ‫‪ :EP1‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ ﻛﺴﺐ و ﻛﺎر ﺑﺮاي ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي‬ ‫‪ :EP2‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻛﺎراﻳﻲ زﻧﺠﻴﺮه ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪ :EP3‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري داده ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي‬ ‫‪ :EP4‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدي زﻧﺠﻴﺮه ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪ :EP5‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ داراﻳﻲ ﻫﺎي اﺳﺎﺳﻲ زﻧﺠﻴﺮه ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪ :EP6‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ زﻧﺠﻴﺮه ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪ :EP7‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﭘﻴﻜﺮه ﺑﻨﺪي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي‬ ‫‪ :EP8‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎي ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻲ و ﻗﺒﻮل ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫‪ :EP9‬اﻳﺠﺎد ﻫﻤﺘﺮازي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ واﺣﺪ زﻧﺠﻴﺮه ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫‪24‬‬

‫اﻧﻮاع ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎ و‬ ‫ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﺪل ‪SCOR‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :3‬ﺟﺎﻳﮕﻴﺮي ﻃﺒﻘﺎت ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ ﻣﺪل ‪ SCOR‬در دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي اﻧﻮاع ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎ ]‪[1‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :4‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر‬ ‫ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎ و ﺳﻄﻮح‬ ‫ﻣﺪل ‪[1] SCOR‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد‬ ‫در ﻣﺪل ‪SCOR‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد در ‪ 5‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻧﻮاع‬ ‫آن‪ ،‬در دو ﺣﻮزه ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﺮي و ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ درون زﻧﺠﻴﺮه ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫اﻧﻮاع ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد‪:‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬

‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن )ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﺮي(‬

‫‪.2‬‬

‫ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮﻳﻲ )ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﺮي(‬

‫‪.3‬‬

‫اﻧﻌﻄﺎف ﭘﺬﻳﺮي )ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﺮي(‬

‫‪.4‬‬

‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ )ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ درون زﻧﺠﻴﺮه(‬

‫‪.5‬‬

‫داراﻳﻲ ﻫﺎ )ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ درون زﻧﺠﻴﺮه(‬ ‫‪27‬‬

‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد‬ ‫در ﻣﺪل ‪) SCOR‬اداﻣﻪ(‬ ‫ﺟﺪول ‪ :1‬ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد و ﺣﻮزه آن در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻳﻚ )ﺳﻄﺢ اﻧﻮاع ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ(‬ ‫ﻣﺪل ‪[1] SCOR‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد‬ ‫در ﻣﺪل ‪) SCOR‬اداﻣﻪ(‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻌﻴﺎرﻫﺎي ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه در ‪ SCOR‬در دو دﺳﺘﻪ ﺟﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎرﻫﺎي ﻛﻴﻔﻲ‪ :‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎ ‪ 120‬ﻣﻌﻴﺎر ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه و ﺿﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎن ﻧﻮع آن )ورودي‪/‬ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ و‪ (...‬ﺑﺎ اراﺋﻪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ آن را ﺑﻴﺎن ﻣﻲ دارد‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻛﺪ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪي ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ آن ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد را ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫•‬

‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎرﻫﺎي ﻛﻤﻲ‪ :‬در اﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ‪ 136‬ﻣﻌﻴﺎر ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻮع )ﻛﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻲ(‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ و ﻣﺤﻞ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده آن آورده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :5‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر‬ ‫ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎ و ﺳﻄﻮح‬ ‫ﻣﺪل ‪[1] SCOR‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

(P1.4) Establish and Communicate Supply Chain Plans (P3.4) Production Plans (P4.4) Delivery Plans (EP.3) Planning Data (EP.7) Item Master, Bill of Materials, Product Routings (D2.3, D3.3) Reserve Resources and Determine Delivery Date

P2.1

(EP.1) Planning Decision Policies

Identify, Prioritize, and Aggregate Product Requirements P2.3

P2.4

Balance Product Resources with Product Requirements

Establish Sourcing Plans

P2.2 Identify, Assess, and Aggregate Product Resources

Sourcing Plans (P1.2, P4.2, S1.1, S2.1, S3.1, S3.3, D1.3, D2.3)

31

(Supplier) Product Availability (S1.4, S2.4, S3.6) Inventory Availability (S1.1, S2.1, S3.3) Sourced Product on Order (EP.3) Planning Data

‫ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬:6 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ [2] ‫ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬

[2] SCOR ‫( در ﻣﺪل‬P2.1) ‫ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺟﺪول ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ‬:2 ‫ﺟﺪول‬ Process Element: Identify, Prioritize, and Aggregate Product Requirements

Process Element Number: P2.1

Process Element Definition The process of identifying, prioritizing, and considering, as a whole with constituent parts, all sources of demand for a product or service in the supply chain .

Performance Attributes

Metric

Flexibility and Responsiveness

Forecast Cycle Time

Cost

None Identified

Reliability

Forecast Accuracy

Assets

None Identified

Best Practices

Features

The demand plan is updated frequently to reflect actual consumption or customer forecast information

None Identified

Capacity and supply constraints are balanced against demand during the planning cycle Master production scheduling reflects management of capacity and/or supply constraints Sales and operations agree to limits of short term flexibility

None Identified

Inputs

Plan

Establish and Communicate Supply Chain Plans

P1.4

Production Plans

P3.4

Delivery Plans

P4.4

Planning Data

EP.3

Item Master, Bill of Materials, Product Routings

EP.7

Reserve Resources and Determine Delivery Date

Source

Make

Deliver

D2.3, D3.3

‫ﭘﻴﻜﺮه ﺑﻨﺪي زﻧﺠﻴﺮة ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﺪل ‪SCOR‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬

‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻛﺮدن ﻧﻬﺎد ﺗﺠﺎرت ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺪل ﺳﺎزي ) ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ‪ ,‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ‪ ,‬ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﻲ (‬

‫‪.2‬‬

‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﺮدن ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدﻳﺖ ﻫﺎي درﮔﻴﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫•‬

‫اﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎت ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ) ﺳﺎﺧﺖ (‬

‫•‬

‫ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ) ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ (‬

‫•‬

‫ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻳﺎﺑﻲ ) ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻳﺎﺑﻲ (‬

‫‪.3‬‬

‫ﻧﺸﺎن دادن ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﻮاد ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻣﻮﺟﻮدﻳﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻛﻤﺎن ﻫﺎ‬

‫‪.4‬‬

‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ از ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺒﻘﺎت ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ دوم‪-‬ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ‪ -‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎي ﻫﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ‬ ‫‪33‬‬

‫ﭘﻴﻜﺮه ﺑﻨﺪي زﻧﺠﻴﺮة ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﺪل ‪) SCOR‬اداﻣﻪ(‬ ‫‪.5‬‬

‫ﺷﺮح ﻫﺮ رﺷﺘﻪ از زﻧﺠﻴﺮة ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫ƒ‬

‫ﮔﺮوه ﻫﺎي زﻧﺠﻴﺮة ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻳﺎﺑﻲ ‪ ,‬ﺳﺎﺧﺖ وﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬ ‫زﻧﺠﻴﺮة ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ را ﻣﻲ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ در ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﻗﺮار دارد‪.‬‬

‫ƒ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺟﺪاﮔﺎﻧﺔ ﻫﺮ رﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻬﻢ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺎت و ﻓﺮق ﻫﺎي دﺳﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ اﺟﺮا و‬ ‫ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪.6‬‬

‫وارد ﻛﺮدن دﺳﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺧﻄﻮط ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﭼﻴﻦ ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن دادن ارﺗﺒﺎط آن ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي اﺟﺮا‬

‫‪.7‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي ﻛﻪ دو ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ زﻧﺠﻴﺮه ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ را‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮓ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪) .‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﻻي ‪(P1‬‬

‫‪.8‬‬

‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺳﻄﻮح‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ و اﻋﻤﺎل )اﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ در ﺣﻴﻄﻪ ‪ SCOR‬ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪(.‬‬ ‫‪34‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :7‬ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻲ از ﭘﻴﻜﺮه ﺑﻨﺪي زﻧﺠﻴﺮة ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﺪل ‪[1] SCOR‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬

Computer-assisted supply chain configuration based on Supply chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model [5]

36

‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ از ﺑﻜﺎرﮔﻴﺮي‬ ‫‪ SCOR‬در ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫• ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ و ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺘﺮي ﺑﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ رﺷﺪ درآﻣﺪ ‪%3‬‬ ‫• ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ‪ 2‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 6‬درﺻﺪي در ‪ 12‬ﻣﺎه اول ﺑﻜﺎرﮔﻴﺮي ﻣﺪل‬ ‫• ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ در ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ داراﻳﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﮔﻴﺮﻳﻬﺎي آﮔﺎﻫﺎﻧﻪ در‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﮔﺬارﻳﻬﺎي ﻛﻼن‬ ‫• ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺪل‪ ،‬زﻳﺮﺳﺎﺧﺘﻬﺎي اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺮاي ‪ IT‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻮﺟﻮد‬ ‫آﻣﺪه ﻛﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﭼﺸﻤﮕﻴﺮ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﺳﻮد ‪ 1‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 3‬درﺻﺪي ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اي در ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ زﻧﺠﻴﺮه‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪37‬‬

‫ﺟﺪول ‪ :3‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺑﻜﺎرﮔﻴﺮي ‪ SCOR‬در ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ]‪[5‬‬

‫‪38‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ 1.

SCOR 80 Overview Booklet2

2.

Supply Chain Operations Reference Model 4.0

3.

http://www.supply-chain.org

4.

http://www.ebizq.net/topics/scm

5.

Samuel H. Huang, Sunil K. Sheoran, Harshal Keskar (2005), Computer-assisted supply chain configuration based on Supply chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model, Computers & Industrial Engineering 48 (2005) 377–394

6.

SCC Member Brochure 2005 (http://www.supply-chain.org)

‫ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ دﻛﺘﺮ ﻧﺴﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﺴﮕﺮي و دﻛﺘﺮ رﺿﺎ‬،‫ﻛﺮﻳﺴﺘﻮف ﻛﻴﻠﮕﺮ‬-‫ ﻫﺎرﺗﻤﻮت اﺷﺘﺪﻟﺮ‬،‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ زﻧﺠﻴﺮه ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫ اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ اﻣﻴﺮﻛﺒﻴﺮ‬1385 ‫ ﭼﺎپ اول‬،‫زﻧﺠﻴﺮاﻧﻲ ﻓﺮاﻫﺎﻧﻲ‬

39

.7