Scientific Paper

Scientific Paper Gesmundo, Aimee D.P. I-27 Prof. Teddy Manansala I.

Introduction:

We all know that compounds are classified as acids, bases and salts. This three classification of compound has its own identity to recognize easily. The acids are known for having sour taste. Citrus fruits such as lemons have a sour taste due to the citric acid found in them; vinegar is a solution of approximately 5% acetic acid; sour milk contains lactic acid, which gives it its sour taste. Ability to turn blue litmus paper red and neutralizes bases. Bases are known for having bitter taste and slick feeling. A dilute solution of sodium hydroxide, for example, has a soapy slick feeling on the skin. Strong bases will also dissolve hair, and for this reason sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide are often found in drain openers. It turns red litmus paper blue and neutralizes acids. This scientific paper will give bits of information about acids, bases and salts. II.

Materials: Alugbati tops Rubbing Alcohol Knife Bowl Wooden ladle Bond paper Extract of Alugbati Flat plate Scissors Small jar with cover Saucer Three medicines dropper Three bottles with a wide mouth Toothpaste Shampoo Egg white Tap water Distilled water Mineral water

III.

Procedures:

Chopping of alugbati tops.

Transfer it in a coco bowl with drops of alcohol. Put two drops of salt solution in another strip.

Pouring the juice in a clean diaper cloth. Put two drops of apog in another strip.

In a bowl, dip a piece of Bond paper. Put two drops of vinegar in one strip.

Lay it each strip in a saucer and observe changes.

IV.

Data:

Results: VINEGAR APOG SALT SOL’N TOOTHPASTE SHAMPOO EGG WHITE TAP WATER DISTILLED WATER MINERAL WATER

ACID BASE SALT ACID BASE BASE

LIGHTER DARKER NONE WHITE WHITE NONE NONE NONE

The alugbati paper that has the drops of vinegar became lighter or light green in color. With apog, it became darker. With salt solution, it seems nothing changed.

Place it in a flat plate and let it dry.

Cut it in three strips.

Discussion: According to Arrhenius,August (1859-1927), a Swedish physicist and chemist that an acid as a substance that yields hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water and a base as a substance that yields hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water. According to Bronsted,Johannes and Lowry,Thomas that an acid is any substance that can donate a proton (H+ion) to another substance; a base is any substance that can accept a proton (H+ ) from another substance. In other words acids is a proton donor, and the base is a proton acceptor. With these information I could say that the alugbati paper with drops of vinegar (example of acid) became lighter in color because acid is a proton donor that adds or gives some substance so that the color will change but just light and the alugbati paper with drops of apog (example of base) became darker in color because the base is a proton acceptor. So, it just accepts a certain substance and forms a darker color. While the salt solution changed nothing because salt was from the sea which is a body of water. This is also the result of the experiment that I’ve done at home. I used toothpaste for acid, shampoo for the base and tap water. V.

Conclusion:

The compound (acid, base and salt) that drops into a specific paper like alugbati paper changed its original color except in salt. This is the reaction with the indicators, which only means that a certain organic dye, called, gives different colors depending on whether they are in an acidic or basic medium. And salt is also a form in which came from the sea so there’s no change. VI.

References:

Brescia,Frank, Chemistry: A Modern Introduction. W.B. Saunders Company 1978 p.413 Brown,Theore L.,Chemistry, the Central Science. New Jersey. Matta,Michael S., General, Organic and Biological Chemistry. The Benjamin/Cunnings Publishing Company, Inc. 1986 p.249 Ouellette,Robert J., Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry. Prentice Hall Inc, 1997 p.255-260 Redmore,Fred H., Fundamentals of Chemistry. Reliable Publishing House Inc. p.327-329