Sbs 2003-deploying Windows Server 2003 Terminal Server
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Deploying Windows Server 2003 Terminal Server to Host User Desktops in a Windows Small Business Server 2003 Environment Microsoft Corporation Published: September 2004 Version: 2
Abstract By adding an additional server to your Microsoft® Windows® Small Business Server 2003 network, you can enable Terminal Server. Using Terminal Server, you can host your users’ desktops. This can save your organization money by allowing you to extend the life of your desktop hardware. For the most up-to-date product documentation, see the Microsoft Web site at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=33326.
Objective The information contained in this document represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation on the issues discussed as of the date of publication. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information presented after the date of publication. This White Paper is for informational purposes only. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT. Complying with all applicable copyright laws is the responsibility of the user. Without limiting the rights under copyright, no part of this document may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), or for any purpose, without the express written permission of Microsoft Corporation. Microsoft may have patents, patent applications, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property rights covering subject matter in this document. Except as expressly provided in any written license agreement from Microsoft, the furnishing of this document does not give you any license to these patents, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property. Unless otherwise noted, the example companies, organizations, products, domain names, e-mail addresses, logos, people, places, and events depicted herein are fictitious, and no association with any real company, organization, product, domain name, e-mail address, logo, person, place, or event is intended or should be inferred.
2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, ActiveX, Outlook, Win32, Windows, and Windows Server are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the U.S.A. and/or other countries. The names of actual companies and products mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.
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Contents Objective..................................................................................... ...........4 Upgrading from Small Business Server 2000 with Terminal Services Enabled .......................................................................................................... .....6 Overview of Planning and Deploying Terminal Server in a Windows Small Business Server Environment........................................................... ......7 Step 1: Plan Server and Network Resources................................... ........8 Step 2: Choose the Licensing Mode................................................... .....9 Step 3: Configure the Terminal Server Role..........................................11 Step 4: Create an Administrator Account.............................................12 Step 5: Create a Computer Account and Connect to the Network........12 Step 6: Configure Terminal Server Licensing........................................13 Step 7: Redirect My Documents Folders............................... ................15 Step 8: Install Client Applications.......................................... ...............16 Step 9: Configure Client Computers................................ .....................17 Related Links............................................................................... .........18
Deploying Windows Server 2003 Terminal Server to Host User Desktops in a Windows Small Business Server 2003 Environment Objective By adding an additional server to your Microsoft® Windows® Small Business Server 2003 network, you can enable Terminal Server. Using Terminal Server, you can host your users’ desktops. This can save your organization money by allowing you to extend the life of your desktop hardware.
Note You can also host line-of-business applications with Terminal Server for central administration of the application and data. For more information about hosting line-of-business applications with Terminal Server, click Start, click Help and Support, and then search for “Program considerations”. In addition, see “Hosting Applications with Terminal Server” at the Microsoft TechNet Web site (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=19636).
After you have installed the Microsoft® Windows® Small Business Server 2003 operating system and have completed the To Do List, you can join an additional server to your network and configure it as a terminal server.
What is Terminal Server? The Terminal Server component of the Microsoft Windows Server™ 2003 operating system can deliver the Windows desktop, in addition to Windows-based applications, from a centralized server to virtually any desktop computing device, including those that cannot run Windows. Terminal Services transmits only the user interface of the program to the client computer. The client computer then returns keyboard and mouse clicks to be processed by the server. Terminal Server uses the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) to communicate between client and server.
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Client computers connecting to the terminal server can run Windows (including the Microsoft™ Windows™ CE operating system) or run on other operating systems such as the Apple Macintosh or even UNIX (using a third-party add-on). Each user sees only their individual session, which is managed transparently by the server operating system and is independent of any other client session.
Terminal Services and Windows Small Business Server You cannot run Terminal Services in Application Mode on a server that is running Windows Small Business Server 2003. Because Terminal Services is optimized for the desktop experience, it does not coexist well with the rest of the applications and services that Windows Small Business Server includes. Terminal Services and Windows Small Business Server contend for the same resources and can conflict with one another, degrading the performance of both. Also, Windows Server 2003 and Windows Small Business Server 2003 are more secure by default than previous versions, making coexistence with the domain-controller capacity of Small Business Server unfeasible. For a small organization, it is recommended that one server run Windows Small Business Server and a second server run Terminal Services. To facilitate this and to simplify the licensing requirements for this scenario, Microsoft allows the client-access license (CAL) for Windows Small Business Server to satisfy the CAL requirement for Windows Server on the second server. If you are currently using Microsoft Small Business Server 2000 and have enabled Terminal Server in Application Server mode, use the following list to determine the Windows Small Business Server 2003 solution that is appropriate for you: •
If you currently use Terminal Server to allow mobile users to access the network and the user desktops, in Windows Small Business Server 2003 you can use Remote Web Workplace to provide this functionality. For more information about Remote Web Workplace, see the “Feature Guide for Windows Small Business Server 2003” at the Microsoft Web site (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=31801).
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If you currently use Terminal Server to host user desktops or line-of-business applications, in Windows Small Business Server 2003 you can add an additional server to your network. On the additional server, install either Microsoft Windows 2000 Server or Windows Server 2003, and enable Terminal Server. If you install Windows 2000 Server, see “Deploying Windows 2000 Server Terminal Server to Host User Desktops in a Windows Small Business Server 2003 Environment” at the Microsoft Web site (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=33958).
Figure 1 illustrates your options if you are currently running Small Business Server 2000 with Terminal Server in Application Server mode enabled.
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Figure 1 Options for Small Business Server 2000 with Terminal Server in Application Server mode enabled
Upgrading from Small Business Server 2000 with Terminal Services Enabled If you are currently hosting line-of-business applications by running Small Business Server 2000 with Terminal Services enabled and you are planning to upgrade to Windows Small Business Server 2003 with an additional server configured as a terminal server, then you must consider the following licensing issues: •
If the terminal server runs Windows Server 2003, then you must have a Terminal Server Client Access License (TS CAL) for each device or user using the Terminal Server functionality.
•
If the terminal server runs Windows 2000 Server and the client device runs Windows 2000, Windows XP Professional, or Windows Server 2003, then you do not need a TS CAL. For example, a device running Windows 2000 Professional can access a terminal server running Windows 2000 Server without an associated TS CAL.
Use the following steps to prepare your server running Small Business Server 2000: 1. Upgrade your server with Service Pack 1 for Small Business Server 2000.
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2. Remove the Terminal Services role from the server using the following procedure.
To remove the Terminal Services role 1. Click Start, click Settings, and then click Control Panel. 2. Double-click Add/Remove Programs. 3. Click Add/Remove Windows Components to open the Windows Components Wizard. 4. Clear the Terminal Services check box, and then click Next to complete the wizard.
Note Do not clear the Terminal Services Licensing check box.
5. Uninstall your line-of-business applications from the server. You will need to reinstall them on the additional server.
Overview of Planning and Deploying Terminal Server in a Windows Small Business Server Environment Use the following steps to plan for and deploy Terminal Server for hosting desktops in your small business.
Note If you are deploying Terminal Server to host line-of-business applications, you need to be sure your application is compatible with Terminal Server. For more information about hosting line-of-business applications with Terminal Server, click Start, click Help and Support, and then search for “Program considerations”. In addition, see “Hosting Applications with Terminal Server” at the Microsoft TechNet Web site (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=19636).
1. Plan server and network resources. 2. Choose the licensing mode. 3. Configure the Terminal Server role. 4. Create an administrator account. 5. Create a computer account and connect to the network.
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6. Configure Terminal Server licensing. 7. Redirect My Documents folders. 8. Install client applications. 9. Configure client computers.
Step 1: Plan Server and Network Resources For optimal performance and user experience, ensure that your server and network hardware are sufficiently upgraded and configured. The primary tasks involved in planning server and network resources are: 1. Plan the capacity of your additional server. 2. Plan network connectivity. 3. Plan for printers.
Planning the Capacity of your Additional Server Terminal Server capacity can vary depending on factors such as type of user, server and network configuration, and the applications you are hosting. For adequate performance, a terminal server requires a minimum of 128 megabytes (MB) RAM, plus additional RAM for each user running applications on the server, depending on the type of user. A multiple-processor configuration can maximize CPU availability. In general, processor and memory requirements scale linearly. You can support nearly double the number of users on a multiprocessor-capable Pentium system by doubling the number of processors and doubling the amount of memory. For this reason, purchasing a system that supports multiple processors, even if you initially purchase only one processor, allows you to add capacity easily as your requirements grow. Use the following guidelines to determine the capacity needs for your server: •
User demand. The amount of RAM and CPU that Terminal Server users consume depends on the application features that they use, how often they use the application, and how much work they accomplish in any unit of time.
•
Application considerations. Check system requirements for each application you plan to install on your server carefully and consider that RAM and CPU requirements increase according to the number of user sessions expected to run simultaneously. Because a terminal server shares executable resources among individual users, the memory requirements for additional users running the same program are typically less than the requirements for the first user who loads the application.
•
Terminal Server licensing considerations. Terminal Services Licensing takes about a megabyte (MB) of disk space to install.
Monitor the server load after deployment to be sure your servers have adequate capacity.
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Planning Network Connectivity Terminal Server works very well over low-bandwidth connections and uses whatever IP connection you provide. However, you can optimize both application and overall network performance by making sure the type of connection is appropriate for the work that is done. For example, a single user can connect over a low-bandwidth modem line and have good performance, but it is not appropriate to share a 28.8-kilobit line among an active office of 100 people.
Note Printing, sound, drive redirection, and user file transfer requirements can increase bandwidth requirements and might cause performance to drop below a level that is considered acceptable performance for users.
Planning for Printers When the user logs on to the terminal server, the server detects the client’s local printer and installs the appropriate printer driver on the remote computer. If multiple printers are connected to the client computer, Terminal Services defaults to routing all print jobs to the client computer’s default printer. Only printers whose drivers are available on the Windows client computer appear as available in a Remote Desktop session for local redirected printers (server-side printers are always available). If the driver for your printer is not included with the client operating system, you must manually install it on the server.
Step 2: Choose the Licensing Mode To use Terminal Server in your organization, you are required to have a Windows Server 2003 license for every terminal server that you deploy in your organization as well as Terminal Server Client Access Licenses (CALs) for devices that access the terminal servers. For terminal servers that are running Windows Server 2003, there are two types of Terminal Server CALs: •
Per Device
•
Per User
Which CAL you choose depends on how you plan to use Terminal Server. By default, Terminal Server is configured in Per Device mode, but it can be switched to Per User mode using the Terminal Services Configuration tool (TSCC.msc). You can serve both license types from the same license server. For more information about how to set your licensing mode, see "Hosting Applications with Terminal Server" at the Microsoft TechNet Web site (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=19636). A Terminal Server license server on your network manages the Terminal Services CALs. A license server stores all Terminal Server CAL tokens that have been installed for a terminal server and tracks the license tokens that have been issued to clients. For more information about
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Terminal Server licensing, click Start, click Help and Support, and then search for "Terminal Server Licensing overview."
Note Each service or application that users access from the terminal server must be licensed appropriately. Typically each device requires application licenses and CALs associated with it, even if the application or service is accessed indirectly through the terminal server. For more information, check the product documentation, End-User License Agreement (EULA), or any other document that specifies product usage rights.
Per Device Licensing Mode A Per Device CAL provides each client computer the right to access a terminal server that is running Windows Server 2003. The Per Device CAL is stored locally and presented to the terminal server each time the client computer connects to the server. Per Device licensing is a good choice for: •
Hosting a user’s primary desktop for devices the customer owns or controls.
•
Thin clients or computers that connect to a terminal server for a large percentage of the working day.
This type of licensing is a poor choice if you do not control the device accessing the server, for example, computers in an Internet café, or if you have a business partner who connects to your terminal server from outside your network.
Per User Licensing Mode In Per User licensing mode you must have one license for every user. With Per User licensing, one user can access a terminal server from an unlimited number of devices and only needs one CAL rather than a CAL for each device. Per User licensing is a good choice in the following situations: •
Providing access for roaming users.
•
Providing access for users who use more than one computer, for example, a portable and a desktop computer.
•
Providing ease of management for organizations that track access to the network by user, rather than by computer.
In general, if your organization has more computers than users, Per User licensing might be a cost-effective way to deploy Terminal Server because you only pay for the user to access Terminal Server, rather than paying for every device from which the user accesses Terminal Server. Check the EULA for the applications that you plan to host to determine if they support per user licensing.
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Step 3: Configure the Terminal Server Role On the server running Windows Server 2003 that you plan to use as an additional server, configure the Terminal Server role. For more information about Terminal Server, on the server running Windows Server 2003, click Start, click Help and Support, and see the Terminal Services topics under Software Deployment.
Important Because Terminal Services supports multiple users, it is strongly recommended that you use the Windows Server 2003 version of the NTFS file system as the only file system on the server, rather than file allocation table (FAT). FAT does not offer any user or directory security, whereas with NTFS you can limit subdirectories to certain users or groups of users. This is important in a multi-user system such as Terminal Services. Without the security that NTFS provides, any user has access to every directory and file on the terminal server. For more information about file systems, see “Designing and Deploying File Servers” at the Microsoft TechNet Web site (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=19637).
To install Terminal Server 1. Log on to the additional server using the local administrator account. 2. Verify that the Windows Time service is configured and running, and that the time is correct. 3. Click Start, click Manage Your Server, and then click Add or remove a role. The Configure Your Server Wizard starts. 4. Click OK on the Preliminary Steps page. 5. On the Server Role page, select the Terminal server check box, and then click Next.
Note If a page appears that recommends a configuration for a first server on the domain, click Custom Configuration to configure the server with the Terminal Server role.
6. Click Next on the Summary of Selections page to begin the configuration. Your computer will restart as part of the configuration.
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Step 4: Create an Administrator Account Next, create a domain administrator account in order to manage your additional server.
Important In order to administer the additional server, you must log on using a domain administrator account that was created with the Add User Wizard. A domain administrator account that was created using any other method does not work for administering an additional computer on a Windows Small Business Server network. If you have already created a domain administrator account using the Add User Wizard, you can skip this step.
To create an administrator account for the additional server 1. Log on to the computer running Windows Small Business Server 2003 using the local administrator account. 2. Click Start, and then click Server Management. 3. In the console tree, click Users. 4. In the details pane, click Add a User. 5. The Add User Wizard starts. •
On the Template Selection page, in the Templates dialog box, click Administrator Template.
•
On the Set Up Client Computer page, click Do not set up a computer.
•
On the Completing the Add User Wizard page, click Finish.
Step 5: Create a Computer Account and Connect to the Network Next, create an account for your additional server on the Windows Small Business Server network, and then join the server to the network.
To create a computer account 1. Log on to the computer running Windows Small Business Server 2003 using the built-in Administrator account.
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2. Click Start, and then click Server Management. 3. In the console tree, click Server Computers. 4. In the details pane, click Set Up Server Computers. The Set Up Server Wizard starts. 5. Follow the instructions in the wizard for creating a server computer.
To connect the terminal server to the network 1. On the new server, log on using the built-in Administrator account. 2. In Internet Explorer, go to http://ServerName/connectcomputer, and then click Connect to the network now.
Note Internet Explorer is unrestricted by default for Terminal Server. However, if you are unable to get to the site or an Internet Explorer message appears indicating that the Enhanced Security Configuration is enabled, in Internet Explorer, on the Tools menu, click Internet Options. On the Security tab, click Trusted sites, and then click Sites. In the Trusted Sites dialog box, add http:// ServerName to the list of trusted sites. Ensure that the Require server verification (https:) for all sites in this zone check box is clear.
3. Follow the instructions in the wizard to connect this computer to the network. Use the administrator user name and password that you created when you ran the Add User Wizard.
Step 6: Configure Terminal Server Licensing After you have joined the additional server to the network, configure the server with Terminal Server licensing. For information about adding an additional server, click Start, click Help and Support, and then search for "Terminal Server Licensing."
Note If you are upgrading from Small Business Server 2000 with Terminal Services enabled, keep terminal services licensing on the computer running Windows Small Business Server 2003.
To configure Terminal Server Licensing 1. Click Start, click Control Panel, and then click Add or Remove Programs. 2. Click Add/Remove Windows Components. 3. In the Components dialog box, click Terminal Server Licensing, and then click Next.
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4. On the Terminal Server Licensing Setup page, click Next to accept the default on that page.
Important You might be asked for the Windows Server 2003 product CD at this step. Files from the CD might be needed to install Terminal Server Licensing.
5. Provide the file system location where the license server database should be installed on the Terminal Server license server, click Next, and then click Finish. The default location for the license server database is systemroot\System32\LServer.
Activating the License Server After a Terminal Server license server is activated, it becomes the repository for Terminal Server client licenses. A Terminal Server license server can issue temporary licenses for clients that allow use of terminal servers for up to 120 days from the date of the first client logon. After this evaluation period ends, a terminal server can no longer allow clients to connect unless it locates a Terminal Server license server to issue client licenses. Licensing wizard properties, such as activation method and company information, set during the activation process, can be changed later.
To activate the license server 1. Click Start, click Control Panel, click Administrative Tools, and then click Terminal Server Licensing. 2. In the console tree, right-click the Terminal Server license server you want to activate, and then click Activate Server to start the Terminal Server License Server Activation Wizard. 3. In Activation method, select Automatic connection (recommended), and then click Next. Follow the instructions in the wizard.
Adding Client Licenses to the License Server You must purchase a client access license for each client computer that connects to the terminal server and install them on the license server for users to be able to use the terminal server. For more information about Terminal Server licensing, click Start, click Help and Support, and then search for "Terminal Server Licensing."
Note By default Terminal Server licensing is set to Per Device mode. To change to Per User mode, click Start, click Control Panel, and then click Administrative Tools, and then click Terminal Services Configuration. In the console tree, click Server Settings. In the details pane, double-click Licensing. In the Licensing Mode dialog box, click Per User from the drop-down list box, and then click OK.
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To install client license key packs 1. On the terminal server, click Start, click Control Panel, click Administrative Tools, and then click Terminal Server Licensing. 2. Verify that the installation method for the Terminal Server license server is set to Automatic by right-clicking the Terminal Server license server for which you want to install key packs, and then clicking Properties. On the Installation Method tab, change the installation method if necessary. 3. In the console tree, right-click the Terminal Server license server for which you want to install key packs, click Install Licenses to start the Terminal Server CAL Installation Wizard, and then click Next. The previous steps are not necessary if the Terminal Server CAL Installation Wizard is already started. 4. In Program and Client License Information, provide the required information for your licensing program to receive your key packs, and then click Next. The Microsoft Clearinghouse processes your request, and installs the encrypted client license key pack on your Terminal Server license server. 5. Click Finish to complete the process. The Terminal Server license server can now issue licenses to clients that connect to a Terminal server.
Step 7: Redirect My Documents Folders It is recommended that you redirect users’ My Documents folders to the server running Windows Small Business Server 2003 and apply volume quotas to the folders. By default, users’ My Documents folders are saved with the user profiles on the terminal server. If you use My Documents Redirection and the backup feature of Small Business Server 2003, your users’ data will be backed up along with the rest of the server. For information about redirecting users’ My Documents folders from the terminal server to the Windows Small Business Server 2003, click Start, click Help and Support, and then search for "Folder redirection."
Note Enabling My Documents redirection applies to all users in the domain.
To ensure that users’ My Documents folders synchronize with the server, tell the users to log off from their terminal server sessions rather than simply close the session.
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Step 8: Install Client Applications You can use the client applications on the computer running Windows Small Business Server 2003 and install them on the terminal server. You can also install other client applications on the terminal server. For more information about installing and running applications with Terminal Server, click Start, click Help and Support, and the search for "Terminal Server." For more information about installing Microsoft Office 2003 in a Terminal Server environment, see the whitepaper "Deploying Office 2003 in a Windows Terminal Services Environment" at the Microsoft Web site (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=24921).
Installing Outlook You can install Microsoft® Office Outlook® 2003 on the terminal server from the server running Small Business Server 2003.
To install Outlook Note Before beginning this procedure, ensure that the Applauncher.exe has completed running. To check the status of Applauncher.exe, press CTRL+ALT+DELETE, and then click Task Manager. On the Processes tab, ensure that Applauncher.exe does not appear.
1. On the additional server, log on using the domain administrator account. 2. Click Start, click Run, and then type \\ServerName. 3. Double-click ClientApps, and then double-click outlook2003. 4. Double-click Setup.exe, and then follow the Setup instructions. 5. To close Outlook Setup after installation, click Next, and then click Finish. Ensure that you close the wizard that launches along with Setup.
Note You do not need to configure Outlook for each Terminal Server user. When the user logs on for the first time, Client Setup automatically configures Outlook. For Terminal Server users, Cached Exchange Mode is not available.
Installing Internet Explorer You do not need to install Internet Explorer on the terminal server; the correct version of Internet Explorer is included with Windows Server 2003. The Favorites menu and connection settings are configured by Client Setup. Some links on the Favorites menu point to items that require the installation of Microsoft ActiveX® controls or certificates. To prepare Internet Explorer for these links, use the following procedure.
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Configuring Fax for Terminal Server Users You can configure the server running Windows Small Business Server 2003 as the fax server for Terminal Server users by installing the Fax Service on the server running Windows Small Business Server 2003. For more information about hosting Fax Services on the additional server, click Start, click Help and Support, and then search for "Using Fax." To configure Fax Services for Terminal Server users, you need to configure the terminal server and each client computer that will use the service. Use the following procedure to configure the terminal server for using fax. When you are configuring the client computers to use the Terminal Server, you will also need to configure the client computers to use fax.
To configure the terminal server for fax 1. From the terminal server, click Start, click Control Panel, and then click Add or Remove Programs. 2. Click Add/Remove Windows Components. 3. Select the Fax Services check box, and then click Next. 4. Click Do not share this printer, and then click Next.
Note You may be prompted for your Windows Server 2003 operating system disc.
5. Click Finish.
Step 9: Configure Client Computers To configure the client computers to access the terminal server, you must install the Remote Desktop Connection on each client computer. After you have installed the Remote Desktop Connection, you can configure the client computers for Fax Services.
To install Remote Desktop Connection on client computers Note The Remote Desktop Connection tool is installed by default when you install Windows Server 2003, Windows XP, and most versions of Windows CE. On earlier versions of Windows and Pocket PC, you have to manually install Remote Desktop.
1. From the client computer, click Start, click Run, and then type: \\ServerName\clientapps
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2. Click tsclient. 3. Double-click the Win32 folder, and then double-click Setup.exe. 4. Complete the Remote Desktop Connection - InstallSheild Wizard.
To configure client computers to use Fax Services Note When the user logs on to the terminal server, the server detects the client’s local printer and installs the appropriate printer driver on the remote computer.
1. From each client computer, click Start, click Programs, click Accessories, click Communications, click Remote Desktop Connection, and then log on to the terminal server using the Remote Desktop Connection. 2. Click Start, click Printers and Faxes, and then double-click Add a printer. The Add Printer wizard starts. 3. Click Next. 4. Click A network printer, or a printer attached to another computer, and then click Next. 5. Click Find a printer in the directory, and then click Next . 6. In the Find Printers dialog box, click Find Now. In the search results list, a printer named Fax should appear. Select the printer named Fax, and then click OK.
Note You may be prompted for your client operating system media.
7. Click No when asked if you want to set this printer as the default printer, and then click Finish.
Related Links See the following resources for further information: •
For information about Terminal Services, see "Terminal Services" at the Microsoft Web site (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=14341).
•
For more information about deploying Terminal Server, see "Hosting Applications with Terminal Server" at the Microsoft TechNet Web site (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=19636).
For the latest information about Windows Small Business Server 2003, see the Windows Small Business Server Web site at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=16918.
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Abstract By adding an additional server to your Microsoft® Windows® Small Business Server 2003 network, you can enable Terminal Server. Using Terminal Server, you can host your users’ desktops. This can save your organization money by allowing you to extend the life of your desktop hardware. For the most up-to-date product documentation, see the Microsoft Web site at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=33326.
Objective The information contained in this document represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation on the issues discussed as of the date of publication. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information presented after the date of publication. This White Paper is for informational purposes only. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT. Complying with all applicable copyright laws is the responsibility of the user. Without limiting the rights under copyright, no part of this document may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), or for any purpose, without the express written permission of Microsoft Corporation. Microsoft may have patents, patent applications, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property rights covering subject matter in this document. Except as expressly provided in any written license agreement from Microsoft, the furnishing of this document does not give you any license to these patents, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property. Unless otherwise noted, the example companies, organizations, products, domain names, e-mail addresses, logos, people, places, and events depicted herein are fictitious, and no association with any real company, organization, product, domain name, e-mail address, logo, person, place, or event is intended or should be inferred.
2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, ActiveX, Outlook, Win32, Windows, and Windows Server are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the U.S.A. and/or other countries. The names of actual companies and products mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.
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Contents Objective..................................................................................... ...........4 Upgrading from Small Business Server 2000 with Terminal Services Enabled .......................................................................................................... .....6 Overview of Planning and Deploying Terminal Server in a Windows Small Business Server Environment........................................................... ......7 Step 1: Plan Server and Network Resources................................... ........8 Step 2: Choose the Licensing Mode................................................... .....9 Step 3: Configure the Terminal Server Role..........................................11 Step 4: Create an Administrator Account.............................................12 Step 5: Create a Computer Account and Connect to the Network........12 Step 6: Configure Terminal Server Licensing........................................13 Step 7: Redirect My Documents Folders............................... ................15 Step 8: Install Client Applications.......................................... ...............16 Step 9: Configure Client Computers................................ .....................17 Related Links............................................................................... .........18
Deploying Windows Server 2003 Terminal Server to Host User Desktops in a Windows Small Business Server 2003 Environment Objective By adding an additional server to your Microsoft® Windows® Small Business Server 2003 network, you can enable Terminal Server. Using Terminal Server, you can host your users’ desktops. This can save your organization money by allowing you to extend the life of your desktop hardware.
Note You can also host line-of-business applications with Terminal Server for central administration of the application and data. For more information about hosting line-of-business applications with Terminal Server, click Start, click Help and Support, and then search for “Program considerations”. In addition, see “Hosting Applications with Terminal Server” at the Microsoft TechNet Web site (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=19636).
After you have installed the Microsoft® Windows® Small Business Server 2003 operating system and have completed the To Do List, you can join an additional server to your network and configure it as a terminal server.
What is Terminal Server? The Terminal Server component of the Microsoft Windows Server™ 2003 operating system can deliver the Windows desktop, in addition to Windows-based applications, from a centralized server to virtually any desktop computing device, including those that cannot run Windows. Terminal Services transmits only the user interface of the program to the client computer. The client computer then returns keyboard and mouse clicks to be processed by the server. Terminal Server uses the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) to communicate between client and server.
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Client computers connecting to the terminal server can run Windows (including the Microsoft™ Windows™ CE operating system) or run on other operating systems such as the Apple Macintosh or even UNIX (using a third-party add-on). Each user sees only their individual session, which is managed transparently by the server operating system and is independent of any other client session.
Terminal Services and Windows Small Business Server You cannot run Terminal Services in Application Mode on a server that is running Windows Small Business Server 2003. Because Terminal Services is optimized for the desktop experience, it does not coexist well with the rest of the applications and services that Windows Small Business Server includes. Terminal Services and Windows Small Business Server contend for the same resources and can conflict with one another, degrading the performance of both. Also, Windows Server 2003 and Windows Small Business Server 2003 are more secure by default than previous versions, making coexistence with the domain-controller capacity of Small Business Server unfeasible. For a small organization, it is recommended that one server run Windows Small Business Server and a second server run Terminal Services. To facilitate this and to simplify the licensing requirements for this scenario, Microsoft allows the client-access license (CAL) for Windows Small Business Server to satisfy the CAL requirement for Windows Server on the second server. If you are currently using Microsoft Small Business Server 2000 and have enabled Terminal Server in Application Server mode, use the following list to determine the Windows Small Business Server 2003 solution that is appropriate for you: •
If you currently use Terminal Server to allow mobile users to access the network and the user desktops, in Windows Small Business Server 2003 you can use Remote Web Workplace to provide this functionality. For more information about Remote Web Workplace, see the “Feature Guide for Windows Small Business Server 2003” at the Microsoft Web site (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=31801).
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If you currently use Terminal Server to host user desktops or line-of-business applications, in Windows Small Business Server 2003 you can add an additional server to your network. On the additional server, install either Microsoft Windows 2000 Server or Windows Server 2003, and enable Terminal Server. If you install Windows 2000 Server, see “Deploying Windows 2000 Server Terminal Server to Host User Desktops in a Windows Small Business Server 2003 Environment” at the Microsoft Web site (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=33958).
Figure 1 illustrates your options if you are currently running Small Business Server 2000 with Terminal Server in Application Server mode enabled.
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Figure 1 Options for Small Business Server 2000 with Terminal Server in Application Server mode enabled
Upgrading from Small Business Server 2000 with Terminal Services Enabled If you are currently hosting line-of-business applications by running Small Business Server 2000 with Terminal Services enabled and you are planning to upgrade to Windows Small Business Server 2003 with an additional server configured as a terminal server, then you must consider the following licensing issues: •
If the terminal server runs Windows Server 2003, then you must have a Terminal Server Client Access License (TS CAL) for each device or user using the Terminal Server functionality.
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If the terminal server runs Windows 2000 Server and the client device runs Windows 2000, Windows XP Professional, or Windows Server 2003, then you do not need a TS CAL. For example, a device running Windows 2000 Professional can access a terminal server running Windows 2000 Server without an associated TS CAL.
Use the following steps to prepare your server running Small Business Server 2000: 1. Upgrade your server with Service Pack 1 for Small Business Server 2000.
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2. Remove the Terminal Services role from the server using the following procedure.
To remove the Terminal Services role 1. Click Start, click Settings, and then click Control Panel. 2. Double-click Add/Remove Programs. 3. Click Add/Remove Windows Components to open the Windows Components Wizard. 4. Clear the Terminal Services check box, and then click Next to complete the wizard.
Note Do not clear the Terminal Services Licensing check box.
5. Uninstall your line-of-business applications from the server. You will need to reinstall them on the additional server.
Overview of Planning and Deploying Terminal Server in a Windows Small Business Server Environment Use the following steps to plan for and deploy Terminal Server for hosting desktops in your small business.
Note If you are deploying Terminal Server to host line-of-business applications, you need to be sure your application is compatible with Terminal Server. For more information about hosting line-of-business applications with Terminal Server, click Start, click Help and Support, and then search for “Program considerations”. In addition, see “Hosting Applications with Terminal Server” at the Microsoft TechNet Web site (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=19636).
1. Plan server and network resources. 2. Choose the licensing mode. 3. Configure the Terminal Server role. 4. Create an administrator account. 5. Create a computer account and connect to the network.
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6. Configure Terminal Server licensing. 7. Redirect My Documents folders. 8. Install client applications. 9. Configure client computers.
Step 1: Plan Server and Network Resources For optimal performance and user experience, ensure that your server and network hardware are sufficiently upgraded and configured. The primary tasks involved in planning server and network resources are: 1. Plan the capacity of your additional server. 2. Plan network connectivity. 3. Plan for printers.
Planning the Capacity of your Additional Server Terminal Server capacity can vary depending on factors such as type of user, server and network configuration, and the applications you are hosting. For adequate performance, a terminal server requires a minimum of 128 megabytes (MB) RAM, plus additional RAM for each user running applications on the server, depending on the type of user. A multiple-processor configuration can maximize CPU availability. In general, processor and memory requirements scale linearly. You can support nearly double the number of users on a multiprocessor-capable Pentium system by doubling the number of processors and doubling the amount of memory. For this reason, purchasing a system that supports multiple processors, even if you initially purchase only one processor, allows you to add capacity easily as your requirements grow. Use the following guidelines to determine the capacity needs for your server: •
User demand. The amount of RAM and CPU that Terminal Server users consume depends on the application features that they use, how often they use the application, and how much work they accomplish in any unit of time.
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Application considerations. Check system requirements for each application you plan to install on your server carefully and consider that RAM and CPU requirements increase according to the number of user sessions expected to run simultaneously. Because a terminal server shares executable resources among individual users, the memory requirements for additional users running the same program are typically less than the requirements for the first user who loads the application.
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Terminal Server licensing considerations. Terminal Services Licensing takes about a megabyte (MB) of disk space to install.
Monitor the server load after deployment to be sure your servers have adequate capacity.
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Planning Network Connectivity Terminal Server works very well over low-bandwidth connections and uses whatever IP connection you provide. However, you can optimize both application and overall network performance by making sure the type of connection is appropriate for the work that is done. For example, a single user can connect over a low-bandwidth modem line and have good performance, but it is not appropriate to share a 28.8-kilobit line among an active office of 100 people.
Note Printing, sound, drive redirection, and user file transfer requirements can increase bandwidth requirements and might cause performance to drop below a level that is considered acceptable performance for users.
Planning for Printers When the user logs on to the terminal server, the server detects the client’s local printer and installs the appropriate printer driver on the remote computer. If multiple printers are connected to the client computer, Terminal Services defaults to routing all print jobs to the client computer’s default printer. Only printers whose drivers are available on the Windows client computer appear as available in a Remote Desktop session for local redirected printers (server-side printers are always available). If the driver for your printer is not included with the client operating system, you must manually install it on the server.
Step 2: Choose the Licensing Mode To use Terminal Server in your organization, you are required to have a Windows Server 2003 license for every terminal server that you deploy in your organization as well as Terminal Server Client Access Licenses (CALs) for devices that access the terminal servers. For terminal servers that are running Windows Server 2003, there are two types of Terminal Server CALs: •
Per Device
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Per User
Which CAL you choose depends on how you plan to use Terminal Server. By default, Terminal Server is configured in Per Device mode, but it can be switched to Per User mode using the Terminal Services Configuration tool (TSCC.msc). You can serve both license types from the same license server. For more information about how to set your licensing mode, see "Hosting Applications with Terminal Server" at the Microsoft TechNet Web site (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=19636). A Terminal Server license server on your network manages the Terminal Services CALs. A license server stores all Terminal Server CAL tokens that have been installed for a terminal server and tracks the license tokens that have been issued to clients. For more information about
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Terminal Server licensing, click Start, click Help and Support, and then search for "Terminal Server Licensing overview."
Note Each service or application that users access from the terminal server must be licensed appropriately. Typically each device requires application licenses and CALs associated with it, even if the application or service is accessed indirectly through the terminal server. For more information, check the product documentation, End-User License Agreement (EULA), or any other document that specifies product usage rights.
Per Device Licensing Mode A Per Device CAL provides each client computer the right to access a terminal server that is running Windows Server 2003. The Per Device CAL is stored locally and presented to the terminal server each time the client computer connects to the server. Per Device licensing is a good choice for: •
Hosting a user’s primary desktop for devices the customer owns or controls.
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Thin clients or computers that connect to a terminal server for a large percentage of the working day.
This type of licensing is a poor choice if you do not control the device accessing the server, for example, computers in an Internet café, or if you have a business partner who connects to your terminal server from outside your network.
Per User Licensing Mode In Per User licensing mode you must have one license for every user. With Per User licensing, one user can access a terminal server from an unlimited number of devices and only needs one CAL rather than a CAL for each device. Per User licensing is a good choice in the following situations: •
Providing access for roaming users.
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Providing access for users who use more than one computer, for example, a portable and a desktop computer.
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Providing ease of management for organizations that track access to the network by user, rather than by computer.
In general, if your organization has more computers than users, Per User licensing might be a cost-effective way to deploy Terminal Server because you only pay for the user to access Terminal Server, rather than paying for every device from which the user accesses Terminal Server. Check the EULA for the applications that you plan to host to determine if they support per user licensing.
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Step 3: Configure the Terminal Server Role On the server running Windows Server 2003 that you plan to use as an additional server, configure the Terminal Server role. For more information about Terminal Server, on the server running Windows Server 2003, click Start, click Help and Support, and see the Terminal Services topics under Software Deployment.
Important Because Terminal Services supports multiple users, it is strongly recommended that you use the Windows Server 2003 version of the NTFS file system as the only file system on the server, rather than file allocation table (FAT). FAT does not offer any user or directory security, whereas with NTFS you can limit subdirectories to certain users or groups of users. This is important in a multi-user system such as Terminal Services. Without the security that NTFS provides, any user has access to every directory and file on the terminal server. For more information about file systems, see “Designing and Deploying File Servers” at the Microsoft TechNet Web site (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=19637).
To install Terminal Server 1. Log on to the additional server using the local administrator account. 2. Verify that the Windows Time service is configured and running, and that the time is correct. 3. Click Start, click Manage Your Server, and then click Add or remove a role. The Configure Your Server Wizard starts. 4. Click OK on the Preliminary Steps page. 5. On the Server Role page, select the Terminal server check box, and then click Next.
Note If a page appears that recommends a configuration for a first server on the domain, click Custom Configuration to configure the server with the Terminal Server role.
6. Click Next on the Summary of Selections page to begin the configuration. Your computer will restart as part of the configuration.
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Step 4: Create an Administrator Account Next, create a domain administrator account in order to manage your additional server.
Important In order to administer the additional server, you must log on using a domain administrator account that was created with the Add User Wizard. A domain administrator account that was created using any other method does not work for administering an additional computer on a Windows Small Business Server network. If you have already created a domain administrator account using the Add User Wizard, you can skip this step.
To create an administrator account for the additional server 1. Log on to the computer running Windows Small Business Server 2003 using the local administrator account. 2. Click Start, and then click Server Management. 3. In the console tree, click Users. 4. In the details pane, click Add a User. 5. The Add User Wizard starts. •
On the Template Selection page, in the Templates dialog box, click Administrator Template.
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On the Set Up Client Computer page, click Do not set up a computer.
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On the Completing the Add User Wizard page, click Finish.
Step 5: Create a Computer Account and Connect to the Network Next, create an account for your additional server on the Windows Small Business Server network, and then join the server to the network.
To create a computer account 1. Log on to the computer running Windows Small Business Server 2003 using the built-in Administrator account.
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2. Click Start, and then click Server Management. 3. In the console tree, click Server Computers. 4. In the details pane, click Set Up Server Computers. The Set Up Server Wizard starts. 5. Follow the instructions in the wizard for creating a server computer.
To connect the terminal server to the network 1. On the new server, log on using the built-in Administrator account. 2. In Internet Explorer, go to http://ServerName/connectcomputer, and then click Connect to the network now.
Note Internet Explorer is unrestricted by default for Terminal Server. However, if you are unable to get to the site or an Internet Explorer message appears indicating that the Enhanced Security Configuration is enabled, in Internet Explorer, on the Tools menu, click Internet Options. On the Security tab, click Trusted sites, and then click Sites. In the Trusted Sites dialog box, add http:// ServerName to the list of trusted sites. Ensure that the Require server verification (https:) for all sites in this zone check box is clear.
3. Follow the instructions in the wizard to connect this computer to the network. Use the administrator user name and password that you created when you ran the Add User Wizard.
Step 6: Configure Terminal Server Licensing After you have joined the additional server to the network, configure the server with Terminal Server licensing. For information about adding an additional server, click Start, click Help and Support, and then search for "Terminal Server Licensing."
Note If you are upgrading from Small Business Server 2000 with Terminal Services enabled, keep terminal services licensing on the computer running Windows Small Business Server 2003.
To configure Terminal Server Licensing 1. Click Start, click Control Panel, and then click Add or Remove Programs. 2. Click Add/Remove Windows Components. 3. In the Components dialog box, click Terminal Server Licensing, and then click Next.
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4. On the Terminal Server Licensing Setup page, click Next to accept the default on that page.
Important You might be asked for the Windows Server 2003 product CD at this step. Files from the CD might be needed to install Terminal Server Licensing.
5. Provide the file system location where the license server database should be installed on the Terminal Server license server, click Next, and then click Finish. The default location for the license server database is systemroot\System32\LServer.
Activating the License Server After a Terminal Server license server is activated, it becomes the repository for Terminal Server client licenses. A Terminal Server license server can issue temporary licenses for clients that allow use of terminal servers for up to 120 days from the date of the first client logon. After this evaluation period ends, a terminal server can no longer allow clients to connect unless it locates a Terminal Server license server to issue client licenses. Licensing wizard properties, such as activation method and company information, set during the activation process, can be changed later.
To activate the license server 1. Click Start, click Control Panel, click Administrative Tools, and then click Terminal Server Licensing. 2. In the console tree, right-click the Terminal Server license server you want to activate, and then click Activate Server to start the Terminal Server License Server Activation Wizard. 3. In Activation method, select Automatic connection (recommended), and then click Next. Follow the instructions in the wizard.
Adding Client Licenses to the License Server You must purchase a client access license for each client computer that connects to the terminal server and install them on the license server for users to be able to use the terminal server. For more information about Terminal Server licensing, click Start, click Help and Support, and then search for "Terminal Server Licensing."
Note By default Terminal Server licensing is set to Per Device mode. To change to Per User mode, click Start, click Control Panel, and then click Administrative Tools, and then click Terminal Services Configuration. In the console tree, click Server Settings. In the details pane, double-click Licensing. In the Licensing Mode dialog box, click Per User from the drop-down list box, and then click OK.
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To install client license key packs 1. On the terminal server, click Start, click Control Panel, click Administrative Tools, and then click Terminal Server Licensing. 2. Verify that the installation method for the Terminal Server license server is set to Automatic by right-clicking the Terminal Server license server for which you want to install key packs, and then clicking Properties. On the Installation Method tab, change the installation method if necessary. 3. In the console tree, right-click the Terminal Server license server for which you want to install key packs, click Install Licenses to start the Terminal Server CAL Installation Wizard, and then click Next. The previous steps are not necessary if the Terminal Server CAL Installation Wizard is already started. 4. In Program and Client License Information, provide the required information for your licensing program to receive your key packs, and then click Next. The Microsoft Clearinghouse processes your request, and installs the encrypted client license key pack on your Terminal Server license server. 5. Click Finish to complete the process. The Terminal Server license server can now issue licenses to clients that connect to a Terminal server.
Step 7: Redirect My Documents Folders It is recommended that you redirect users’ My Documents folders to the server running Windows Small Business Server 2003 and apply volume quotas to the folders. By default, users’ My Documents folders are saved with the user profiles on the terminal server. If you use My Documents Redirection and the backup feature of Small Business Server 2003, your users’ data will be backed up along with the rest of the server. For information about redirecting users’ My Documents folders from the terminal server to the Windows Small Business Server 2003, click Start, click Help and Support, and then search for "Folder redirection."
Note Enabling My Documents redirection applies to all users in the domain.
To ensure that users’ My Documents folders synchronize with the server, tell the users to log off from their terminal server sessions rather than simply close the session.
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Step 8: Install Client Applications You can use the client applications on the computer running Windows Small Business Server 2003 and install them on the terminal server. You can also install other client applications on the terminal server. For more information about installing and running applications with Terminal Server, click Start, click Help and Support, and the search for "Terminal Server." For more information about installing Microsoft Office 2003 in a Terminal Server environment, see the whitepaper "Deploying Office 2003 in a Windows Terminal Services Environment" at the Microsoft Web site (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=24921).
Installing Outlook You can install Microsoft® Office Outlook® 2003 on the terminal server from the server running Small Business Server 2003.
To install Outlook Note Before beginning this procedure, ensure that the Applauncher.exe has completed running. To check the status of Applauncher.exe, press CTRL+ALT+DELETE, and then click Task Manager. On the Processes tab, ensure that Applauncher.exe does not appear.
1. On the additional server, log on using the domain administrator account. 2. Click Start, click Run, and then type \\ServerName. 3. Double-click ClientApps, and then double-click outlook2003. 4. Double-click Setup.exe, and then follow the Setup instructions. 5. To close Outlook Setup after installation, click Next, and then click Finish. Ensure that you close the wizard that launches along with Setup.
Note You do not need to configure Outlook for each Terminal Server user. When the user logs on for the first time, Client Setup automatically configures Outlook. For Terminal Server users, Cached Exchange Mode is not available.
Installing Internet Explorer You do not need to install Internet Explorer on the terminal server; the correct version of Internet Explorer is included with Windows Server 2003. The Favorites menu and connection settings are configured by Client Setup. Some links on the Favorites menu point to items that require the installation of Microsoft ActiveX® controls or certificates. To prepare Internet Explorer for these links, use the following procedure.
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Configuring Fax for Terminal Server Users You can configure the server running Windows Small Business Server 2003 as the fax server for Terminal Server users by installing the Fax Service on the server running Windows Small Business Server 2003. For more information about hosting Fax Services on the additional server, click Start, click Help and Support, and then search for "Using Fax." To configure Fax Services for Terminal Server users, you need to configure the terminal server and each client computer that will use the service. Use the following procedure to configure the terminal server for using fax. When you are configuring the client computers to use the Terminal Server, you will also need to configure the client computers to use fax.
To configure the terminal server for fax 1. From the terminal server, click Start, click Control Panel, and then click Add or Remove Programs. 2. Click Add/Remove Windows Components. 3. Select the Fax Services check box, and then click Next. 4. Click Do not share this printer, and then click Next.
Note You may be prompted for your Windows Server 2003 operating system disc.
5. Click Finish.
Step 9: Configure Client Computers To configure the client computers to access the terminal server, you must install the Remote Desktop Connection on each client computer. After you have installed the Remote Desktop Connection, you can configure the client computers for Fax Services.
To install Remote Desktop Connection on client computers Note The Remote Desktop Connection tool is installed by default when you install Windows Server 2003, Windows XP, and most versions of Windows CE. On earlier versions of Windows and Pocket PC, you have to manually install Remote Desktop.
1. From the client computer, click Start, click Run, and then type: \\ServerName\clientapps
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2. Click tsclient. 3. Double-click the Win32 folder, and then double-click Setup.exe. 4. Complete the Remote Desktop Connection - InstallSheild Wizard.
To configure client computers to use Fax Services Note When the user logs on to the terminal server, the server detects the client’s local printer and installs the appropriate printer driver on the remote computer.
1. From each client computer, click Start, click Programs, click Accessories, click Communications, click Remote Desktop Connection, and then log on to the terminal server using the Remote Desktop Connection. 2. Click Start, click Printers and Faxes, and then double-click Add a printer. The Add Printer wizard starts. 3. Click Next. 4. Click A network printer, or a printer attached to another computer, and then click Next. 5. Click Find a printer in the directory, and then click Next . 6. In the Find Printers dialog box, click Find Now. In the search results list, a printer named Fax should appear. Select the printer named Fax, and then click OK.
Note You may be prompted for your client operating system media.
7. Click No when asked if you want to set this printer as the default printer, and then click Finish.
Related Links See the following resources for further information: •
For information about Terminal Services, see "Terminal Services" at the Microsoft Web site (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=14341).
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For more information about deploying Terminal Server, see "Hosting Applications with Terminal Server" at the Microsoft TechNet Web site (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=19636).
For the latest information about Windows Small Business Server 2003, see the Windows Small Business Server Web site at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=16918.
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