Sanskrit Lessons From Chitrapur Math Level

May 2020
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sanskrit lesson 1. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 2. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 2. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 3. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 3. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 4 www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 5. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 6. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 6. www.chitrapurmath.net

3/3

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sanskrit lesson 7 www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 7A www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 7A www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 9A www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit summing up month 1. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 9C www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 9D www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 9E www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 10. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 10. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 10. www.chitrapurmath.net

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7KHWKLHIJRHVWRDKRXVH +HVHHVZHDOWK sanskrit lesson 10 A www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 10 A www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 10 B. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 11. www.chitrapurmath.net

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j§ààd|àÄàdà_.HVKDYDLVDVXSHULQWHQGHQW sanskrit lesson 11 A www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 11 A www.chitrapurmath.net

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1/3

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àààà¶ààààlàoçà_ààà¶àààà¡làoçà_ àà}à¡Ý§àà}àkààà_àà}àÝ§àà}àkààà_ j§àfèàààèà¨àà}à_j§àà¥fèàààèà¨ààà}à_ qàà¡à}ààààà}à¥à}à_qàà¡à}ààààà}àà}à_ à¶àààà~±àd¡làoçàà_à¶àààà¡~±àdààà¡làoçàà_ sanskrit lesson 11B www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 11B www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 12 A www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 12 B www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 13 www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 13 www.chitrapurmath.net

3/3

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sanskrit lesson 13 A www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 13 B www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 13 B www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit summing up month 2. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 14 www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 14 A www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 14 B. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 14 B. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 15 www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 15 A. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 15 B www.chitrapurmath.net

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d¡oàÚàà¥èààà¥d}Ëèàààà_ sanskrit lesson 16 www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 16 www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit buffet lesson 16 A. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit buffet lesson 16 A. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit buffet lesson 16 B www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit banquet lesson 16C www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit banquet lesson 16 D www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 17. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit banquet lesson 17C www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit banquet lesson 17 D www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit summing up month 3. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 18 www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit buffet lesson 18 A www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit buffet lesson 18 C www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 19 www.chitrapurmath.net

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1/2

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sanskrit buffet lesson B. 19, 20-1, 20-2. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 21A. www.chitrapurmath.net

3/4

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sanskrit lesson 21A. www.chitrapurmath.net

4/4

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sanskrit lesson 21 B. www.chitrapurmath.net

2/2

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sanskrit lesson 22 E. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit banquet lesson 23 D. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 23 E. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit summing up month 4. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 24. A www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 25. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 25 A www.chitrapurmath.net

2/2

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sanskrit appetizer lesson 26 A www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit appetizer lesson 26 B. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 27. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 27. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 27 A. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 28 C www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit appetizer lesson 29 A. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 29 C. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 30 www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 30 A. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 30 B. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 30 B. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 30 C www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 31 www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 31 B. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 31 C. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 32 www.chitrapurmath.org

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sanskrit lesson 32 A. www.chitrapurmath.org

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sanskrit lesson 35. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 35. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit summing up month 7 www.chitrapurmath.org

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à±ààààà~à¼à}ààdqààoàdàßÚà}à_ sanskrit lesson 36 B. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 36 B. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 36 C. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 37 www.chitrapurmath.net

3/3

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1/1

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ààÛ~àºoàà¡àà|àj§d»àà}Úà}à¯à¡j§Úà_ sanskrit lesson 37 B. www.chitrapurmath.net

1/1

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sanskrit lesson 37 C. www.chitrapurmath.net

1/2

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sanskrit lesson 37 C. www.chitrapurmath.net

2/2

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sanskrit lesson 38. www.chitrapurmath.net

1/1

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sanskrit lesson 38 A. www.chitrapurmath.net

1/1

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àà~ààààà~ààààè±àààzà¦à¥f¶àà}àà¥dlàoçà¥_ sanskrit lesson 38 B. www.chitrapurmath.net

1/1

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sanskrit lesson 38 C. www.chitrapurmath.net

1/1

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sanskrit lesson 39. www.chitrapurmath.net

1/1

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sanskrit lesson 39 A www.chitrapurmath.net

1/1

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sanskrit lesson 39 B www.chitrapurmath.net

1/1

From our Library. Lesson 39 C. The aping monkeys. Nouns/ Pronouns ¹ªþ£¬°þ¹¨þÇÅú¡þ capseller M ‚£µ¡þ forest N ¹ªþ£¬°þ cap N ¹ªþ£¬þÃ head (¹ªþ£¹¬þ is the locative ¬þœ·þŸþú ...on the head.) N œþþ«þþµþ‰þµÛ stone M „œþþ¡þ plan M

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sanskrit lesson 39 C. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 40 www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 40 B. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 40 B. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit summing up month 8 www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 41 www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 41 A. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 41 B www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 41 C www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 42. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 42. www.chitrapurmath.net

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+©©ÀO©-©Ou©©au©£-©©E+©©ÀO©-©Ou©©a'©©-©©E+©©ÀO©-©Ou©©a sanskrit lesson 45. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 45. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 45 A www.chitrapurmath.net

1/1

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sanskrit lesson 45 B. www.chitrapurmath.net

2/2

Lesson 45 C. The foolish "wise man." Nouns/Pronouns

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Verbs

Avyayas

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Adjectives.

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moment

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sanskrit lesson 45 C. www.chitrapurmath.net

1/2

unrelated

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2/2

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1/1

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sanskrit lesson 46. www.chitrapurmath.net

3/3

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1/1

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sanskrit lesson 47. www.chitrapurmath.net

2/2

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sanskrit lesson 47. www.chitrapurmath.net

3/3

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sanskrit lesson 47 A. www.chitrapurmath.net

1/1

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\©©X©N©©p©©+©®Ed¦F©Ga sanskrit lesson 47 B. www.chitrapurmath.net

1/1

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©©O©F©G" sanskrit lesson 47 B. www.chitrapurmath.net

2/2

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sanskrit lesson 47 B. www.chitrapurmath.net

3/3

Lesson 47 C. The injury marked potter. Here is a story from the Panchatantra. Nouns/Pronouns

kçáÀuççuç potter M

Verbs

Avyayas

Adjective/Participle

DçkçÀmcççlçd suddenly kçÀç³ç&cçivç

Içì pot M

vç: - vçç- vçb

Hççéç& side N

involved in work

KçC[ piece N

çqmLçlç

uçuççì forehead N

lç:- lççö lçb

#çlç wound M

that which is there, present

jkçwlçñççJç flow of

HççÆlçlç

blood M

lçb

lç:- lççö

fell

oáçÆYç&#ç famine N

pççlç

mçccççvç respect M

lçb

lç:- lççö

emerged

DçmçÓ³çç envy F

GHçMççvlç lç:- lççö

Oç=lç cunning man M

lçb healed

JççÆgçlç

lç:- lççö

lçb deceived

uççqppçlç

lç:- lççö

lçb shamed

#çlççÆ®çÚççÆ¹lç: kçáÀuççuç: ~

sanskrit lesson 47 C. www.chitrapurmath.net

1/2

kçÀçqmcççÆ_½çlçd ûççcçí kçÀ½çvç kçáÀuççuç: JçmççÆlç mcç ~ mç: ÒççÆlççÆovçb Içìçvçd kçÀjçíçÆlç ~ kçÀoççÆ®çlçd kçÀç³ç&cçivç: kçáÀuççuç: DçkçÀmcççlçd Hççéçx çqmLçlçm³ç Içìm³ç GHççÆj SJç HççÆlçlç: ~ mç: Içì: Yçivç: DçYçJçlçd ~ Içìm³ç SkçíÀvç KçC[ívç kçáÀuççuçm³ç uçuççìí cçnçvçd #çlç: pççlç: ~ jkçwlçñççJç: DççÆHç pççlç: ~ Dçvçvlçjcçd DççÌ<çOççíHç³ççíiçívç #çlç: GHçMççvlç: pççlç: ~ Hçjvlçá uçuççìí #çlçm³ç çÆ®çÚb lçLçÌJç çqmLçlçcçd ~ kçÀçuççvlçjí lççqmcçvçd oíMçí oáçÆYç&#çcçd Dççiçlçcçd ~ ûççcçmLçç: pçvçç: Dçv³çb oíMçb içlçJçvlç: ~ kçáÀuççuç: DççÆHç ûççcçb HççÆjl³çp³ç Dçv³çb oíMçb içlçJççvçd ~ lç$ç kçÀm³çççÆHç cçnçjçpçm³ç mçíJçkçÀ: DçYçJçlçd ~ cçnçjçpç: kçáÀuççuçm³ç uçuççìí çqmLçlçb #çlççÆ®çÚb ¢ädJçç çÆ®ççqvlçlçJççvçd .... çÆvç½ç³çívç S<ç: kçÀçÆ½çlçd JççÇjHçá©<ç: m³ççlçd ~ ³çá×mçcç³çí Slçm³ç uçuççìí SJçb #çlç: pççlç: m³ççlçd

FçÆlç ~

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***********

sanskrit lesson 47 C. www.chitrapurmath.net

2/2

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sanskrit summing up month 10. www.chitrapurmath.net

1/1

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1/1

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sanskrit lesson 48. www.chitrapurmath.net

2/2

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©+©O©©&©F©G ©+©O©&©F©Ga 6KDOOZHPRYHRQWRRXUH[HUFLVHV" sanskrit lesson 48. www.chitrapurmath.net

3/3

/HVVRQ$([HUFLVHVZLWKP-©&© R©,© P©©TY2©a 'RWKH6DQGKLRIWKHIROORZLQJ 0©{M'©© ©F© j§àdà}à} ààdà}à} àdààà làe¦à ©©e¦à ~ààà¦àÜe¦ÄàÚ làÚààÜeà èàà}Ëfà à|ËfÚkà ~ààhà àààhj§à 'RWKHP©©TY2©©-©pV¯RRIWKHIROORZLQJ2QHKDVEHHQGRQHIRU\RX

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sanskrit lesson 48 A. www.chitrapurmath.net

1/1

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sanskrit lesson 48 B. www.chitrapurmath.net

1/1

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sanskrit lesson 53 A. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 53 B. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 53 C. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit summing up month 12. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 54. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 54 A. www.chitrapurmath.net

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sanskrit lesson 54 B. www.chitrapurmath.net

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F©u©© N©O©Pu© S©+©Pu© +©X©E R¯-©Pu© +©©Ru©©¯ P/©©+©u©©©F© a

" $ "

N©©u©© /©g P©©F©/u©g p©O©£M¯©£ -©O© F©©Y©¯©£ \©©X©N©¯©£ '©©TPO© a

3 !$" $ $ ,!4

X©{©E L©Q©O©-©YO© N©+©u© M©F©Pu© <©N©ZO©© a

5 + " !) .4 " ! !& 66 6O© +©©ÀO© +©©À ©Y©©u©¯Y© '©QE +©©©&©©Y© <©-©©©F© <©©-©u©©©F©

7 & & "

<©-©Ou©© <©-©O©© '©©Y©©O©¯
sanskrit lesson 58 B. www.chitrapurmath.net

1/1 © Shri Chitrapur Math

! " " " # " " # " # $ % "&$ % ' " () " " ! "" & " * "" + , " #

sanskrit lesson 59. www.chitrapurmath.net

1/1 © Shri Chitrapur Math

! ! " # $% &

&

#' ( &

&

#'

!"

( ' & + (! &

) *

$% #

#!

&

+

(( &

+

'

' ## ! & ' % (& ! ' & #

+ (! &

sanskrit lesson 59 A. www.chitrapurmath.net

1/1 © Shri Chitrapur Math

# , - &

(

# ! &

( ! & & %# . ( .& /

0 1 ! 2& % 3 (4 5 0 ! ( 6 0 ( $ - * - . (' '& ! 7 # ( 2 8 #' ( (! 9 - ! -' 0 . 0' %: ; #4 '

sanskrit lesson 59 A. www.chitrapurmath.net

2/2 © Shri Chitrapur Math

ÃRÃ NÃMÃ£ ÃÃÃ¢+ÃYÃFÃG 'Ã+Ã0ÃOÃG OÃRÃ PÃ -ÃYÃE ®ÃÃÃ¢-Ã0ÃOÃG

a

ÃÃÃ¢+ÃYÃE ÀG-ÃÃ NÃMÃ£ -ÃYÃE ®ÃÃÃ¢-Ã0ÃOÃG a

+ÃY/ÃÃYÃFÃG *<ÃÃOÃ +ÃXXÃÃ¢-ÃYÃ PÃÃTYOÃ a

! FÃOPÃ2ÃÃMÃ£ NÃ&ÈÃ¢NÃYÃ Ã¢-Ã+Ã&ÃÃ£FÃG 'ÃÃYÃÃÃ¢OÃ a

" #$ % $ & ' ! 'ÃQE NÃ&ÃPÃ +Ã¯SÃÃE 'ÃÃLÃÃÃ¢FÃÃ¢YÃ PÃ+OÃÃQÉ NÃÃ¢MÃÉ NÃÃ¢MÃÃÃ¢FÃ a 'ÃÃLÃÃÃ¢FÃÃ¢YÃ PÃ+OÃÃQÉ 'ÃQE NÃ&ÃE +Ã¯SÃÃ¢ÃÃÃÃ¢FÃ a

() ) * ) + PÃQÃ2ÃÃÃ¢ÃÃ¢<Ã PÃQ ®ÃÃ£OÃÃ 'ÃÃÃMOÃ½ a

, -) . LÃ½Ã¢&Ã<Ã YÃFÃ a

/ -* ) SÃÃTYFÃÃ¢<Ã Ã¢0Ã-Ã +Ã¯SÃ +Ã¯SÃYÃÃ£Ã +Ã¯Ã¢SÃOÃ-Ã a

0 #$ #$* 0ÃÃ¢0ÃYÃE ÀG-ÃÃ 'ÃQE <ÃÃÉSÃYÃE .ÃÃRÃÃ¢FÃ .ÃÃÃ¢RÃÃÃ¢FÃ a

) ( * sanskrit lesson 59 B. www.chitrapurmath.net

1/1 © Shri Chitrapur Math

6OÃÃÃ¢YÃ +ÃXÃÃÃ¢YÃ OÃÉ<Ã ÃÃÉÃ¢LÃ<Ã OÃ+ÃÃTP-Ã<Ã Ã a

1 2 -) # +* NÃFÃ PÃÃÃ¢ÃYÃ 'ÃQE ®ÃÉM&ÃÃE XÃ<ÃÉ a

sanskrit lesson 59 B. www.chitrapurmath.net

2/2 © Shri Chitrapur Math

! " àn¥kààààoàj§ _ # $ ! ! ! ©§àààoàj§ _ % & ' & ! ( & ) ! ) ) ) ) ) & ) ! ) ) ! ) * & + & , & - ! . & )!) / & 0 ! ) & ) 1

" 2 31 ! !!

! ! # % ' 1 !! ! / 1 ! 4! sanskrit lesson 60. www.chitrapurmath.net

1/1 © Shri Chitrapur Math

2 ! !!5 - 67. 8 ! # % ' ! !5 - 67. 91 ! ! ) ( ) ( ( ( ! 5 - 67. 4! 31 : ! 1 ; ; ! à à 15 /2$ 1 àèà¨à 55555 - 67. < 4; 4 ! ; ! / 1 !

àn¥kààààoàj§ _ 2 • = ! ! • ; 3 ! •

- ~±zààà àèà¨à +Ã½EÃ¢XÃ

YÃ+Ã½EPÃNÃÃ¢XÃ

PÃÃ£Ã¢XÃ

ij§ àààj§ ¹Û àààj§Û àà àààj§à oààà àààj§à ~àºoà àààj§à à»¥ àààj§à à~à àààj§à d» d»Û àààj§à }àà àààj§à à àààj§à

ij¡§ Ý§àà¥ ¹ Ý§Ú àÜà Ý§àà}à oààà Ý§àà}à ~àºoà Ý§àà}à à»¥ Ý§àà}à à~à Ý§àà}à d» d»Û Ý§àà}à }àà Ý§àà}à à Ý§àà}à

ij§à àààj§à ¹ àààj§ àÊà àààj§à oààÊà àààj§à ~àºoà àààj§à à»¥ àààj§à à~à àààj§à d» d»Û àààj§à }àà àààj§à à àààj§à

sanskrit lesson 60. www.chitrapurmath.net

2/2 © Shri Chitrapur Math

1 ! ; ; 1 /8 1 àèà¨à 1 ij§àoà}à !

1 ! ;#; 1 /8 1 àèà¨à 1 ¹àoà}à !

- + . 1 ! 1 àèà¨à 1 ààoà}à ! 2 # • = àèà¨à ! ) ;) ! ! : ! àèà¨à - ; àèà¨à .

• • • • • • •

ij§ àààj§ àà dà _ dà¥ ij¡§ àààj¡§ ~àààà _ ij§}à àààj§}à à d¡ à¶àààà¡ làoçàà _ ij§Û àààj§àà à ~Ëàj¡§ àoçà _ ij§ààà¥ àààj§àà¥ àà èààà¥ d}Ëèààà _ ij§à àààj§à Ìà dà dà _ ij§à}à¥ àààj§ àÈààà dà _

2 % •

> ! ! PÃÃ£Ã¢XÃ

YÃ+Ã½EPÃNÃÃ¢XÃ

2 ' • > 1 àèà¨à ! # % ' ?

sanskrit lesson 60. www.chitrapurmath.net

3/3 © Shri Chitrapur Math

2 ( •

( + 1 ààoà}à ! @ +

2 • ,@ ,, ! 4! à ! ? à¡àà dàÜà àà &% , 24<>/: ! àà <5 A? 4 +% B dE ààÜà¡ kàlàà}à¥ ~àààà _ 2 #' B àà oàËàÖàà àààj§àèà à oàà~à»là¡ làoçà _

1 ! ! !

¹àà¡àà àààj§à ¹àà¡àà Ý§àà}à ¹àà¡àà àààj§à

2 * • àj§àà}à à¡àà¥ oàààÍàà¥ ~àºoàààà¥

! àà¥ _ 2 + - 8; 1 2 5. •

ààà¥ àÊàà¥ dËàà¥ àÄàà¥ }àËàà¥ ~±Ëàà¥ YÃ+Ã½EPÃNÃÃ¢XÃ

•

à}àà¥ ij§àoà}à !

j§Ú» ààC

2 , • •

0/"D/:82

#

d|àj§ 9 ?

sanskrit lesson 60. www.chitrapurmath.net

4/4 © Shri Chitrapur Math

B ij§à|àj¡§ ààà¥ #B ¹àà|àj¡§ ààà¥ % B ààà|àj¡§ ààà¥ $:

fÐà

B ij§ÚÐàààà¥ #B ¹àÚÐàààà¥ % B ààÚÐàààà¥ $:

2

#B ¹Ì}àij§ % B àÌ}àij§ B ij§Ì}àij§ - ! ! 1 4 1 ! 1 - . à¥ ! ij§ ! <55.

!

• # , ! ààÜ $: ! àà

¹àà¥ ààà¥ 9 ? # B ¹ààÜ àà¹àà¥ _ % B àààÜ ààààà¥ _ ! ¹ààÜ àààÜ }àÜ àà¹àà¥ ààààà¥ à}àà¥ _

& 1 1 !

ij¡§ à àà¡ oÛà àÊààËà¡ àzàà _ àÄà¡ oà }àËà¡ oÛà j§Ú» à oà _ \Ã ½

à}¡ kà }àkàà¦Æà -ÃÃ[

0Ã

FÃÉ

~à²àÆà ààlà _

d}à¡ à|à¡ ~àà|àÖ oà àà¸àà àzàà©§àà¥ __ sanskrit lesson 60. www.chitrapurmath.net

5/5 © Shri Chitrapur Math

/

ij§à¥ à ààà¥ àÊàà¥ dËàà¥ àÄàà¥ }àËàà¥ j§Ú» dà¦à¥ à}à¥ kàà¦ }àkàà¦ 0Ã

~à²à ààlà d}àà¥ à|àà¥ ~àà|à¦à¥

/ 3 E' ~àà E# d|à¦

%E' ~ààÚ}à

¼

à~àà

½ àà|à ¦j§

( àà|à ¦j§ààà¥ - <5.

sanskrit lesson 60. www.chitrapurmath.net

6/6 © Shri Chitrapur Math

©§àààoàj§ ? ! ! ! ! ! 4 2 ©§àààoàj§ ! 2 31 1 1 ! 1 ! &A ; ! &$ $ 9 2

9 9! 2? 21 A

OTHHKØ KØ

v(HKØ

MOTRJHKØ

~±zàà ¹àÜà ààÜà oàËzà¦ ~àºoàà à¼ à~àà d»à }ààà àà

~±zààà ¹àÜàà ààÜàà oàËzàÜ¦ ~àºoààÜ à¼Ü à~ààÜ d»àÜ }àààÜ ààÜ

~±zààà¥ ¹àÜàà¥ ààÜàà¥ oàËzà¦à¥ ~àºoààà¥ à¼à¥ à~ààà¥ d»àà¥ }àààà¥ ààà¥

OTHHKØ KØ •

àà

v(HKØ

}àÜ

MOTRJHKØ

- ? ! ! àààà

à}àà¥ _

! 1 4 d¡ }àààà¡

j§Äàààà¡ ~à¼àà _

; ) 8 ) d»àà ~Ëàj§à }ààà }àà

àà}àÜ _ 4 1 ! F d¡ ààÚ d»àà¥ dààà¡ }àààà _ sanskrit lesson 60. www.chitrapurmath.net

7/7 © Shri Chitrapur Math

/ ! & ) ! ! ! 5) hàÚ ~±zàààà Ý§àà}à à|Ëàà _ •

! ~±zàÚ ~Ëàj§ àà_ 2 ! •

@ +

v(HKØ

àà •

OTHHKØ KØ MOTRJHKØ

}àÜ

à}àà¥ _

,

àà ààÜ

ààà¥ 1 9 ?

à¡àààà à¡ààààÜ à¡ààààà¥

à¡àÐàà à¡àÐààÜ à¡àÐààà¥ & àààà ààààÜ ààààà¥ _ •

) ) à¡àà

à 1 $ 9 ? - 31 .

à¡à

@! ij§à¡à

@ ¹àà¡à "1 < 2 ! ! ! G 2 !!? 1 24<>/: A> A: 9$:H 1 9 ? ~Ëàj§ààà¥ ! oààj§ààà¥ ! 6 ~Ëàj§ààà¥ dà dà ~Ëàj§ààà¥ dà à}à C <55

sanskrit lesson 60. www.chitrapurmath.net

8/8 © Shri Chitrapur Math

& & # & ! % & ) ! ) ) ) ) ) ' & ) ! ) ) ! ) ( & ) ! ) 0 H 5 1 5 & * & / + & 2 < % 1 1 1 0 4 ! 1 ! 1 ! ! 1 & /

ààà¥ 1 1

ij§ààà¥ ¹ààà¥ àààà¥ oàËàà¦à¥ àààà¥ _ d¡ ~±à}à¡ ¹àà¡ }àà}à¡ j§Úà _ # & ! / 31 /

lËà lËàà lËàà¥ _

¹lËà àlËà oàËlà¦à _ ¹lËà¡ èàÚqà}à¡ j§àà d|Ë}àà d¡ j§àà¡ }à¯à¡ j§à¦à¥ eoçàà _ % & ) ! ) ) ) ) ) /

|àà _ sanskrit lesson 60. www.chitrapurmath.net

9/9 © Shri Chitrapur Math

ij§|àà ! ¹|àà ¹|àà ¹ |àà¥ ! à|àà Ú|àà Û|àà¥ oàË|àà¦ à|àà " !

. d}Új§|àà - !! . j§à|àà - !! .

çààË ij§àà dààÚ¦ ij§|àà j§ààÖ j§à¦}à _ ' & ) ! ) ) ! ) /

à|à _ 31 ! 1

ij§à|à ij§à|àà ij§à|àà¥ ¹à|à ¹à|àà ¹à|àà¥ àà|à àà|àà àà|àà¥ d»àà|àà}à ~Ë~ààà àà}à¥ ½àj§ à}à _ ½àj§à¥ . ( & ) ! ) 0 H 5 1 5 9 5 > 31 j§ààà¥ j§ààà j§ààà¥

j§àààà ààlÚ¦à àÚ}à làààà}à¥ " j§àààÛ àààj§àÛ ~Ëàj¡§ èàààÜ dàoçà¥ " j§ààà ~Ëàj§àà¥ àà¥ ià¡ oààà¥ dàèà " & -/ 31.

# # ,* ij§à~à}ààij§ $: ij§à~àËÐà}àààààà¥ ij§à~àà

fÐà }àààààà¥ H #( !! $:

!! !!

! ij§à~à}ààij§ ! !

2 ; ! 5 4 ,* 4 ij§à~à}ààij§àà ij§à~à}àà~±zàààÚ¦ d¡

}ààlà~Ëà¥ dlàoçà¥ _ 4 #% àÌ}àÌ}à¹àÚ àÌ}àÌ}à¹àÜààÚ¦ sanskrit lesson 60. www.chitrapurmath.net

10/10 © Shri Chitrapur Math

$ ! I #% àÌ}àÌ}à¹àÜààÚ¦ qà£}ààÜàààà ~±zàà}ààn¥j§ $ , ! I qà£}ààÜàààà }ààà}ààn¥j§ $ ! H

ààoà¦àààà àÚ½à}ààn¥j§

* & > ààÜ¦à ààÜ¦àà

d¡ ~àºoàààà¥ ààÜ¦à à}Ëà _ d¡ à¡àà¥ ààÜ¦àà àÜàà _ + & / ~à¼à¥ _ ij§Ú}àà¡àà¡ ~à¼¡ ~ààË _

1 fÐà¡ ¹àÚ ~à¼ dà _

! fÐà¡ oàààÍàÐàÚ ~à¼ dà _

sanskrit lesson 60. www.chitrapurmath.net

11/11 © Shri Chitrapur Math

! " # ! $ % & ' % ! ! ! !% (% ) * % + , % ! - . # !% / # # 0* * 1 * 0 1 * 1 ! *! ! $ 2

sanskrit lesson 60 A www.chitrapurmath.net

1/1 © Shri Chitrapur Math

3 4 ( *

-

%##

0 %

! !

*

! % ! ! " # 5% $ * 6 & ! ! # ) 6 7 * * 89 6 ! % # ! ! ! % # + : ! . !! * ! % / #;!! # ! < , # 6 # % # #

sanskrit lesson 60 A www.chitrapurmath.net

2/2 © Shri Chitrapur Math

! "

! !" #$

# $ !" " %" " % &! ' " ( ) '

& ! ' *+ , ) ,- . + /

" ( / & "!&" *

) * " + "! / +!

, !

" ! ! ' % !0 1

- .' !' / ' . 0 ( + 2# 3!4 2# +3!4 2# /' '! 0/*

/ ( !' / 0

' 1!! ('! /! " 2 54 "6 !'4 7 /' '4 0*

*+ +!!

sanskrit lesson 60 B www.chitrapurmath.net

1/1 © Shri Chitrapur Math

2 ! "

8' (9 : ' 4 - 8' - 1 +

0 3" 8'

( !' 4 2" "; !' 4
# 0 (9 + 8' > ) >

& 4 ! 5 ' ' 67 + , ?

4 " 0 " ( !

.' 3 2/ 9- ) 2/ ! /! 1

+!

) 0 0 ! 3 / 1 = )

, ' ! ! " 8' @ 0 :'!

- 8 9 * 0 % /

+

4 0 " ( !# ,! /! A9'

sanskrit lesson 60 B www.chitrapurmath.net

2/2 © Shri Chitrapur Math

Lesson 61.

Swara Sandhi and Visarga Sandhi.

mJçjmççÆvOç: / çÆJçmçiç&mççÆvOç: In my early days of enthusiastic Sanskrit studies, I picked up the Panchatantra to 'improve' my language skills. One look at the text… a long never ending word that filled 25 lines (if I exaggerate, it is only for effect….believe me, I do not lie. Ever.) and I figured that I had to get my Sandhi rules firmly understood first. Sandhi is the joining of two words into a single word. The last letter of a word and the first letter of the adjoining word form one letter. Sandhi-vicheda, mççÆvOççÆJç®sío:, describes the process by which one letter ( whether single or cojoined) is broken to form two words. Part of the broken letter remains as the last letter of the first word and part of the letter forms the first letter of the next letter. Over time I still find it easier to break words than to join them but here are a few tips that have kept me in good stead either way: 1. Sandhis take place whenever there is a presence of a swara….a vowel ; the presence of a consonant WITH a halanta ( for example

kçdÀ 2.

); the presence of a visarga (for example kçÀ: )

Siren's on!! Trip up alert:

Whenever I see a ³ç, Jç, S, Sí, Dççí, DççÌ, mçd, Mçd, <çd, jd , e in a "more or less" long word, my antennae go up. Chances are that I have a Sandhi staring at me in the face. I always potter around these letters to help me decide whether the occasion has presented itself to break two words. The more I read, the more I was convinced that there were a trillion sandhi rules to follow. But ever so slowly it began to filter in that amongst those trillion rules a few are oft repeated and they are the only ones that one need really remember to follow Sanskrit classical texts. Buy a book that lists all sandhi rules so that you can refer to it if you come across an occasional sandhi that I have not dealt with. But for all practical purposes, these are enough. Lesson 61 will deal with 1) a revision of swara sandhi rules plus a few more new ones AND 2) with visarga sandhi rules. A tabular column works well for reference. sanskrit lesson 61. www.chitrapurmath.net

1 © Shri Chitrapur Math

Swar Sandhi. The name The first word of the should end in: sandhi

The second word should begin with:

Result of the sandhi

Example

1. oçÇIç&

Dç or Dçç

Dçç

çÆncç + Dççuç³ç:

Dç or Dçç

=çÆncççuç³ç: ~

mççqvOç

çÆJçÐçç + DçLçça =çÆJçÐççLçça ~

F or F&

F or F&

F&

kçÀçÆJç + Fvê: = kçÀJççÇvê: ~

ÞççÇ + F&Mç: =ÞççÇMç: ~

G or T

G or T

T

Yççvçá + Go³ç: = YççvçÓo³ç: æ~

JçOçÓ + Go³ç: = JçOçÓo³ç: ~

2. içáCç

Dç or Dçç

F or F&

S

mçáj + F&Mç: = mçájíMç:~

mççqvOç

jcçç + F&Mç: = jcçíMç: ~ Dç or Dçç

G or T

Dççí

mçÓ³ç& + Go³ç = mçÓ³ççxo³ç ~ iç²ç + GçÆcç& = iç²çíçÆcç&: ~

Dç or Dçç

$çÝ or $çÝ=

Dçjd

cçnç + $çÝçÆ<ç: = cçnçÆ<ç&: ~

Dç or Dçç

uç=

Dçuçd

lçJç + uç=kçÀçj: = lçJçukçÀçj: ~

sanskrit lesson 61. www.chitrapurmath.net

2 © Shri Chitrapur Math

3. Jç=çÆ×

Dç or Dçç

S or Sí

Sí

cçcç + SkçÀ: = cçcçÌkçÀ:~

mççqvOç

oÌJç + Síéç³ç&cçd =oÌJçÌéç³ç&cçd ~

Dç or Dçç

Dççí or DççÌ

DççÌ

G
$çÝ or $çÝ=

Dç or Dçç

Dççjd

( GHçmçiç& a prefix )

GHç + $çÝ®sçÆlç ( to go, to become difficult ) =

GHçç®s&çÆlç ~ uç=

Dç or Dçç

Dççuçd

( GHçmçiç& a prefix) 4. ³çCçd

F or F&

mççqvOç G or T

= GHççukçÀçj: ~ vowel that is not an F or F&

³çd

vowel that is not an G or

Jçd

vowel that is not an $çÝ or

5. Dç³çççÆo

S

jd

çÆHçlç= + Dçç%çç = çÆHç$çç%çç

vowel that is not uç=

uçd

any vowel (except for

Dç³çd

sanskrit lesson 61. www.chitrapurmath.net

JçOçÓ + Dççiçlçç= JçOJççiçlçç~

$çÝ= uç=

FçÆlç + DçççÆo= Fl³çççÆo~

T $çÝ or $çÝ=

GHç + uç=kçÀçj:

uç= + Dççkç=ÀçÆlç = uççkç=ÀçÆlç ~

njí + S 3

© Shri Chitrapur Math

mççqvOç

Sí

Dç if the S

=nj³çí ~

ending is that of a declined noun.

Jçlç&vlçí + FçÆlç

any vowel

= Jçlç&vlççÆ³ççÆlç /

Jçlç&vlç FçÆlç Dçç³çd

vçÌ + DçkçÀ: = vçç³çkçÀ: ~ lçmcçÌ + DççÆHç = lçmcçç³ççÆHç / lçmcçç DççÆHç ~

Dççí

any vowel (except for Dç if the Dççí

DçJçd

HçJçvç: ~ Yççvççí + Focçd

ending is that of a declined noun.

DççÌ

any vowel

Hççí+ Dçvç: =

= YççvççÆJçocçd /

Yççvç Focçd DççJçd

HççÌ + DçkçÀ: = HççJçkçÀ:~ GYççÌ + DççÆHç = GYççJççÆHç / GYçç DççÆHç

6. HçÓJç&ªHç mççqvOç

A declined noun ending in an S

Dç

or an Dççí

e

kçÀJç³çí +Dç$ç=

instead of Dç

kçÀJç³çíe$ç ~ mççOççí +Dç$ç = mççOççíe$ç ~

7. HçjªHç mççqvOç

a prefix ending in an

Dç

a conjugated Dç is verb elided. beginning with an S or an Dççí

sanskrit lesson 61. www.chitrapurmath.net

DçJç + SçÆn =DçJçíçÆn~

GHç +Dççí<ççÆlç =GHççí<ççÆlç~ 4

© Shri Chitrapur Math

8.

çÆÜJç®çvç words ending

çÆÜJç®çvç word

Òçkç=ÀçÆlçYççJç

in F&, T , S

where its first letter is a vowel.

mççqvOç

Indeclinables (DçJ³ç³çs) ending in an

Sandhi does not take place

vowel

Sandhi does not take place

an Dçç or an Dççí

kçÀJççÇ + SlççÌ =kçÀJççÇ SlççÌ

içáª + FcççÌ =içáª FcççÌ

Dçnçí Dç$ç YççJçvçd Dçç SJçb vçá cçv³çmçí

I came across very peculiar sandhis during the course of my study. Unfortunately, I have not been able to find a rule in grammar texts that authenticates such sandhis. However, I'll place them before you and if you do come across references regarding this please let me know so that I may share it with others. 1. Words that end in Dç/Dçç and when combined with words beginning with

Dç/Dçç

have sometimes been written like this:

lçLçç + DççÆHç = lçLççeçÆHç lç$ç + DççÆHç =lç$ççeçÆHç lçáäç +Dç$ç= lçáäçe$ç 2. The occurrence of two DçJçûçnçÆ®çÚ s ( ee an

Dçç

)

together tell you that

is present at that point.

sanskrit lesson 61. www.chitrapurmath.net

5 © Shri Chitrapur Math

Visarga Sandhi: Before we do the Visarga Sandhi, it is important to have a table that differentiates the soft consonants from the hard ones.

ˆÃÅ þÃ ÙÃ ·þÃ œþÃ

‰þÃ ŽÃ ÚÃ ˜þÃ ûÃÅ

ŠþÃ þÃ ÛÃ ¸Ã þÃ

‹þÃ þÃ Ã šþÃ žþÃ

¡þÃ ªþÃ

£Ã «þÃ

¥þÃ ¬þÃ

¨þÃ −Ã

ŒÃ ØþÃ µþÃ ›þÃ ŸþÃ

The shaded consonants are the kçÀþçíj-J³ç¡çvçççÆvç - hard consonants. The rest are cç=oáöJ³ç¡çvçççÆvç - soft consonants. The following table should be helpful visarga preceded by

followed by any soft consonant OR Dç

Dç

results in coalesces into Dççí (for a soft consonant) ORDççíe (for an Dç)

kçÀ: + DççÆHç = kçÀçíeçÆHç ~ An indeclinable (DçJ³ç³ç) ending in

any vowel OR any soft consonant except for j

anDç

is replaced by jd

Hçávç: + Dç$ç = Hçávçj$ç ~ Hçávç: + iç®sçÆlç = Hçávçiç&®sçÆlç ~

j

An indeclinable (DçJ³ç³ç) ending in anDç

visarga is dropped and the Dç becomes Dçç

Hçávç: + jcçlçí = Hçávçç jcçlçí ~

The vocative case, mçcyççíOçvç, of a $çÝ

any vowel OR any soft consonant

sanskrit lesson 61. www.chitrapurmath.net

changes to jd 6

© Shri Chitrapur Math

çÆHçlç: + Jçvoí = çÆHçlçJç&voí ~

ending noun

Dç

any vowel except

Dç

is elided kçÀ: + GJçç®ç = kçÀ GJçç®ç

~ Dçç

any vowel OR any soft consonant

is elided

yççuçç: + Dç$ç = yççuçç Dç$ç ~ lçç: + iç®sçqvlç = lçç iç®sçqvlç ~

any vowel except

Dç, Dçç

any short vowel except Dç

any vowel OR any soft consonant except jd

j

changes into jd

cçáçÆvç: + FçÆlç = cçáçÆvççÆjçÆlç ~

the short vowel becomes long YçÓHççÆlç: + jçpçlçí = YçÓHçlççÇ

jçpçlçí ~ any vowel

changes into

®çd , sd , ìd , þd , lçd , Lçd Dç

Mçd , <çd , mçd ~

Mçd , <çd , mçd

Mçd , <çd , mçd ~

kçdÀ , Hçd

mçd vçcç: + kçÀjçíçÆlç = vçcçmkçÀjçíçÆlç ~ HçájmkçÀjçíçÆlç ~

S<ç:/ mç:

Any consonant or vowel except for

Dç

sanskrit lesson 61. www.chitrapurmath.net

elision of the visarga.

mç iç®sçÆlç ~ 7

© Shri Chitrapur Math

Name of visarga the preceded sandhi by

followed by

effect example

1.GlJç

Dç:

j

Dççíj

cçvç: + jLç: = cçvççíjLç:~

Dç:

çÆuç

Dççí çÆuç

kçÀ: + çÆuçKççÆlç = kçÀçí çÆuçKççÆlç ~

Dç:

Jç

Dççí Jç

sç$ç: + JçoçÆlç = sç$ççí JçoçÆlç ~

Dç:

iç

Dççí iç

³çMç: + iççvçcçd = ³çMççí iççvçcçd ~

Dç:

Oç

Dççí Oç

lçípç: + Oçvçcçd = lçípççí Oçvçcçd ~

Dç:

Dç

Dççí e

kçÀ: + DççÆHç = kçÀçíeçÆHç ~ mç: + DççÆHç = mççíeçÆHç ~

2. mçlJç

3. ©lJç

4. uççíHç

Dç:

lçd

Dçmlçd

vçcç: + lçí = vçcçmlçí ~

Dç:

ìd

Dçäd

jçcç: + ìçÇkçÀlçí = jçcçäçÇkçÀlçí ~

Dç:

®çd

Dç½ç

kçÀ: + çÆ®çlçd = kçÀçÆ½çlçd ~

G:

Dç

Gjd Dç

Yççvçá: + Dç³çcçd = Yççvçáj³çcçd ~

G:

n

Gn&

Mç$çá: + nçqvlç = Mç$çán&çqvlç ~

F:

iç

Fiç&

cçáçÆvç: + içlç: = cçáçÆvçiç&lç: ~

Dç:

Dçç

Dç Dçç

cççínvç: + Dççiç®sçÆlç = cççínvç Dççiç®sçÆlç ~

Dç:

F

Dç F

jçcç: + F®sçÆlç = jçcç F®sçÆlç ~

Dç:

G

Dç G

kçÀ: + GJçç®ç = kçÀ GJçç®ç ~

Dçç:

Dçç

Dçç Dçç

vçjç: + Dçç³çççqvlç = vçjç Dçç³çççqvlç ~ yççuçç: + Dççiç®sçvÆlç = yççuçç Dççiç®sçqvlç ~

Dçç:

iç

Dçç iç

oíJçç: + iç®sçqvlç = oíJçç iç®sçqvlç ~

sanskrit lesson 61. www.chitrapurmath.net

8 © Shri Chitrapur Math

Lesson 61 A B C Faith in the Guru I've dared to label this lesson 61 ABC because it incorporates a story and a set of exercises for you as well. To make things easier, I've marked the sandhis bold. Please try and break the sandhis.

içájçÌ çÆvçÿç ~ Story contributed by Smt. Shilpa Mudur ( Borivli Sabha)

YçêoççÆ³çvççÇ vççcç mççÆjlçmlççÇj³ççmççÇlçíkçÀ DççÞçcç: ~ lç$çççÆ²jç vççcçç®çç³ççx çÆvçJçmççÆlç mcç ~ DççÞçcçm³ç HççÆjmçjçíel³çvlç: cçvççínç³çç&mççÇlçd ~ F&¢Mçb Mççvlçb jcçCççÇ³çb JççlççJçjCçb JçíoçO³ç³çvçç³ç ³çákçwlçcççmççÇlçd ~ DçvçíkçíÀ çÆJçÐçççÆLç&vçmlç$ççO³ç³çvçm³ç nílççíçÆvç&Jçmççqvlç mcç ~ lçí DççÆ²jmççí Jçíoçvçd Mççm$ççC³çáHççÆvç<çoçvçd ®ç Hçþçqvlç mcç ~ lçí<ççb MçMççÇ, oíJçvçvoçÇ, Dç%çpç³ççÇ ®ç cçíOçççÆJçvç: ~ $ç³ççíeçÆHç Jçíoí<çá , Mççm$çí<çá ®ç çÆvçHçáCçç: ~ SkçÀoççÆ²jçmlççvççnÓ³ççíkçwlçJççvçd YçJçlççb çÆJçÐççiçcçb ¢ädJççnb ÒçmçVç: ~ DçlççíeûççY³ççmçç³ç cç³çç YçJçvlççí Jç=lçç: ~ çÆkçÀvlçá ³ççÆo kçÀç½çvç çÆmç×³ççí uçyOçJ³ççmlççÆn& cç³çç çÆvççÆo&äb kçÀç³ç¥ kçÀjCççÇ³ççÆcççÆlç ~ çÆ$ççÆYççÆJç&ÐçççÆLç&çÆYç: DçvJçcçv³çlç ~ Dçç®çç³ç&mlçíY³çm$ççÇvçd uçIçÓvçd kçÀuçMççvç³ç®slçd lççvçd ®ççÞçcçm³ç Hççéç&mLçm³ç çÆiçjí: çÆMçKçjcçvç³çlçd ~ lç$ç YçÓcççÌ $ççÇvçd Jçlç&áuççvçççÆuçK³ç lçíY³ççí SkçÌÀkçbÀ mLççvçb oÊçcçd ~ çÆncççuç³ççlççiçlççlçd kçÀmcçççq®®çlçd mçv³çççÆmçvç: cç³çç kçÀççÆvç®çvç yççÇpçççÆvç uçyOçççÆvç ~lçççÆvç cç³çç$ç JççÆHçlçççÆvç ~ ÒççÆlççÆovçcçá<ççÆmç YçJççÆt: mççÆjlç: Hç³ç DççvççÇ³ç Dççlcçvç: mLççvçcçäççÆOçkçÀMçlçívç HçÓCç&kçÀuçMçÌ: mçíkçwlçJ³çcçd ~ ³ççÆo Dç¹§jç jçíçÆn<³ççqvlç lçoç cç¿çb mçÓ®çvçç oçlçJ³çç Fl³çákçwlJçççÆ²jç: lçlç: ÒççqmLçlç: ~ içájçíjç%çç HçççÆuçlçJ³çç ~ Dçlç: HçjíÐçájíJç çÆ$ççÆYç: mJçmLççvçm³ç çÆmçgçvçcççjyOçcçd ~ çÆovççv³çlççÇlçççÆvç ~ ³çÐççÆHç çÆvç³çcççvçámççjmçí®çvçb kç=Àlçb lçLççH³çíkçÀçíeH³ç¹§jçí vç ¢ä: ~ çÆJçÐçççÆLç&vççb cçvççÆmç Mç¹ç pççlçç ~içá©Cçç³ççíi³çb mLççvçb vç oÊçb m³ççlçd ~Dç$ç yççÇpçççÆvç mççqvlç Kçuçá? Dç%çpççÆ³çvçç çÆ®ççqvlçlçb ³çlçd içá©: vç Mç¹vççÇ³ç: ~ Dçlç: mç: mJçkçÀç³çç&lçd vç çÆJçjlç: ~ çÆkçÀvlçá MçMççÇ oíJçvçvoçÇ ®çççÆ²jmçb çÆvçkçÀ<ççiç®slççb lçb ®ççHç=®slççb, <çìd cççmççYçJçvçd ~ YçJçlççí çÆvçoxMççvçámççjb Jç³çb ÒççÆlççÆovçb mJçmLççvçb Hç³çmçç çÆmçgççcç: ~ çÆkçÀvlçá lç$ç jçíHçm³ç uç#çCçcççÆHç vççmlççÇçÆlç ~ DççÆ²jç: Mççvlç®çílçmçç lççÌ ÞçálçJççvçd ~ mççqmcçlçb mç GkçwlçJççvçd , yçáçÆ×cçlççí sanskrit lesson 61A B C www.chitrapurmath.net

1 © Shri Chitrapur Math

çÆJçÐçççÆLç&vç F&¢M³çHçí#çç vççmççÇlçd FçÆlç ~ lçovçvlçjb lçívç lçmcççlçd DççÆOçkçbÀ mççnç³³çb vç oÊçcçd ~ MççÆMçvçç çÆvç½ç³ç: kç=Àlç: ³çlçd DççÆOçkçíÀvç ÞçcçíCç çÆkçbÀ Òç³ççípçvçcçd ~ éç: ÒçYç=l³çnb #çí$çí Hç³ççí vç çÆvçHççÆlç<³ççcççÇçÆlç ~ oíJçvçvoçÇ çÆkçÀçÆgçlçd #çc³ççmççÇlçd ~ Dçlç FlççíeçÆHç kçÀçuççLç¥ lçívç içájçíjç%çç HçççÆuçlçç ~ Dç$ççvlçjí içá©Cçç çÆkçÀcççÆHç vçÓlçvçb vççO³çççÆHçlçcçd ~ Slçmcççlçd kçÀçjCççlçd MçM³ççÞçcççlçd çÆvçiç&lç: ~ Üí Jç<çxeYçJçlççcçd ~ FoçvççR oíJçvçvÐçH³ççMççÆ¹lççíeYçJçlçd ~DçÐç ³ççJçlçd çÆkçÀcççÆHç yççÇpçb JççÆOç&lçJ³çcçd ~DççÆOçkçíÀvç Hç³çmçç yççÇpçcçíJç cç=lçb m³ççlçd FçÆlç mççíeçÆ®çvlç³çlçd ~ MçvçÌ: MçvçÌ: lçm³ç mçí®çvçkçÀç³ç&cççÆvç³çlçb pççlçcçd ~ ®çlçáY³ççx Jç<çxY³ççíevçvlçjb oíJçvççqvovçççÆHç ÒçmLççvçm³çí®sç ÒçkçÀìçÇkç=Àlçç ~ DççÆ²jmççvçá%çç oÊçç ~ Dç%çpççÆ³çvçmlçá mççOçvçç çÆvç³çcççvçámçççÆjCççÇ ÒçJçlç&cççvççmççÇlçd ~ Oç=çÆlçcççvçd mç: ÒççÆlççÆovçb yç´ïçcçánÓlç&³çálLçç³ç mçÓ³ççxo³ççlçd ÒççkçÀäççÆOçkçÀMçlçJççjb YçêoççÆ³çv³çç: mççÆjlç: Hç³ççí iç=nçÇlJçç çÆiççÆjcçç©¿ç yççÇpççvççb mçí®çvçb kçÀjçíçÆlç mcç ~ F&¢Mçb ÜçoMçJç<çç&C³çlççÇlçççÆvç ~ SkçÀçqmcçvçd çÆovçí lçívç SkçÀçí nçÆjlçd çÆyçvoáo&=ä:~ F&<çlçd kçÀçuççvçvlçjcçíkçÀ: HççuçJççí YçÓc³çç Dççjçínlçd ~ lçb ¢ädJçç%çpççÆ³çvç½ç#çáY³çç&cçÞçáOççjç Òçmç=lçç ~ PççÆìçÆlç lçívçççÆ²jmçí MçáYçJççlçç& kçÀçÆLçlçç ~ DççÆ²jç: GkçwlçJççvçd mçç SkçÀç çÆJççÆMçäçÌ<ççÆOç: ( special herb)Dççqmlç ³çç DçvçíkçÀçvçd jçíiççvçd çÆvçJççj³ççÆlç ~ mçç ÜçoMçY³ççí Jç<çxY³ççíevçvlçjb ÒçjçínçÆlç ~ DççÆHç lçá lçm³çç yççÇpçççÆvç mççJçOççvçb jçÆ#çlçJ³çççÆvç HççíçÆ<çlçJ³çççÆvç ®ç ~ lçLççH³çmcççmçá çÆmççÆ×ÒçççqHlç: mçcYçJçvççÇ³çç ~ lçm³çç: kç=Àlçí lçá içájçÌ çÆvç<þç mLççHçvççÇ³çççÆJçjlçmççOçvçç ®ç kçÀlç&J³çç ~ DççÆ®çjçlçd HçÀuçb vç ÒççH³çlçí ~ DçmcçççÆYç: lçá Òç³çlvççí vç l³çkçwlçJ³ç: ~ ³çoç içá©kç=ÀHçç YçJççÆlç lçoç HçÀuçcçJçM³çb uçY³çlç FçÆlç ~

sanskrit lesson 61A B C www.chitrapurmath.net

2 © Shri Chitrapur Math

Lesson 62.

The Alphabet JçCç&öçÆJç®ççj: A) Evolution of Sound. As Sadhakas, let us introduce ourselves to the world of sounds.... MçyoÒçHçgç ~ The cause of the world of things....DçLç&ÒçHçgç .... is Hçjcçíéçj. In the context of sound, Hçjcçíéçj is Mçyoyç´ïçvçd ~ The entire world is said to be born of Mçyo

...MçyoÒççYçJç ~ Evolution is the result of the self movement mHçvovç of ShivaShakti. The line of evolution is from the subtle to the gross. There are five stages to the emanation of sound. 1. The first is Hçjç which is absolutely supreme and subtle. This can best be described as the storehouse from which inspirations would first emerge. 2. The second is HçM³çvlççÇ which is less subtle but is still undifferentiated. This would be the inspiration that would eventually give rise to a thought or an idea. 3. The third is cçO³çcçç which is grosser and undifferentiated, though not articulate. This is actual thought process which goes into concretizing the idea.... a plan of action. 4. Articulate sound is called JçÌKçjçÇ which further takes two forms: subtle and gross. It is from that that all the letters JçCç&, words Hço and sentences Jççkçw³ç are manifested. The subtle forms of these letters are the mantras. The gross takes the form of the language we use. JçCç&: is that form of sound which cannot be broken up further into smaller parts. It is therefore also called Dç#çjcçd ~ vç #çjçÆlç FçÆlç Dç#çjcçd ~ vçço or OJççÆvç

....sound .....can never be destroyed. That Dç#çjcçd, when it is in a written form is called the JçCç&: ~ Over a period of time both words have now become interchangeable.

sanskrit lesson 62. www.chitrapurmath.net

1 © Shri Chitrapur Math

Dç#çj s, when put together to intelligently express thoughts and feelings is called the Hço ~ A group of Hço s form a Jççkçw³ç ; and Jççkçw³ç s put together so that another may understand what one wishes to express, then becomes language Yçç<çç ~ The Sanskrit script, is called oíJçvççiçjçÇ ~ B) JçCçç&: Let's go over the list of JçCçç&: again. The divisions that you see below have been made by Panini and described in his 'Ashtadhyayi.' We need to study this so that we are better able to understand how Panini worked at his grammar.

mJçjç: Dç ,F, G, $çÝ, uç=

( ÛmJçmJçjç:) are pronounced in one matra ( a measure of

time almost equal to one second )

Dçç, F&, T, $çÝ=, uç¨ , S, Sí, Dççí, DççÌ

(oçÇIç&mJçjç:) are pronounced in two matras

Dç 3, F3, G3, $çÝ3, uç= 3, S3, Sí3, Dççí3, DççÌ 3 (HuçálçmJçjç:).... used when calling out to someone and take more than two matras to be pronounced.

Dç³ççíiçJççnç: so named by Panini. Dçb (DçvçámJççj) Dç: (çÆJçmçiç&:) (I've spent about a trillion hours trying to find a symbol that looks like two smilies put together, one on top of the other, the top looking like a smile and the one below looking like a frown in the place of the visargas for the four alphabets listed below. Sorry. Don't have the software to create an image even. But I'm sure you'll be able to figure out what I mean. If any of you has; and can create an image, please will you send it to me at 'Queries' so that I may replace these four visargas with those? )

: kçÀ

: Kç (çÆpç»çcçÓuççÇ³ç:)

: Hç

: HçÀ (GHçOcççvççÇ³ç:)

sanskrit lesson 62. www.chitrapurmath.net

2 © Shri Chitrapur Math

J³ç¡çvçççÆvç Jçiçça³çJ³ç¡çvçççÆvç 1

2

3

4

5

kçáÀ FçÆlç HçççÆCççÆvç:

(kçÀJçiç&)

kçdÀ

Kçd

içd

Içd

*d

®çá FçÆlç HçççÆCççÆvç:

(®çJçiç&)

®çd

sd

pçd

Pçd

_çd

ìá FçÆlç HçççÆCççÆvç:

(ìJçiç&)

ìd

þd

[d

{d

Cçd

lçá FçÆlç HçççÆCççÆvç:

(lçJçiç&)

Lçd

od

Oçd

vçd

Hçá FçÆlç HçççÆCççÆvç:

(HçJçiç&)

HçdÀ

yçd

Yçd

cçd

lçd Hçd

(Secret revealed: It is good to remember the above 25 J³ç¡çvçççÆvç column-wise too. For example kçdÀ ®çd ìd lçd Hçd etc. )

DçJçiçça³çJ³ç¡çvçççÆvç ³çd, jd, uçd, Jçd (Dçvlç:mLçç:) Mçd, <çd, mçd, nd (T
and uç¨ are not included in Panini's work, who dealt with only the

language in use and not what is originally in the Vedas. But we shall keep them in anyway.... just so that we do not forget them.

G®®ççjCçcçd Your teacher will help you pronounce the mJçjç:, Dç³ççíiçJççnç:, and the J³ç¡çvçççÆvç ~ I'll just supply a table that you can refer to. The beauty here is that this classification works in various ways. It helps making and breaking sandhis, writing out words with DçvçávçççÆmçkçÀ s and understanding the relationships of each "family group" ... how one letter can be substituted for another and ideas like that…. For example, you would have often seen both lçlçd and lçod. It also helps us understand why Parama Poojya Swamiji pronounces $ç³çcyçkçbÀ

³çpççcçní the way He does.

sanskrit lesson 62. www.chitrapurmath.net

3 © Shri Chitrapur Math

JçCçç&:

GlHççÆÊçmLçççÆvç

mLççvçpçv³çJçCç&vççcçççÆvç

Dç Dçç Dç3

kçÀCþ

kçÀCþîç:

lççuçá

lççuçJ³ç:

cçÓOçç&

cçÓOç&v³ç:

ovlçç:

ovl³ç:

DççíÿçÌ

Dççíÿîç

* _ç Cç vç cç

vçççÆmçkçÀç kçÀCþççÆo:

DçvçávçççÆmçkçÀ:

S Sí

kçÀCþlççuçá

kçÀCþlççuçJ³ç:

Dççí DççÌ

kçÀCþçíÿcçd

kçÀCþçíÿîç

Jç

ovlççíÿcçd

ovlççíÿîç

çÆpç»çcçÓuççÇ³ç: (: kçÀ :Kç)

çÆpç»çcçÓuçcçd

çÆpç»çcçÓuççÇ³ç:

vçççÆmçkçÀç

-

kçÀ Kç iç Iç * n çÆJçmçiç& (:) #ç F F& F3 ®ç s pç Pç _ç ³ç Mç $çÝ $çÝ= $çÝ3 ì þ [ { Cç j <ç U uç= uç¨ uç=3 lç Lç o Oç vç uç mç G T G3 Hç HçÀ yç Yç cç GHçOcççvççÇ³ç: (:Hç : HçÀ ) ( actually the two smilies I've mentioned earlier)

( smilies again.)

DçvçámJççj:

sanskrit lesson 62. www.chitrapurmath.net

4 © Shri Chitrapur Math

#çd is a JçCç&: that has been given a position of equal standing in the JçCç&cççuçç in the Vedas. Sanskrit grammar, whether modern or classical, visualizes it as kçdÀ + <çd and you will therefore find it in the dictionary in the kçdÀ section. However, we have retained all the JçCçç&: that are in the original JçCç&cççuçç ~ This has an important effect on pronunciations. The çÆJçmçiç& carries forward the sound of the letter just before it.

JçCç&: is pronounced JçCç&n, JçCçç&: is pronounced JçCçç&nç, JçCçz: is pronounced JçCçzçÆn içá©: is pronounced içá©ná and so on and so forth. When the çÆJçmçiç& is followed by a kçdÀ, Kçd, Hçd, or a HçdÀ, the çÆJçmçiç& is forcefully expressed. Going by this, if the çÆJçmçiç& were to be followed by #çd, which, according to grammar a kçdÀ + <çd, the çÆJçmçiç& should have been forcefully expressed. But it is not. In this case, the çÆJçmçiç& does what it is supposed to do....it carries forward the sound of the letter just before it. C) Maheshwar Sutras.

cççníéçj-mçÓ$çççÆCç cçnçÆ<ç&: HçççÆCççÆvç: mçbmkç=ÀlçJ³ççkçÀjCçm³ç ÒçOççvçç®çç³ç&: ~ HçççÆCçvçí: HçÓJç&cççÆHç DçvçíkçíÀ JçÌ³ççkçÀjCçç: Dççmçvçd ~ çÆkçÀvlçá lçí<ççb ûçvLçç: DçÐçlJçí Dç%ççlçç: DçuçyOçç½ç ~ uçY³çcççvçí<çá ûçvLçí<çá cçnçcçávçí: HçççÆCçvçí: ûçvLç: Òçç®ççÇvçlçcç: ~ HçççÆCççÆvç: yççu³çkçÀçuçí cçnçcçvoyçáçÆ×: DççmççÇlçd FçÆlç cçv³çvlçí ~ yççuçkçÀ: mç: çÆJçÐççpç&vçç³ç kçÀcççÆHç Dçç®çç³ç&cçd GHççiç®slçd ~ çÆkçÀvlçá DççÆ®çjb mç: Dçç®çç³ç&iç=nçlçd çÆvç
5 © Shri Chitrapur Math

Fl³çççÆo mçÓ$çªHçíCç lçm³ç kçÀCç&kçáÀnjb ÒççÆJçä:~ lçççÆvç mçÓ$çççÆCç cççníéçj-mçÓ$çççÆCç Jçç kçÀL³çvlçí ~ SlçççÆvç mçÓ$çççÆCç J³ççkçÀjCçm³ç DçççÆomçÓ$çççÆCç cçv³çvlçí ~ 1. Dç F G Cçd 2. $çÝ uç= kçdÀ 3. S Dççí *d 4. Sí DççÌ ®çd 5. n ³ç Jç j ìd 6. uç Cçd 7. _ç cç * Cç vç cçd 8. Pç Yç _çd 9. Iç { Oç <çd 10. pç yç iç [ o Mçd 11. Kç HçÀ s þ Lç ®ç ì lç Jçd 12. kçÀ Hç ³çd 13. Mç <ç mç jd 14. n uçd ~ Panini has based his entire grammatical work on these sutras. To avoid a detailed recital of the letters, he used what is called the Òçl³ççnçj . It is very much what you would see advertised in a shop window " A-Z available here." Rather than list what he has, the shopkeeper, in his A-Z, has conveyed the fact that he stores all that you need. Similarly, when Panini wished to list only the mJçjç: , he just said Dç®çd and no more. Look at the sutras again. Which sutra has the Dç ? The first. Which sutra ends in ®çd ? The fourth. Ignore every JçCç& with the nuçvlç . They are called Flçd JçCçç&: and are only indicatory letters which disappear the minute the purpose of indication has been fulfilled. List all the letters that are in the four sutras and hey presto, you have a list of all the mJçjç: !

sanskrit lesson 62. www.chitrapurmath.net

6 © Shri Chitrapur Math

Let's take another example. PçMçd would be all the JçCç& s in the 3rd and 4th column. Gottitt?? The peculiarity of the Òçl³ççnçj s is that they can start from any JçCç& ~ They may begin with a JçCç& coming from the middle of the group, but they must end with an Flçd JçCç&:~ Panini then worked on 41 such Òçl³ççnçj s in his DçäçO³çç³ççÇ. Cçd comes twice as an

Flçd JçCç&:~ Whenever you have to choose the first, (1) will be written against the Òçl³ççnçj . Whenever you have to choose the second, (2) will be written against that Òçl³ççnçj.Shall we try work with Òçl³ççnçj s as a home assignment? Please refer to Lesson 62 A. D) içáCç, Jç=çÆ×, oçÇIç&, mçcÒçmççjCç changes. You would have heard of mçávojcçd and it's relative mççÌvo³ç&cçd . It is apparent that the G and DççÌ are connected. What has happened here is a Jç=çÆ× . It is often difficult to remember these terms…. içáCç, Jç=çÆ×, oçÇIç&, mçcÒçmççjCç ~ So here is a list you can refer to when foxed by sandhis. The idea is to see the correlation amongst alphabets.

mJçj

Dç

F

G

$çÝ

uç=

S

Sí

Dççí

DççÌ

Dçç

F&

T

$çÝ=

oçÇIç&

Dçç

F&

T

$çÝ=

-

-

õ

-

içáCç

Dç

S

Dççí

Dçjd

Dçuçd

S

-

Dççí

-

Jç=çÆ×

Dçç

Sí

DççÌ

Dççjd

Dççuçd

Sí

Sí

DççÌ

DççÌ

³çCçd

-

³çd

Jçd

jd

uçd

ö

-

õ

Dç³çd

Dçç³çd

DçJçd

DççJçd

ö

mççqvOç: Dç³çççÆo mççqvOç: mçcÒçmççjCç

³ç F

ö

Jçd G

jd

-

$çÝ

uçd uç=

*** sanskrit lesson 62. www.chitrapurmath.net

7 © Shri Chitrapur Math

Lesson 62 A B

Exercises with the Maheshwara-Sutrani Worksheets List all the JçCçç&: in the Òçl³ççnçj s below. 1. DçCçd (1) 2. DçkçdÀ 3. FkçdÀ 4. GkçdÀ 5. S*d 6. Dç®çd 7. F®çd 8. S®çd 9. Sí®çd 10. Dçìd 11. DçCçd (2) 12. FCçd 13. ³çCçd 14. Dçcçd 15. ³çcçd 16. _çcçd 17. *cçd 18. ³ç_çd 19. Pç<çd 20.DçMçd 21. nMçd 22.JçMçd 23.pçMçd 24.PçMçd sanskrit lesson 62 A www.chitrapurmath.net

1 © Shri Chitrapur Math

25.yçMçd 26.sJçd 27.³ç³çd 28.cç³çd 29.Kç³çd 30.®ç³çd 31. ³çjd 32.Pçjd 33.Kçjd 34.®çjd 35.Mçjd 36.Dçuçd 37.nuçd 38.Jçuçd 39.juçd 40.Pçuçd 41. Mçuçd You do not need answers for this worksheet, do you? That's why the lesson is named 62 A B.

sanskrit lesson 62 A www.chitrapurmath.net

2 © Shri Chitrapur Math

Lesson 63

J³ç¡çvç-mççqvOç: Vyanjan Sandhi. "Sandhi's not my cuppatea," was my refrain…. till I realized that a sandhi was exactly what I had done with both, 'Sandhi is' and a 'cup-pa-tea.' O.K…. so if it is such a common thing in speech, couldai find egzamples a plenty? Butsurely you betcha bottondollar I could! Not only in English but in every language as well. Just have a look at this…. Shuddup = Shut up. ( Vocabulary of the Younger Generation, not mine.) An example of Pçuççb pçMççíevlçí ~ It's just that us Indians love to study and have therefore made a science of something as natural as sandhi. What happens is that a student who studies the science first becomes quite dizzy with all the information, so I have here tried to provide the smelling salts. It's not so bad….. I've survived and so will you. Let's tagjust one stepatatime. Is the combination of a consonant with another consonant, a vowel To make J³ç¡çvç-mççqvOç: easy to memorize and recall at a later date, let's go over how the consonants are classified again.

ˆÃÅ þÃ ÙÃ ·þÃ œþÃ

‰þÃ ŽÃ ÚÃ ˜þÃ ûÃÅ

ŠþÃ þÃ ÛÃ ¸Ã þÃ

‹þÃ þÃ Ã šþÃ žþÃ

¡þÃ ªþÃ

£Ã «þÃ

¥þÃ ¬þÃ

¨þÃ −Ã

sanskrit lesson 63. www.chitrapurmath.net

ŒÃ ØþÃ µþÃ ›þÃ ŸþÃ

1 © Shri Chitrapur Math

The shaded consonants are the kçÀþçíj-J³ç¡çvçççÆvç ~ The hard consonants. The rest are cç=oáöJ³ç¡çvçççÆvç ~ The soft consonants. Please note that for our grammar study, we will work with the consonants specified by Panini. Make sure that you are familiar with lesson 62. It will help you tremendously. Sandhi is a vast topic of study. Rather than do the whole lot, it seems practical to just go over a few. (To give you an idea, we categorized sandhis into 40 sections of which we plan to do just 9). The table given below gives you examples of the ones you will see most often. Use it as a guide while you are studying specific details of the sandhis given after the table on page 8 of this lesson. There are plenty of examples, especially from the Bhagavad Gita, for you to work with.

J³ç¡çvç-mççqvOç:

kçÀç³ç&cçd

GoçnjCçcçd

Name of the sandhi

Effect

Example

1.

½çálJç

a

( mlççí: ½çávçç ½çá:

mçd / lçá

) Concrete examples…

mçd

in close proximity with Mçd /®çá

®çd

Mçdd ®çá (³çLççmç±îçcçd ..respectively) ½ç

cçvçmçd + ®çuççÆlç = cçvç½çuççÆlç ~

mçd

Mçd

MMç

jçcçmçd + Mçílçí = jçcçMMçílçí ~

lçd

®ç

®®ç

mçlçd + ®ççÆj$çcçd =mç®®ççÆj$çcçd ~

od

pçd

ppç

mçlçd + pçvç: = mçppçvç: ~

vçd

pçd

¡ç

MçççÆiç&vçd +pç³ç: =MçççÆiç&¡ç³ç:

sanskrit lesson 63. www.chitrapurmath.net

2 © Shri Chitrapur Math

b

MçMsçíeçÆì

Pç³çd first four of a

followed by

Mçd

Jçiç&

Mçd optionally converts into sd and if it is a lçd /od converts into

®çd concrete examples…

lçd

Mç

®s

ÞççÇcçlç +d Mç¹jçÞçcçç: = ÞççÇcç®s¹jçÞçcçç:

2.

äálJç äávççäá:

concrete examples…

mçd / lçá

mçd

in close proximity with <çd / ìá

<ç

<çd ìá (³çLççmç±îçcçd ..respectively) <<ç

jçcçmçd + <çÿ: = jçcç<<çÿ:

mçd

ìd

ä

jçcçmçd + ìçÇkçÀlçí =jçcçäçÇkçÀlçí

lçd

ìd

f

lçlçd + ìçÇkçÀç = lçfçÇkçÀç

<çd

lç

ä

F<ç: + lç: = Fä:

<çd

lç

ä

kç=À<çd + lç: = kç=Àä:

<çd

vç

kç=À<çd + vç: = kç=À
sanskrit lesson 63. www.chitrapurmath.net

3 © Shri Chitrapur Math

3.

pçMçlJç

a

Pçuççb pçMççíevlçí ~

Pçuçd ( all the

any mJçj or a

This generally happens between two different words. Concrete examples…

consonants minus the

cç=oá J³ç¡çvç

pçMçd

F&

iççÇ

corresponding

DçvçávçççÆmçkçÀJ³ç¡çvçççÆvç, ³çd jd uçd and Jçd ) kçdÀ

JççkçdÀ + F&Mç: =JççiççÇMç:

®çd

Dç

pç

Dç®çd + Dçvlç: =Dçpçvlç:

ìd

Dçç

[ç

<çìd + Dççvçvç: = <ç[çvçvç:

lçd

Dçç

oç

Slçlçd + Dççoç³ç = Slçoçoç³ç

lçd

F&

oçÇ

pçiçlçd + F&Mç: =pçiçoçÇMç:

lçd

Oçd

×d

%ççvççlçd + O³ççvçb = %ççvçç×îççvçb

b

Pçuççb pçMçd PççÆMç ~

Pçuçd ( all the

This generally happens in the middle of the word.

consonants minus the

Concrete examples…

Yçd

a cç=oá J³ç¡çvç

corresponding

Oçd

yOçd

pçMçd

DçvçávçççÆmçkçÀJ³ç¡çvçççÆvç, ³çd jd uçd and Jçd ) uçYçd + Oç: = uçyOç:~

sanskrit lesson 63. www.chitrapurmath.net

4 © Shri Chitrapur Math

Oçd

Oçd

×d

yçáOçd + çÆOç: = yçáçÆ×:~

4.

®çlJç& KççÆj ®ç ~

Pçuçd ( all the

kçÀþçíj J³ç¡çvç

consonants minus the

of each Jçiç&: +

DçvçávçççÆmçkçÀJ³ç¡çvçççÆvç,

Mçd <çd mçd )

³çd jd uçd and Jçd ) Concrete examples…

5

lççíçÆuç&

od

corresponding ®çjd ( first five

mçd

lmçd

DççHçod + mçá = DççHçlmçá

od

lçd

Êç

síod +lçç = síÊçç

od

lçd

Êç

Yçíod + lçç =YçíÊçç

lçá

uçd

lçJçiç& is replaced by uçd

vçd

uçd

vçd is replaced by a nasal uçd

~ concrete examples…

lçd

uçd

uçd

oÌv³ççlçd + uççíYç: = oÌv³ççuuççíYç:~

vçd

uçd

nasal uçd ~

Þç×çJççvçd + uçYçlçí =Þç×çJççBuuçYçlçí

6

DçvçávçççÆmçkçÀmççqvOç:

sanskrit lesson 63. www.chitrapurmath.net

5 © Shri Chitrapur Math

a

³çjçí evçávçççÆmçkçíÀ

³çjd includes all

evçávçççÆmçkçÀçí Jçç ~

the consonants excepting nd ~

followed by a nasal (_çd ,

)

Is replaced by its own corresponding nasal, optionally.

cçd

vcçd

cçd, *d , Cçd , vçd

³çjd occurring at the end of a Hço Concrete examples…

lçd

¬çÀçíOççlçd + cççín: ¬çÀçíOççvcççín: / ¬çÀçíOççod cççín: ~

b

Òçl³ç³çí Yçç<çç³ççb

³çjd

in cçd

çÆvçl³çcçd

concrete examples…

7.

Òçl³ç³ç ending

od

Òçl³ç³ççvçávçççÆmçkçÀ:

is replaced by its own corresponding nasal, compulsorily

DçvçávçççÆmçkçÀ:

çÆ®çod + cç³çcçd = çÆ®çvcç³çcçd

DçvçámJççj No need for a tabular note. All details at the end of this Sandhi chapter. Reminders…

cçd

Jç

nçÆjcçd + Jçvoí = nçÆjb Jçvoí

cçd

Hç

Hççþcçd + HçþçÆlç = Hççþb HçþçÆlç ~

sanskrit lesson 63. www.chitrapurmath.net

6 © Shri Chitrapur Math

8

vçMsJ³çÒçMççvçd

vçd occurring at the end of a Hço

followed by a

is replaced by

sJçd (sd þd Lçd ìd lçd) and then by an

Dçcçd (mJçjç: + nd , ³çd Jçd jd uçd , + DçvçávçççÆmçkçÀç:~ concrete examples…

vçd

®çd / sd

MçBd / Mçdb

lççvçd + ®ç = lççB½ç / lççb½ç

vçd

ìd / þd

<çBd / <çbd

lççvçd + þ¹çjçvçd = lççBÿ¹çjçvçd / lççbÿ¹çjçvçd

vçd

lçd / Lçd

mçdB / mçbd

Dçmcççvçd + lççj³ç = DçmcççBmlççj³ç / Dçmcççbmlççj³ç

DçHçJçço:

mççqvOç: vç YçJççÆlç

ÒçMççvçd This rule does not apply to ÒçMççvçd

sanskrit lesson 63. www.chitrapurmath.net

ÒçMççvçd + lçvççíçÆlç = ÒçMççvçd lçvççíçÆlç~

7 © Shri Chitrapur Math

1) ½çálJç mççqvOç: a) (mlççí: ½çávçç ½çá:)

mçd and a JçCç& belonging to lçá, in close proximity with Mçd and a JçCç& belonging to ®çá are replaced by Mçd and a JçCç& belonging to ®çá ~ Whenever there is a combination of mçd or lç Jçiç& (lçd, Lçd, od, Oçd, vçd) WITH (either before or after) Mçd or with the ®çJçiç& ( ®çd, sd, pçd, Pçd, _çd ) the mçd changes into Mçd and the lç Jçiç& changes into its corresponding ®ç Jçiç&

(³çLççmç±îçcçd ….that is respectively.) ~ ûççcççlçd + ®ççÆuçlç: = ûççcçç®®ççÆuçlç: ~ mçod + pçvç: = mçppçvç: ~ lççvçd + pç³ççÆlç = lçç¡ç³ççÆlç ~ Here are a few examples:

1. vç çÆn ÒçHçM³çççÆcç cçcççHçvçáÐççÐç®sçíkçÀcçá®sçí<çCççÆcççÆvê³ççCççcçd ~ DçJççH³ç YçÓcççJçmçHçlvçcç=×cçd jçp³çb mçájçCççcççÆHç ®çççÆOçHçl³çcçd ~~ iççÇ0 2-8 ~~ cçcççHçvçáÐçç-Ðç®sçíkçÀcçá®sçí<çCççÆcççÆvê³ççCççcçd cçcç DçHçvçáÐççlçd ³çlçd MççíkçÀcçd Glçd - Mççí<çCçcçd FçÆvê³ççCççcçd ( To figure out why Mçd has become sd , look at the next sandhi… MçMsçíeçÆì ~)

2. %ççvçb lçíenb mççÆJç%ççvççÆcçob Jç#³ççc³çMçí<çlç: ~ ³çp%ççlJçç vçín YçÓ³ççíev³çp%ççlçJ³çcçJççÆMç<³çlçí ~~ iççÇ0 7-2 ~~ ³çlçd %ççlJçç vç Fn YçÓ³ç: Dçv³çlçd %ççlçJ³çcçd DçJççÆMç<³çlçí

sanskrit lesson 63. www.chitrapurmath.net

8 © Shri Chitrapur Math

3. Dçç½ç³çç&lHçM³ççÆlç kçÀçÆ½çoívçcçç½ç³ç&JçÜoçÆlç lçLçÌJç ®ççv³ç: ~ Dçç½ç³ç&Jç®®çÌvçcçv³ç: Mç=CççíçÆlç ÞçálJççH³çívçb Jçío vç ®çÌJç kçÀçÆ½çlçd ~~ iççÇ0 2-29 ~~ Dçç½ç³ç&Jç®®ç = Dçç½ç³ç&Jçlçd ®ç 4. Þçí³ççí çÆn %ççvçcçY³ççmççp%ççvçç×d³ççvçb çÆJççÆMç<³çlçí ~ O³ççvççlkçÀcç&HçÀuçl³ççiçml³ççiçç®sççqvlçjvçvlçjcçd ~~ iççÇ0 12- 12 ~~ DçY³ççmççp%ççvçç×d³ççvçb = DçY³ççmççlçd %ççvççlçd b) MçMsçíeçÆì ~ Fully stated, Pç³ç: Mç: s: DççÆì ~ Here, in this sutra, the Pç³ç: is drawn from a previous sutra. If Pç³çd (first four of a Jçiç& ) is followed by Mçd then that Mçd is optionally replaced by sd ~ If the Mçd is followed by Dçìd , then if the Pç³çd JçCç& is a od , it will be converted into a pçd ( mlççí: ½çávçç ½çá: ) and then that pçd is converted into a ®çd ( KççÆj ®ç

....Refer to Sandhi No. 4 ). If it is a lçd , then it is replaced by ®çd ( mlççí: ½çávçç ½çá: ) ~ In lçá + Mçd , the lçá changes to ®çá and the Mçd changes to sd OR remains Mçd ~

ÞççÇcçlçd + Mç¹jçÞçcç: = ÞççÇcç®s¹jçÞçcç: ~ cçnlçd + MçkçÀìcçd = cçn®skçÀìcçd ~ 1. vç çÆn ÒçHçM³çççÆcç cçcççHçvçáÐççÐç®sçíkçÀcçá®sçí<çCççÆcççÆvê³ççCççcçd ~ DçJççH³ç YçÓcççJçmçHçlvçcç=×cçd jçp³çb mçájçCççcççÆHç ®çççÆOçHçl³çcçd ~~ iççÇ0 2-8 ~~ sanskrit lesson 63. www.chitrapurmath.net

9 © Shri Chitrapur Math

cçcççHçvçáÐçç-Ðç®sçíkçÀcçá®sçí<çCççÆcççÆvê³ççCççcçd cçcç DçHçvçáÐççlçd ³çlçd MççíkçÀcçd Glçd - Mççí<çCçcçd FçÆvê³ççCççcçd This could have been written as

cçcççHçvçáÐçç-Ðç®MççíkçÀcçá®Mççí<çCççÆcççÆvê³ççCççcçd 2. Þçí³ççí çÆn %ççvçcçY³ççmççp%ççvçç×d³ççvçb çÆJççÆMç<³çlçí ~ O³ççvççlkçÀcç&HçÀuçl³ççiçml³ççiçç®sççqvlçjvçvlçjcçd ~~ iççÇ0 12- 12~~ l³ççiçç®sççqvlç = l³ççiççlçd Mçççqvlç

2) äálJç mççqvOç: äávççäá: Fully stated, mlççí: äávççäá: ~ Here, in this sutra, the mlççí: is drawn from a previous sutra. mçd and a JçCç& belonging to lçá, in close proximity with <çd and a JçCç& belonging ìá are replaced by <çd and a JçCç& belonging to ìá ~ Whenever there is a combination of mçd or lç Jçiç& ( lçd, Lçd, od, Oçd, vçd ) WITH

<çd or with the ìJçiç& ( ìd, þd, [d, {d, Cçd ) the mçd changes into <çd and the lç Jçiç& changes into its corresponding ìJçiç& ~

jçcçmçd + <ç<þ: = jçcç<<çÿ: ~ F<çd + lç: = Fä: ~ çÆJç<çd + vçá: = çÆJç
sanskrit lesson 63. www.chitrapurmath.net

10 © Shri Chitrapur Math

3) pçMçlJç mççqvOç: a) Pçuççb pçMççíevlçí ~ Fully stated, Hçom³ç Dçvlçí Pçuççb pçMç: ~ Whenever there is a combination of Pçuçd ( all the consonants {minus the

DçvçávçççÆmçkçÀJ³ç¡çvçççÆvç }, ³çd jd uçd and Jçd ) WITH any mJçj or a cç=oá J³ç¡çvç, it changes into its corresponding pçMçd ( the third JçCç& of each Jçiç& ) ~ This happens only if the sandhi taking place is between two different words. If the sandhi is in the word itself then Pçuççb pçMçd PççÆMç is followed. (Basically it is the same sandhi but given a different name.)

nd having the same place of utterance as kçÀ Jçiç& ( kçÀCþ ) will be replaced with that corresponding JçCç& ~

Mçd having the same place of utterance as ®ç Jçiç& ( lççuç á) will be replaced with that corresponding JçCç&~

<çd having the same place of utterance as ì Jçiç& ( cçÓOçç& ) will be replaced with that corresponding JçCç& ~

mçd having the same place of utterance as lç Jçiç& ( ovlçç: ) will be replaced by that corresponding JçCç& ~

çqokçdÀ + Dçcyçj: = çÆoiçcyçj: ~ 1. vç çÆn ÒçHçM³çççÆcç cçcççHçvçáÐççÐç®sçíkçÀcçá®sçí<çCççÆcççÆvê³ççCççcçd ~ DçJççH³ç YçÓcççJçmçHçlvçcç=×cçd jçp³çb mçájçCççcççÆHç ®çççÆOçHçl³çcçd ~~ iççÇ0 2-8 ~~ cçcççHçvçáÐççÐç®sçíkçÀcçá®sçí<çCççÆcççÆvê³ççCççcçd cçcç DçHçvçáÐççlçd ³çlçd MççíkçÀcçd Glçd - Mççí<çCçcçd FçÆvê³ççCççcçd sanskrit lesson 63. www.chitrapurmath.net

11 © Shri Chitrapur Math

2. cçvçá<³ççCççb mçnñçí<çá kçÀçÆ½çÐçlççÆlç çÆmç×³çí ~ ³çlçlççcççÆHç çÆmç×çvççb kçÀçÆ½çvcççb JçíçÆÊç lçÊJçlç: ~~ iççÇ0 7-3 ~~ kçÀçÆ½çÐçlççÆlç = kçÀçÆ½çlçd ³çlççÆlç 3. Dçç½ç³çç&lHçM³ççÆlç kçÀçÆ½çoívçcçç½ç³ç&JçÜoçÆlç lçLçÌJç ®ççv³ç:~ Dçç½ç³ç&Jç®®çÌvçcçv³ç: Mç=CççíçÆlç ÞçálJççH³çívçb Jçío vç ®çÌJç kçÀçÆ½çlçd ~~ iççÇ0 2-29 ~~ kçÀçÆ½çoívçcçd =kçÀçÆ½çlçd Svçcçd Dçç½ç³ç&JçÜoçÆlç =Dçç½ç³ç&Jçlçd JçoçÆlç 4. ³çlkçÀjçíçÆ<ç ³çoMvçççÆmç ³çppçánçíçÆ<ç ooççÆmç ³çlçd ~ ³çÊçHçm³ççÆmç kçÀçÌvlçí³ç lçlkçáÀ©<Jç cçoHç&Cçcçd ~~ iççÇ0 9-27 ~~ ³çoMvçççÆmç =³çlçd DçMvçççÆmç ³çppçánçíçÆ<ç = ³çlçd pçánçíçÆ<ç cçoHç&Cçcçd = cçlçd DçHç&Cçcçd 5. Þçí³ççí çÆn %ççvçcçY³ççmççp%ççvçç×îççvçb çÆJççÆMç<³çlçí ~ O³ççvççlkçÀcç&HçÀuçl³ççiçml³ççiçç®sççqvlçjvçvlçjcçd ~~ iççÇ0 12- 12 ~~ %ççvçç×îççvçb = %ççvççlçd O³ççvçb b) Pçuççb pçMçd PççÆMç ~ Whenever there is a combination of Pçuçd (J³ç¡çvçcçd) WITH any PçMçd

( cç=oáJ³ç¡çvçcçd ) it changes into its corresponding pçMçd ( third consonant) ~ This generally happens in the middle of the word. yçáOçd + çÆOç: = yçáçÆ×:~

uçYçd + Oç: = uçyOç:~ sanskrit lesson 63. www.chitrapurmath.net

12 © Shri Chitrapur Math

4) ®çlJç& mççqvOç: KççÆj ®ç ~ Fully stated, KççÆj Hçjí Pçuççb ®çjd ~ Here, in this sutra, the ®çjd (first consonant of each Jçiç&: + Mçd, <çd, mçd) is drawn from a previous sutra. Whenever there is a combination of Pçuçd WITH a kçÀþçíj J³ç¡çvç, it changes into its corresponding ®çjd ~

DççHçod + mçá = DççHçlmçá ~ 1. Dçç½ç³çç&lHçM³ççÆlç kçÀçÆ½çoívçcçç½ç³ç&JçÜoçÆlç lçLçÌJç ®ççv³ç:~ Dçç½ç³ç&Jç®®çÌvçcçv³ç: Mç=CççíçÆlç ÞçálJççH³çívçb Jçío vç ®çÌJç kçÀçÆ½çlçd ~~ iççÇ0 2-29 ~~ Dçç½ç³çç&lçd + HçM³ççÆlç = Dçç½ç³çç&lHçM³ççÆlç ~ ( lçd does not get converted into od because it is followed by a kçÀþçíjJ³ç¡çvçcçd )

2. ³çlkçÀjçíçÆ<ç ³çoMvçççÆmç ³çppçánçíçÆ<ç ooççÆmç ³çlçd ~ ³çÊçHçm³ççÆmç kçÀçÌvlçí³ç lçlkçáÀ©<Jç cçoHç&Cçcçd ~~ iççÇ0 9-27 ~~ ³çlkçÀjçíçÆ<ç =³çlçd kçÀjçíçÆ<ç ³çÊçHçm³ççÆmç = ³çlçd lçHçm³ççÆmç lçlkçáÀ©<Jç =lçlçd kçáÀ©<Jç 3. Þçí³ççí çÆn %ççvçcçY³ççmççp%ççvçç×d³ççvçb çÆJççÆMç<³çlçí ~ O³ççvççlkçÀcç&HçÀuçl³ççiçml³ççiçç®sççqvlçjvçvlçjcçd ~~ iççÇ0 12- 12 ~~ O³ççvççlkçÀcç&HçÀuç = O³ççvççlçd kçÀcç&HçÀuç

sanskrit lesson 63. www.chitrapurmath.net

13 © Shri Chitrapur Math

5) lççíçÆuç& Fully stated, lççí: ( <çìîçvlç lçá ) çÆuç ( uçkçÀçjí Hçjí ) HçjmçJçCç&: ~ A consonant of lçJçiç& followed by uçd is replaced by one homogenous with the latter - HçjmçJçCç& - in this case, uçd ~

oÌv³ççlçd uççíYç: - oÌv³ççuuççíYç: ~ Dççyç´ïçYçáJçvççuuççíkçÀç: - YçáJçvççlçd uççíkçÀç: ~ vçd is replaced by a nasal uçd ~ Þç×çJççBuuçYçlçí %ççvçcçd - Þç×çJççvçd uçYçlçí ~ 1. cçÓ{ pçnçÇçÆn Oçvççiçcçlç=
6) DçvçávçççÆmçkçÀmççqvOç: a) ³çjçí evçávçççÆmçkçíÀ evçávçççÆmçkçÀçí Jçç ~ Fully stated, Hçoçvlçm³ç ³çj: DçvçávçççÆmçkçíÀ Hçjí DçvçávçççÆmçkçÀ: Jçç ~

³çjd includes all the consonants excepting nd ~ ³çjd occurring at the end of a Hço followed by a nasal ( _çd , cçd , *d , Cçd , vçd ) is replaced by its own corresponding nasal, optionally. ¬çÀçíOççlçd cççín: = ¬çÀçíOççvcççín: / ¬çÀçíOççod cççín: ~

Slçvcçí mçbMç³çb kç=À
sanskrit lesson 63. www.chitrapurmath.net

14 © Shri Chitrapur Math

1. ³çmcççVççí çÆÜpçlçí uççíkçÀçí uççíkçÀçVççíçÆÜpçlçí ®ç ³ç: ~ n<çç&cç<ç&Yç³ççíÜíiçÌcç&ákçwlççí ³ç: mç ®ç cçí çÆÒç³ç: ~~ iççÇ0 12-15 ~~ ³çmcççVççí = ³çmcççlçd vççí uççíkçÀçVççí = uççíkçÀçlçd vççí b) Òçl³ç³çí Yçç<çç³ççb çÆvçl³çcçd ~~ ( JçççÆlç&kçÀ ) The rule ³çjçí evçávçççÆmçkçíÀ evçávçççÆmçkçÀçí Jçç is compulsory if the Òçl³ç³ç that is added ends in cçd ~

çÆkçÀ³çlçd + cçç$çcçd = çÆkçÀ³çvcçç$çcçd - of little value.

7) DçvçámJççj mççqvOç:~ a) cççíevçámJççj:~ Fully stated, cç: DçvçámJççj: nçÆuç Hçjí - ( nçÆuç is drawn from a previous mçÓ$ç ) - cçd, at the end of a Hçod is : 1 ) replaced by an DçvçámJççj if it is followed by a consonant. 2) when it appears at the end of a Hço or at the end of a sentence, it remains as it is.

1. cçÓ{ pçnçÇçÆn Oçvççiçcçlç=
çÆkçbÀ kçÀjçíçÆ<ç / çÆkçÀ¹jçíçÆ<ç ~ ®çvêb HçM³ççÆlç / ®çvêcHçM³ççÆlç ~ sanskrit lesson 63. www.chitrapurmath.net

15 © Shri Chitrapur Math

c) vç½ççHçoçvlçm³ç PççÆuç ~

vçd and cçd not at the end of a Hço are replaced by an DçvçámJççj when followed by Pçuçd - ³çMççbçÆmç ~ d) DçvçámJççjm³ç ³ççÆ³ç HçjmçJçCç&: ~ When DçvçámJççj is followed by a ³ç³çd JçCç& it is replaced by an DçvçávçççÆmçkçÀ which is homogenous to the latter. Hç¹pç: ~ mççÆgçlç: ~ kçÀCþ ~ kçÀçvlçç ~

8) vçMsJ³çÒçMççvçd ~ (Cracked it!!!! Here's why it is kçÀçqmcçbçÆ½çlçd

and not kçÀçqmcççÆgçlçd

!!!!)

vçd occurring at the end of a Hço is replaced by © if followed by a sJçd and then by an Dçcçd ~ This rule does not apply to ÒçMççvçd ( an avyaya meaning "tranquil") ~ ( Please have a look at the table for clear examples.)

•

Dç$ççvçávçççÆmçkçÀ: HçÓJç&m³ç lçá Jçç ~

The JçCç& preceding © is optionally nasalised. •

DçvçávçççÆmçkçÀçlHçjçíe vçámJççj:~

When it is not nasalised an DçvçámJççj is added. Thus

kçÀçqmcçvçd çÆ®çlçd = kçÀçqmcçjd çÆ®çlçd ~ vçMsJ³çÒçMççvçd ~ = kçÀçqmcçBjd çÆ®çlçd ~ Dç$ççvçávçççÆmçkçÀ: HçÓJç&m³ç lçá Jçç ~ or = kçÀçqmcçbjd çÆ®çlçd ~ DçvçávçççÆmçkçÀçlHçjçíevçámJççj: ~ This jd is replaced by the çÆJçmçiç& and later by mçd ~ Then the mççqvOç: rules are followed to give either a kçÀçqmcçBçÆ½çlçd ~ or a kçÀçqmcçbçÆ½çlçd

~

Similarly, YçJççvçd ®çjçÆlç = YçJççjd ®çjçÆlç = YçJççBjd ®çjçÆlç /YçJççbjd ®çjçÆlç sanskrit lesson 63. www.chitrapurmath.net

16 © Shri Chitrapur Math

= YçJççB½çjçÆlç / YçJççb½çjçÆlç ~

ÒççCççbml³çkçwlJçç - ÒççCççvçd l³çkçwlJçç ~~ iççÇ0 1-33 ~ Òç%ççJççoçb½ç Yçç<çmçí - Òç%ççJççoçvçd ®ç ~~ iççÇ0 2-11 ~ But not in the case of ÒçMççvçd çÆlçÿçÆlç ~

1. DçMççí®³ççvçvJçMççí®çmlJçb Òç%ççJççoçb½ç Yçç<çmçí ~ içlççmçÓvçiçlççmçÓb½ç vççvçáMççí®ççqvlç HççqC[lçç: ~~ iççÇ0 2-11~ Òç%ççJççoçb½ç = Òç%ççJççoçvçd ®ç DçiçlççmçÓb½ç = DçiçlççmçÓvçd ®ç *** You may not require to know any more sandhis than the ones listed in this lesson. If you do come across undecipherable ones, please write. We'll respond to individual requests.

sanskrit lesson 63. www.chitrapurmath.net

17 © Shri Chitrapur Math

Lesson 64.

mçcççmç-çÆJç®ççj: Samas Vichar. A long long time ago, everything that needed to be passed from generation to generation was done in the form of verse. Verse was the only means of ensuring that knowledge was protected. It may have been years since we've left school, but who has forgotten 'Jack and Jill'? Prose, on the other hand, has been relegated to the back alleys of our mind.

In the midst of all this poetic creativity, a natural problem reared its head. Sanskrit is the only language in the classical world which makes use of Òçl³ç³çs. The use of Òçl³ç³ç s helps every single word to have an identity and a meaning of its very own. But fitting the word + Òçl³ç³ç into a metre in verse form was a difficult task indeed. "What to do?" asked a poet. "No problem! Let's create a shortcut," said another. And mçcççmç came into being. mçcççmç, mç cç mç was the original SMS… Short Message Service. Be proud guys, we created it!!!!!! I kid you not. There does exist such a verb: Dçnb mçcçm³çççÆcç does indeed mean 'I am creating a synopsis…. or in our layman terms… a shortcut.' mçcççmç allows a person to string two words together to form one single word. And "ishortcut ishtyle" the first word is written without an appropriate Òçl³ç³ç. For example instead of saying jç%ç: Hçá$ç: I'd say jçpçHçá$ç: and still make complete sense. Why does Devdas have to romance his love with a long drawn out, "You have such a beautiful face just like the moon!" All he'd do is say "DççÆ³ç ®çvêcçáçÆKç" Devdas too, by the way, is a mçcççmç word. oíJçm³ç oçmç: , oíJçoçmç: ~ The difference between a mççÆvOç: and a mçcççmç: would be that in the former, two letters combine to form a single whole letter or a conjoined letter( either in the middle of a word or between two words to form a single word) and in the sanskrit lesson 64. www.chitrapurmath.net

1 © Shri Chitrapur Math

latter, two words are placed side by side (without the need for a mççÆvOç: to take place) to form a single word. In a mçcççmç: , the mçcçmlçHço is the compound word… oíJçoçmç: ~ çÆJçûçn is when you break it up into its components….. oíJçm³ç oçmç: ~ Naturally, it is with time that you will figure out in which combinations these work out, for example oçmçoíJç: would not be correct. And it is with time that you will figure out which words can be made a mçcççmç of. For example, JçvçÒççHlç: is allowed and NOT JçvçÒççHlçJççvçd ~ Not to worry. In this case at least …Time will wait for the Sanskrit enthusiast!

Note: This lesson is to help you figure out what mçcççmç words mean whenever you come across them in your course of reading. You also now have the wherewithal to form your own combination words intelligently. Another thing to remember is that people are all made differently. Many a time you will find that someone may have formed a mçcççmç in one way and you may prefer another. Both may be correct. So just relax and enjoy learning something new.

mçcççmç can be divided into 6 classes according to the sense that they convey when dissolved.

ÜvÜçí çÆÜiçájçÆHç ®ççnb cçodiçíní çÆvçl³çcçJ³ç³ççÇYççJç: ~ lçlHçá©<ç kçÀcç&Oççj³ç ³çívççnb m³ççb yçnáJç´çÇçÆn: ~~ For our convenience, I have divided them into 9 groups. I have been better able to retain the information with a wider classification like that.

sanskrit lesson 64. www.chitrapurmath.net

2 © Shri Chitrapur Math

1. DçJ³ç³ççÇYççJç: A word which conveys a meaning, is a part of the mçcççmç which, after the combination of the two words, becomes an DçJ³ç³ç~ For example: add mçá to indicate mççÌYççi³ç 'lots of goodness.' mçácç²uçcçd = cç²uççvççb mçcç=çÆ×: lots of auspiciousness. 2. lçlHçá©<ç: In this mçcççmç, the second word of the mçcççmç is given importance. For example: oíJçoçmç: = oíJçm³ç oçmç:~ The first part of the word is simply an apt description of the second. We are talking about the oçmç: here and not the oíJç: ~ 3. kçÀcç&Oççj³ç: In this mçcççmç, one word is an adjective of the other. It is a part of the lçlHçá©<ç:, but we shall list it separately for convenience's sake. For example: vççÇuççílHçuçcçd = vççÇuçcçd GlHçuçcçd ~ 4. çÆÜiçá: In this mçcççmç, which is a part of the kçÀcç&Oççj³ç:, the first word is a number; how many in a collection of things. For example : HçgçJçìçÇ =

Hçgççvççb Jçìçvççb mçcççnçj: ~ 5. ÜvÜ: Be sure to look out for the ®ç between words in the çÆJçûçn: of this mçcççmç:!!! For example: nçÆjnjiçájJç:/nçÆjiçá©njç: =nçÆj½ç nj½ç içá©½ç ~ 6. yçnáJç´çÇçÆn: When two words are put together to imply something totally different, yçnáJç´çÇçÆn: is what you see. For example: ®çvêcççÌçÆuç: = ®çvê: cççÌuççÌ

³çm³ç mç: ~ Here, we are neither giving importance to the moon or to the forehead but the Person who is adorned so: Shiva. 7. DçuçákçdÀmçcççmç: is not really a different mçcççmç: ~ Whenever, two words are put together and the çÆJçYççqkçwlç of the first word remains intact, sanskrit lesson 64. www.chitrapurmath.net

3 © Shri Chitrapur Math

then mçcççmç: takes place. Depending on the mçcççmç: itself, it can be any of the above mçcççmç: s. For example: ³çáçÆOççÆÿj: = ³çáçÆOç çqmLçj: ~ 8. vç_çdmçcççmç:

is not really a different mçcççmç: ~ Whenever you wish to

convey 'the absence' of something, this mçcççmç: is used. For example:

DççÆJçIvç: = vç çÆJçIvç: ~ 9. GHçHçomçcççmç: see how the noun is described here.. DçYç³ç¹j: = DçYç³çb

kçÀjçíçÆlç FçÆlç ~ mçcççmç: is a vast topic. Sorry, I made a mistake, a VAST TOPIC. We need to be practical about such things. We can't handle it all at this stage. Let's go over a few details to help us decode what we may most often come across. A tabular column will help. 1. DçJ³ç³ççÇYççJçmçcççmç: ~ You will recognize the DçJ³ç³ççÇYççJçmçcççmç: in words 1. Where the first part of the word is an DçJ³ç³ç or a çÆvçHççlç (çÆvçHççlçç: are particles which possess no gender and number and the case termination after which is dropped or elided. For example ®çço³ç: (®ç and others) and Òçço³ç: (Òç and others). 2. The second part of the word is a noun (mç_%çç). 3. The combined word is an DçJ³ç³ç and is vçHçáb. SkçÀJç®çvçcçd ~ 4. The combined word mçcçmlçHçocçd is different from the çÆJçûçn:, because the conveys a DçJ³ç³ç special meaning to the noun. Addition of DçJ³ç³ç

mçcçmlçHçocçd

çÆJçûçn:

DççÆOçnçÆj

njçÌ FçÆlç

to mean

DççÆOç

in, on

sanskrit lesson 64. www.chitrapurmath.net

4 © Shri Chitrapur Math

GHç

closeness

çÆvçmçd or çÆvçjdd

GHçkç=À
kç=À
çÆvçpç&vçcçd

pçvççvççcçd DçYççJç:

DçvçájLçcçd

jLçm³ç Hç½ççlçd

ÒççÆlççÆovçcçd

çÆovçb çÆovçcçd

absence

Dçvçá

behind/

following

ÒççÆlç

every

³çLçç in that manner

³çLççMççÆÊçÀ

no spelling

MççÆÊçÀcçvççÆlç¬çÀc³ç

error here. There is no visarga. All these words are DçJ³ç³çs remember?

mç

with/

mçpçvçkçÀcçd

mçç¢M³çcçd

resembling

Dçç beyond / upto

pçvçkçíÀvç mçn /pçvçkçÀm³ç

DçççÆncççuç³çcçd

Dçç çÆncççuç³ççlçd ( ®ççÇvçoíMç: )

DççcçáçÆÊçÀ

Dçç cçákçwlçí: ( cçáçÆÊçÀ lçkçÀ, cçáçÆÊçÀ kçíÀ HçÓJç& )

yççÆn:

outside

Dçvçá near/ towards

DççyççuçJç=×cçd

a life span ( !! )

yççÆnûçç&cçcçd

ûççcççlçd yççÆn:

DçvçákçÓÀuçcçd towards the bank against the bank

ÒççÆlç a) away from

ÒççÆlçkçÓÀuçcçd

(opposite of the meaning in the above row) b) repetition

ÒççÆlççÆovçcçd

çÆovçí çÆovçí

mçá abundance,

mçácçêcçd

cçêçCççb mçcç=çÆ×:

oá³ç&Jçvçcçd

³çJçvççvççb J³ç=çÆ×:

prosperity

oájd adversity, poverty sanskrit lesson 64. www.chitrapurmath.net

5 © Shri Chitrapur Math

DççÆlç destruction,

DççÆlççÆncçcçd

çÆncçm³ç Dçl³ç³ç:

DççÆlç inappropriate

DççÆlççÆvçêcçd

çÆvçêç mçcÒççÆlç vç ³çáp³çlçí

FçÆlç utterance of

FçÆlç nçÆj

nçÆjMçyom³ç ÒçkçÀçMç:

Dçç a) starting from

a) Dççpçvcç

a) pçvcçvç: DççjY³ç

b) uptil

b) DççcçjCçcçd

b) cçjCçHç³ç&vlçcçd

end of

sound

2. lçlHçá©<çmçcççmç: ~

lçlHçá©<çmçcççmç: is that mçcççmç: wherein the first word-part's çÆJçYççqkçwlç-Òçl³ç³ç is dropped. Depending on which çÆJçYççqkçwlç-Òçl³ç³ç that first part would have taken if broken into it's çÆJçûçn:, the lçlHçá©<çmçcççmç: is given that particular name. For example: çÆÜlççÇ³ççlçlHçá©<ç: ~ Go over the short explanation of lçlHçá©<çmçcççmç: at the very beginning of this lesson. Note: The word lçlHçá©<ç: itself will help you remember what mçcççmç: this involves. lçm³ç Hçá©<ç: = lçlHçá©<ç: !!

sanskrit lesson 64. www.chitrapurmath.net

6 © Shri Chitrapur Math

çÆÜlççÇ³ççlçlHçá©<ç:

mçcçmlçHçocçd

çÆJçûçn:

MçjCççiçlç:

MçjCçcçd Dççiçlç:

oá:KççlççÇlç:

oá:Kçcçd DçlççÇlç:

kç=À
kç=À
ûççcçÒççHlç:

ûççcçb ÒççHlç:

MççíkçÀHççÆlçlç:

MççíkçbÀ HççÆlçlç:

cçíIççl³çmlç:

cçíIçcçd Dçl³çmlç:

Yç³çcççHçVç:

Yç³çcçd DççHçVç:

ûççcçiçcççÇ

ûççcçb içcççÇ

DçVçyçáYçá#çá:

DçVçb yçáYçá#çá:

sanskrit lesson 64. www.chitrapurmath.net

7 © Shri Chitrapur Math

lç=lççÇ³ççlçlHçá©<ç:

yççCççnlç:

yççCçívç Dççnlç:

Kç[diçnlç:

Kç[diçívç nlç:

çÆMçJçç$ççlç:

çÆMçJç³çç $ççlç:

çÆMçJç$ççlç:

çÆMçJçívç $ççlç:

çÆJçÐççnçÇvç:

çÆJçÐç³çç nçÇvç:

%ççvçMçÓv³ç:

%ççvçívç MçÓv³ç:

cççlç=mç¢Mç:

cçç$çç mç¢Mç:

çÆHçlç=lçáu³ç:

çÆHç$çç lçáu³ç:

nçÆj$ççlç:

nçÆjCçç $ççlç:

lçlkç=Àlçcçd

lçívç kç=Àlçcçd

kçÀççÆuçoçmçjçÆ®çlçcçd

kçÀççÆuçoçmçívç jçÆ®çlçcçd

cççmçHçÓJç&:

cççmçívç HçÓJç&:

Yç´çlç=mçcç:

Yç´ç$çç mçcç:

Oççv³ççívçcçd

Oççv³çívç Tvçcçd

Oççv³çíçÆJçkçÀuçcçd

Oççv³çívç çÆJçkçÀuçcçd

JççkçwkçÀuçn:

Jçç®çç kçÀuçn:

Dçç®ççjkçáÀMçuç:

Dçç®ççjíCç kçáÀMçuç:

Mçkç&ÀjççÆcçÞçcçd

Mçkç&Àj³çç çÆcçÞçcçd

içá[³çákçwlçcçd

içá[ívç ³çákçwlçcçd

kçáÀfvçMuç#çCçcçd

kçáÀfvçívç Muç#çCçcçd

cççmççJçj:

cççmçívç DçJçj:

And that is the sole reason why you cannot have oC[lçççÆ[lçJççvçd as a lç=lççÇ³çç

lçlHçá©<ç: ~ lçççÆ[lçJççvçd is a Present active participle and doesn't fit with the rules stated above. Instead, you may have a oC[lçççÆ[lç: ~ Gottit?

sanskrit lesson 64. www.chitrapurmath.net

8 © Shri Chitrapur Math

®çlçáLççalçlHçá©<ç:

mçcçmlçHçocçd

çÆJçûçn:

kçáÀC[uççÆnjC³çcçd

kçáÀC[uçç³ç çÆnjC³çcçd

³çÓHçoç©

³çÓHçç³ç oç©

kçáÀcYçcç=çÆÊçkçÀç

kçáÀcYçç³ç cç=çÆÊçkçÀç

çÆÜpççLç&:

çÆÜpçç³ç Dç³çcçd

for eg: mçÓHç:

sç$ççLçç&

sç$çç³ç F³çcçd

for eg: ³çJççiçÓ:

çÆMçMJçLç&cçd

çÆMçMçJçí Focçd

for eg: oáiOçcçd

YçÓlçyççÆuç:

YçÓlçíY³ççí yççÆuç:

iççíçÆnlçcçd

içJçí çÆnlçcçd

Note: The compound içá©oçÆ#çCçç cannot be separated into içájJçí oçÆ#çCç ~ The çÆJçûçn: has to be içájçí: oçÆ#çCçç ~

sanskrit lesson 64. www.chitrapurmath.net

9 © Shri Chitrapur Math

HçgçcççÇlçlHçá©<ç:

Exceptions

mçcçmlçHçocçd

çÆJçûçn:

®ççíjYç³çcçd

®ççíjçlçd Yç³çcçd

Jç=kçÀYççÇçÆlç:

Jç=kçÀçlçd YççÇçÆlç:

J³ççIç´YççÇlç:

J³ççIç´çlçd YççÇlç:

Dç³çMççíYççÇ:

Dç³çMçmç: YççÇ:

ûççcççÆvçiç&lç:

ûççcççlçd çÆvçiç&lç:

DçOçcç&pçáiçáHmçá:

DçOçcçç&od pçáiçáHmçá:

mJçiç&HççÆlçlç:

mJçiçç&lçd HççÆlçlç:

HççHçcçákçwlç:

HççHççlçd cçákçwlç:

DççÆvlçkçÀçoçiçlç:

DççÆvlçkçÀçlçd Dççiçlç: (DççÆvlçkçÀ)

oÓjçoçiçlç:

oÓjçlçd Dççiçlç: (oÓj)

mlççíkçÀçvcçákçwlç:

mlççíkçÀçlçd cçákçwlç: (mlççíkçÀ)

sanskrit lesson 64. www.chitrapurmath.net

10 © Shri Chitrapur Math

<çÿçÇlçlHçá©<ç:

Exceptions

mçcçmlçHçocçd

çÆJçûçn:

jçpçHçá©<ç:

jç%ç: Hçá©<ç:

oíJçHçÓpçkçÀ:

oíJçm³ç HçÓpçkçÀ:

F&éçjYçkçwlç:

F&éçjm³ç Yçkçwlç:

oíJççuç³ç:

oíJçm³ç Dççuç³ç:

mçJç&cçnçvçd

mçJçx<ççb cçnÊçj:

mçJç&éçílç:

mçJçx<ççb MJçílçlçj:

-

DçVçm³ç Hçç®çkçÀ: (DçkçÀ Òçl³ç³ç:)

-

Oçvçm³ç nlçç& (lç=®çd Òçl³ç³ç:)

-

pçiçlç: ñçäç (lç=®çd Òçl³ç³ç:)

-

Içìm³ç kçÀlçç& (lç=®çd Òçl³ç³ç:)

-

yç´çïçCçm³ç kçÀÊç&J³çcçd (lçJ³ç Òçl³ç³ç:)

-

yç´çïçCçm³ç kç=ÀlJçç (DçJ³ç³ç)

-

jç%ççb HçÓçÆpçlç: (kçwlç Òçl³ç³ç: added to HçÓpçd)

mçHlçcççÇlçlHçá©<ç:

JççÇCççÒçJççÇCç:

JççÇCçç³ççb ÒçJççÇCç:

JçíoHççqC[lç:

Jçíoí HççqC[lç:

kçÀçJ³çkçáÀMçuç:

kçÀçJ³çí kçáÀMçuç:

Mççm$ççÆvçHçáCç:

Mççm$çí<çá çÆvçHçáCç:

kçÀç³ç&®çHçuç:

kçÀç³çx ®çHçuç:

pçuçuççÇvç:

pçuçí uççÇvç:

pçuçcçivç:

pçuçí cçivç:

kçÀç³ç&®çlçáj:

kçÀç³çx ®çlçáj:

mLççuççÇHçkçwJç:

mLççu³ççb HçkçwJç:

sanskrit lesson 64. www.chitrapurmath.net

11 © Shri Chitrapur Math

ÒçççÆo lçlHçá©<ç

mçcçmlçHçocçd

çÆJçûçn:

Òçç®çç³ç&:

Òçiçlç: Dçç®çç³ç&:

ÒççÆHçlççcçn:

Òçiçlç: çÆHçlççcçn:

DççÆlçcç³çç&o:

DççÆlç¬çÀçvlç: cç³çç&ocçd

Òçl³ç#ç:

ÒççÆlçiçlç: Dç#çcçd

GÜíuç:

GÃlç: Jçíuççcçd

çÆvçiç&=n:

çÆvçiç&lç: iç=nçlçd

3. kçÀcç&Oççj³çmçcççmç: ~ This one is really simple. Whenever two words, one which is an adjective of the other, are combined, you have a kçÀcç&Oççj³çmçcççmç: ~ So you will have a combination of a çÆJçMçí<çCç and a çÆJçMçí<³ç, an GHçcççvç and an GHçcçí³ç ~ Since one is a

çÆJçMçí<çCç of the other, naturally, when a çÆJçûçn: is formed, both the words will be in the same çÆJçYççÆÊçÀ:~ You may see the words ®ç DçmççÌ, FJç, SJç, in the çÆJçûçn: to reinforce the relationship between the two words.

mçá meaning "beautiful/ good" and kçáÀ (kçáÀçqlmçlç) meaning "bad" are added to words to form a kçÀcç&Oççj³çmçcççmç:~ Note: Why has this particular mçcççmç: been called kçÀcç&Oççj³ç:? Simple. Let's look at an example… vççÇuççílHçuçcçd ~ GlHçuçb vççÇuçJçCç¥ Oççj³ççÆlç ~ vççÇuçb becomes the object in the sentence. Similarly, içá©oíJç: ~ içá©: oíJçm³ç Hçob Oççj³ççÆlç ~ Alternatively it could be: oíJç: içájçí:

ªHçb Oççj³ççÆlç ~ If you look at the examples in the tabular column, you'll begin to see how one of the words "becomes" the object of the other. Even if that may not be an authentic explanation, why must we reject it if it helps us remember what the kçÀcç&Oççj³çmçcççmç: is?!! sanskrit lesson 64. www.chitrapurmath.net

12 © Shri Chitrapur Math

kçÀcç&Oççj³çmçcççmç:

mçcçmlçHçocçd

çÆJçûçn:

cçnçoíJç:

cçnçvçd ®ç DçmççÌ oíJç:

kç=À
kç=À
vççÇuççílHçuçcçd

vççÇuçcçd GlHçuçcçd

oçÇIç&jppçá:

oçÇIçç& jppçá:

kçáÀmçácçkçÀçícçuçcçd

kçáÀmçácçcçd FJç kçÀçícçuçcçd

®çvêcçáKçcçd

®çvê FJç cçáKçcçd

cçáKçHç¨çcçd

cçáKçb Hç¨çcçd FJç

cçáKçkçÀcçuçcçd

cçáKçb kçÀcçuçcçd FJç

Hçá©<ççÆmçbn:

Hçá©<ç: çÆmçbn: FJç

kç=À
kç=À
mvççlççvçáçÆuçHlç:

mvççlç½ç DçvçáçÆuçHlç½ç (kçwlç Òçl³ç³ççvlç çÆJçMçí<çCçs)

®çjç®çjcçd

®çjgç Dç®çjgç (opposites)

içá©oíJç:

içá©: SJç oíJç:

çÆJçÐççOçvçcçd

çÆJçÐçç SJç Oçvçcçd

lçHççíOçvçcçd

lçHç: SJç Oçvçcçd

JçíomçcHçlçd

Jçío: SJç mçcHçlçd

Dç³ççíO³ççvçiçjçÇ

Dç³ççíO³çç FçÆlç vçiçjçÇ

Dççcç´Jç=#ç:

Dççcç´: FçÆlç Jç=#ç:

kçáÀHçá$ç:

kçáÀçqlmçlç: Hçá$ç:

kçáÀcççlçç

kçáÀçqlmçlçç cççlçç

mçáHçá©<ç:

MççíYçvç: Hçá©<ç:

mçápçvç:

MççíYçvç: pçvç:

mJççiçlçcçd

MççíYçvçcçd Dççiçlçcçd

sanskrit lesson 64. www.chitrapurmath.net

13 © Shri Chitrapur Math

4. çÆÜiçámçcççmç: ~

mçcççmç with numbers!! Just the examples themselves will help you figure out what is what!

çÆÜiçámçcççmç:

mçcçmlçHçocçd

çÆJçûçn:

HçgçiçJçcçd

Hçgççvççb içJççb mçcççnçj:

HçgçHçç$çcçd

Hçgççvççb Hçç$ççCççb mçcççnçj:

çÆ$çYçáJçvçcçd

$ç³ççCççb YçáJçvççvççb mçcççnçj:

®çlçá³ç&áiçcçd /®çlçá³ç&áiççÇ

®çlçáCçç¥ ³çáiççvççb mçcççnçj:

mçHlççn:

mçHlççvççcçd DçÚçb mçcççnçj:

vçJçjç$çcçd / vçJçjç$ççÇ

vçJççvççb jç$ççÇCççb mçcççnçj:

çÆ$çuççíkçÀçÇ

$ç³ççCççb uççíkçÀçvççb mçcççnçj: (DçkçÀçjçvlç – uççíkçÀ – kçíÀJçuçb m$ççÇçÆuç²í)

HçgçcçÓuççÇ

Hçgççvççb cçÓuççvççb mçcççnçj: (DçkçÀçjçvlç – cçÓuç – kçíÀJçuçb m$ççÇçÆuç²í)

HçgçJçìçÇ

Hçgççvççb Jçìçvççb mçcççnçj: (DçkçÀçjçvlç – Jçì – kçíÀJçuçb m$ççÇçÆuç²í)

MçlççyoçÇ

Mçlççvççcçd Dçyoçvççb mçcççnçj:

<ççCcççlçáj:

<çCCççb cççlç¨Cççcçd DçHçl³çcçd

ÜÌcççlçáj:

Ü³ççí: cçç$ççí: DçHçl³çcçd

HçgçiçJçOçvç:

Hçgç iççJç: Oçvçb ³çm³ç mç:

HçgçKçìdJççÇ / HçgçKçìdJçcçd

Hçgççvççb KçìdJççvççb mçcççnçj: (DççkçÀçjçvlç – KçìdJçç)

sanskrit lesson 64. www.chitrapurmath.net

14 © Shri Chitrapur Math

5. ÜvÜmçcççmç: ~ Just take a look at the examples. Easy. Between every word, be sure to add the ®ç . A compound of two words will be dual and a compound of more than two will be in the plural. A point to be noted is that words beginning with a vowel and words ending in DçkçÀçjçvlç should come first.

mçcçmlçHçocçd

çÆJçûçn:

nçÆjnjçÌ

nçÆj½ç nj½ç (FkçÀçjçvlç words before DçkçÀçjçvlç)

F&Mçkç=À
F&Mç½ç kç=À
DçéçjLçívêç: / FvêçéçjLçç:

Dçéç½ç jLç½ç Fvê½ç

çÆMçJçkçíÀMçJççÌ

çÆMçJç½ç kçíÀMçJç½ç

ûççÇ
ûççÇ
nícçvlççÆMççÆMçjJçmçvlçç:

nícçvlç½ç çÆMççÆMçj½ç Jçmçvlç½ç

cççlçççÆHçlçjçÌ

cççlçç ®ç çÆHçlçç ®ç

HçççÆCçHççocçd

HççCççÇ ®ç HççoçÌ ®ç Slçí<ççb mçcççnçj:

jçÆLçkçÀçéççjçíncçd

jçÆLçkçÀç½ç Dçéççjçínçæ½ç Slçí<ççb mçcççnçj:

kçÀçkçÀçíuçÓkçÀcçd

kçÀçkçÀ½ç GuçÓkçÀ½ç Dçvç³ççí: mçcççnçj:

Hçá$çHççÌ$çcçd

Hçá$ç½ç HççÌ$ç½ç Dçvç³ççí: mçcççnçj:

oçmççÇoçmçcçd

oçmççÇ ®ç oçmç½ç Dçvç³ççí: mçcççnçj:

Hçá$çHççÌ$çcçd

Hçá$ç½ç HççÌ$ç½ç Dçvç³ççí: mçcççnçj:

SkçÀçMçí<ç: a part of the ÜvÜmçcççmç: ~

sanskrit lesson 64. www.chitrapurmath.net

15 © Shri Chitrapur Math

When similar things are put together and the entire compound is described by just one of the words, either in the dual or plural, SkçÀçMçí<ç: is seen.

mçcçmlçHçocçd

çÆJçûçn:

Jç=#ççÌ

Jç=#ç½ç Jç=#ç½ç

çÆHçlçjçÌ

cççlçç ®ç çÆHçlçç ®ç

Yç´çlçjçÌ

Yç´çlçç ®ç mJçmçç ®ç

Hçá$ççÌ

Hçá$ç½ç oáçÆnlçç ®ç

nbmççÌ

nbmç½ç nbmççÇ ®ç

lççÌ

mç ®ç jçcç½ç

³ççÌ

mç ®ç ³ç½ç

YçJçvlç:

YçJçvlç½ç YçJçl³ç½ç

Jç³çcçd

³çÓ³çb ®ç Jç³çb ®ç

jçcççÌ

jçcç½ç jçcç½ç 6. yçnáJç´çÇçÆn:

Read our simple explanation again of this particular mçcççmç: (given at the beginning of the lesson) then let's move on. You'll find either both the words of the çÆJçûçn: in the same çÆJçYççÆÊçÀ: or they may be in different çÆJçYççÆÊçÀ:s. Since we are talking about someone else altogether, you need to describe the compound by adding a ³çb mç:, ³çívç mç:, ³çm³çç: mçç and the like. In other cases you'll see compounds formed by a combination of mçn with the

lç=lççÇ³çç çÆJçYççÆÊçÀ:~

sanskrit lesson 64. www.chitrapurmath.net

16 © Shri Chitrapur Math

Note: The word yçnáJç´çÇçÆn: itself means "a person who has plenty of rice". In other words, a wealthy man. A long time ago, parents would give their daughter in marriage to Mr. yçnáJç´çÇçÆn:, who would have the capacity to look after their child well. It won't be difficult now to connect this word to what the mçcççmç: implies.

mçcçmlçHçocçd

çÆJçûçn:

ÒççHlççíokçÀ:

ÒççHlçcçd GokçbÀ ³çb mç:

nlçMç$çá: (jçpçç)

nlçç: Mç$çJç: ³çívç mç:

kç=ÀlçYççípçvç:

kç=Àlçb Yççípçvçb ³çívç mç:

DçOççÇlçkçÀçJ³çç

DçOççÇlçb kçÀçJ³çb ³ç³çç mçç

Oç=lçHçá
Oç=lçççÆvç Hçá
oÊçYççípçvçcçd

oÊçb Yççípçvçb ³çmcçÌ mç:

same çÆJçYççÆÊçÀ:

(çÆYç#çákçÀ:) G×lççÌovçç (mLççuççÇ)

G×lç: Dççíovç: ³çm³çç: mçç

HççÆlçlçHçCç&: (Jç=#ç:)

HççÆlçlçççÆvç HçCçç&çÆvç ³çmcççlçd mç:

iççÆuçlçHçá
iççÆuçlçççÆvç Hçá
ªHçJçtç³ç&:

ªHçJçlççÇ Yçç³çç& ³çm³ç mç:

iç²çYçç³ç&:

iç²ç Yçç³çç& ³çm³ç mç:

¢{çYççÆÊçÀ:

¢{ç YççÆÊçÀ: ³çm³ç mç:

similarly : HççÇlçcyçj:,

oMççvçvç:, ®çlçájçvçvç:, ®çlçácç&áKç:, Hç¨ç³ççíçÆvç: JççÇjHçá©<ç: (ûççcç:)

JççÇjç: Hçá©<çç: ³ççqmcçvçd mç:

Different sanskrit lesson 64. www.chitrapurmath.net

17 © Shri Chitrapur Math

çÆJçYççÆÊçÀ:s .

with mçn

içoçHçççÆCç:

içoç HççCççÌ ³çm³ç mç:

iç[ákçÀCþ:

iç[á: kçÀCþí ³çm³ç mç:

Yççuç®çvê:

Yççuçí ®çvê: ³çm³ç mç:

®çvêcççÌçÆuç:

®çvê: cççÌuççÌ ³çm³ç mç:

çÆJç<çkçÀCþ:

çÆJç<çb kçÀCþí ³çm³ç mç:

kçÀCþíkçÀçuç:

kçÀCþí kçÀçuç: ³çm³ç mç:

mçHçá$ç: / mçnHçá$ç:

Hçá$çíCç mçn Jçlç&lçí FçÆlç ( Hçá$çíCç mççÆnlç: )

mçkçáÀìácyç: /

kçáÀìácyçívç mçn Jçlç&lçí FçÆlç

mçnkçáÀìácyç:

kçÀHçd is also added

mçkçÀcç&kçÀ:

kçÀcç&Cçç mçn Jçlç&lçí FçÆlç

mçuççícçkçÀ:

uççícvçç mçn Jçlç&lçí FçÆlç

cçnç³çMçmkçÀ: /

cçnlçd ³çMç: ³çm³ç mç: (kçÀHçd is added

cçnç³çMçç:

because no other rule is applied to ³çMçmçd when forming the compound)

GoçÊçcçvçmkçÀ: /

GoçÊçb cçvç: ³çm³ç mç: (kçÀHçd is added

GoçÊçcçvçç:

because no other rule is applied to cçvçmçd when forming the compound)

F&éçjkçÀlç&=kçÀ:

F&éçj: kçÀlçç& ³çm³ç mç: ($çÝkçÀçjçvlç Hçá.)

mçáMççÇuçcççlç=kçÀ:

mçáMççÇuçç cççlçç ³çm³ç mç: ($çÝkçÀçjçvlç m$ççÇ.)

DçVçOççlç=kçÀ:

DçVçb Oççlç= ³çm³ç mç: ($çÝkçÀçjçvlç vçHçá.)

when the last word is a $çÝkçÀçjçvlç in any gender, or is an F&kçÀçjçvlç or

TkçÀçjçvlç m$ççÇçÆuç² word

sanskrit lesson 64. www.chitrapurmath.net

18 © Shri Chitrapur Math

mçávojJçOçÓkçÀ:

mçávojçÇ JçOçÓ: ³çm³ç mç: (TkçÀçjçvlç m$ççÇçÆuç²)

ªHçJçlm$ççÇkçÀ:

ªHçJçlççÇ m$ççÇ ³çm³ç mç: (F&kçÀçjçvlç m$ççÇçÆuç²)

6. DçuçákçdÀ mçcççmç:~ In cases where the çÆJçYççqkçwlç remains in the mçcçmlçHçocçd , DçuçákçdÀ mçcççmç: is seen. It can be any of the ones that we have studied in detail.

mçcçmlçHçocçd

çÆJçûçn:

³çáçÆOççÆÿj:

³çáçÆOç çqmLçj:

mçHlçcççÇlçlHçá©<ç:

oájçoçiçlç:

oájçlçd Dççiçlç:

HçgçcççÇlçlHçá©<ç:

oçm³çç:Hçá$ç:

oçm³çç: Hçá$ç:

<çÿçÇlçlHçá©<ç:

içíníMçÓj:

içíní MçÓj:

mçHlçcççÇlçlHçá©<ç:

HçjmcçÌHçocçd

HçjmcçÌ Hçocçd

®çlçáLççalçlHçá©<ç:

DççlcçvçíHçocçd

Dççlcçvçí Hçocçd

®çlçáLççalçlHçá©<ç:

kçÀCþíkçÀçuç:

kçÀCþí kçÀçuç:

J³ççÆOçkçÀjCçyçnáJç´çÇçÆn

Jçvçí®çj:

Jçvçí ®çj:

GHçHçomçcççmç:

8. vç_çdmçcççmç: ~ Add an Dç if it is followed by a J³ç¡çvçcçd and an Dçvç if followed by a mJçj: ~

mçcçmlçHçocçd

çÆJçûçn:

Dçmçvoín:

vç mçvoín:

DççÆJçIvç:

vç çÆJçIvç:

Dçvçéç:

vç Dçéç:

Dçvççiçcçvçcçd

vç Dççiçcçvçcçd

sanskrit lesson 64. www.chitrapurmath.net

DçLç&

19 © Shri Chitrapur Math

DççÆJçJçço:

vç çÆJçJçço:

DçHçìá:

vç Hçìá:

DçvçáHçuççqyOç:

vç GHçuççqyOç:

DçHçvLçç: / DçHçvLçcçd

vç HçvLçç:

DçHçá$ç:

DççÆJçÐçcççvç: Hçá$ç: ³çm³ç mç:

DçvçHçl³ç:

DççÆJçÐçcççvçcçd DçHçl³çb ³çm³ç mç:

DçHçá$ççÇkçÀ:

DççÆJçÐçcççvçç Hçá$ççÇ ³çm³ç mç:

DçÒçpçç:

DççÆJçÐçcççvç: Òçpçç ³çm³ç mç:

DçcçíOçç:

DççÆJçÐçcççvçç cçíOçç ³çm³ç mç:

Dçmçnç³ç:

vç çÆJçÐçlçí mçnç³ç: ³çm³ç mç:

DçvçHçl³çç

vç çÆJçÐçlçí DçHçl³çb ³çm³çç: mçç

Dçvç=Cç:

vç Dççqmlç $çÝCçb ³çm³ç mç: 9. GHçHçomçcççmç:

This is a mçcççmç: with GHçHços. Here the word GHçHço stands for any noun.

mçcçmlçHçocçd

çÆJçûçn:

kçáÀcYçkçÀçj:

kçáÀcYçb kçÀjçíçÆlç FçÆlç

çÆvçMççkçÀj:

çÆvçMççb kçÀjçíçÆlç FçÆlç

lçávoHççÆjcç=pç:

lçávob HççÆjcçççÆä& FçÆlç

G
G
mççícç³ççpççÇ

mççícçívç FäJççvçd FçÆlç

Mççm$çkç=Àlçd / Mççm$çkçÀçj:

Mççm$çb kçÀjçíçÆlç FçÆlç

Yçç<³çkç=Àlçd / Yçç<³çkçÀçj:

Yçç<³çb kçÀjçíçÆlç FçÆlç

çÆÒç³çbJço:

çÆÒç³çb JçoçÆlç FçÆlç

sanskrit lesson 64. www.chitrapurmath.net

DçLç&

20 © Shri Chitrapur Math

Yç³ç¹j:

Yç³çb kçÀjçíçÆlç FçÆlç

JçbMçJço:

JçbMçb JçoçÆlç FçÆlç

DçYç³ç¹j:

DçYç³çb kçÀjçíçÆlç FçÆlç

Oçvço:

Oçvçb ooççÆlç FçÆlç

mççcçiç:

mççcç içç³ççÆlç FçÆlç

HççqC[lçbcçv³ç:/ HççqC[lçbcççvççÇ

HççqC[lçcçd (Dççlcççvçb) cçv³çlçí FçÆlç ~ Worksheets.

Just try and understand this:

mçcççmç YçiçJçÃçÇlçç ÜçoMççíO³çç³ç: SJçb mçlçlç³çákçwlçç ³çí YçkçwlççmlJççb Hç³ç&áHççmçlçí ~ ³çí ®ççH³ç#çjcçJ³çkçwlçb lçí<ççb kçíÀ ³ççíiççÆJçÊçcçç: ~~ 1 ~~ 1) vç #çjcçd - Dç#çjcçd ~ ( vç_çd lçlHçá©<ç ) 2) vç J³çkçwlçcçd - DçJ³çkçwlçcçd ~ ( vç_çd lçlHçá©<ç ) 3) ³ççíiçí çÆJçÊçcçç: - ³ççíiççÆJçÊçcçç: ~ ( mçHlçcççÇ lçlHçá©<ç ) mççÆVç³çc³çíçqvê³çûççcçb mçJç&$ç mçcçyçáodOç³ç: ~ lçí ÒççHvçáJççÆvlç cççcçíJç mçJç&YçÓlççÆnlçí jlçç: ~~ 4 ~~ 1) mçcçç yçáçÆ×: ³çí<ççb lçí - mçcçyçáodOç³ç: ~ ( yçnáJç´çÇçÆn ) 2) mçJçxY³ç: çÆnlçcçd - mçJç&çÆnlçcçd, lççqmcçvçd - mçJç&YçÓlççÆnlçí ~ ( ®çlçáLçça lçlHçá©<ç ) DçLçÌlçoH³çMçkçwlççíeçÆmç kçÀlçá¥ cçÐççíiçcçççÆÞçlç: ~ mçJç&kçÀcç&HçÀuçl³ççiçb lçlç: kçáÀ© ³çlççlcçJççvçd ~~ 11 ~~ 1) cçcç ³ççíiçcçd cçÐççíiçcçd ~ ( <ç<þçÇ lçlHçá©<ç ) cçÐççíiçcçd DçççÆÞçlç: cçÐççíiçcçççÆÞçlç: ~ ( çÆÜlççÇ³çç lçlHçá©<ç ) 2) mçJçç&çÆCç kçÀcçç&çÆCç - mçJç&kçÀcçç&çÆCç ~ ( kçÀcç&Oççj³ç ) sanskrit lesson 64. www.chitrapurmath.net

21 © Shri Chitrapur Math

mçJç&kçÀcçç&Cççb HçÀuçççÆvç - mçJç&kçÀcç&HçÀuçççÆvç ~ ( <çÿçÇ lçlHçá©<ç ) mçJç&kçÀcç&HçÀuççvççb l³ççiç: - mçJç&kçÀcç&HçÀuçl³ççiç:, lçcçd - mçJç&kçÀcç&HçÀuçl³ççiçcçd ~ ( <çÿçÇ lçlHçá©<ç ) DçÜíäç mçJç&YçÓlççvççb cçÌ$ç: kçÀ©Cç SJç ®ç ~ çÆvçcç&cççí çÆvçjn¹çj: mçcçoá:KçmçáKç: #çcççÇ ~~ 13 ~~ 1) mçJçx YçÓlçç: - mçJç&YçÓlçç:, lçí<ççcçd - mçJç&YçÓlççvççcçd ~ ( kçÀcç&Oççj³ç ) 2) çÆvçiçlç&b cçcçlJçb ³çmcççlçd mç: - çÆvçcç&cç: ~ ( ÒçççÆo yçnáJç´çÇçÆn ) 3) çÆvçiç&lç: Dçn¹çj: ³çmcççlçd mç: - çÆvçjn¹çj: ~ ( ÒçççÆo yçnáJç´çÇçÆn ) 4) oá:Kçb ®ç mçáKçb ®ç – oá:KçmçáKçí ~ ( ÜvÜ ) mçcç: oá:KçmçáKç³ççí: ³ç: mç: - mçcçoá:KçmçáKç: ~ ( yçnáJç´çÇçÆn ) mçvlçáä: mçlçlçb ³ççíiççÇ ³çlççlcçç ¢æ{çÆvç½ç³ç: ~ cç³³ççÆHç&lçcçvççíyçáçÆ×³ççx cçtkçwlç: mç cçí çÆÒç³ç: ~~ 14 ~~ 1) ¢æ{: çÆvç½ç³ç: - ¢æ{çÆvç½ç³ç: ~ ( kçÀcç&Oççj³ç ) ¢æ{çÆvç½ç³ç: ³çm³ç mç: - ¢æ{çÆvç½ç³ç: ~ ( yçnáJç´çÇçÆn ) 2) cçvç: ®ç yçáçÆ×: - cçvççíyçá×çÇ ~ ( ÜvÜ ) DççÆHç&lçb cçvççíyçá×çÇ ³çívç mç: - DççÆHç&lçcçvççíyçáçÆ×: ~ ( yçnáJç´çÇçÆn ) ³çmcççVççíçÆÜpçlçí uççíkçÀçí uççíkçÀçVççíçÆÜpçlçí ®ç ³ç: ~ n<çç&cç<ç&Yç³ççíÜíiçÌcç&ákçwlççí ³ç: mç ®ç cçí çÆÒç³ç: ~~ 15 ~~ 1) n<ç&: ®ç Dçcç<ç&: ®ç Yç³çb ®ç GÜíiç: ®ç - n<çç&cç<ç&Yç³ççíÜíiçç: ~ ( ÜvÜ ) n<çç&cç<ç&Yç³ççíÜíiçÌ: cçákçwlç: ³ç: mç: - n<çç&cç<ç&Yç³ççíÜíiçÌcç&ákçwlçç: ~ ( yçnáJç´çÇçÆn ) DçvçHçí#ç: MçáçÆ®ço&#ç GoçmççÇvççí içlçJ³çLç: ~ mçJçç&jcYçHççÆjl³ççiççÇ ³ççí cçtkçwlç: mç cçí çÆÒç³ç: ~~ 16 ~~ 1) vç çÆJçÐçlçí DçHçí#çç ³ççqmcçvçd mç: - DçvçHçí#ç: ~ ( yçnáJç´çÇçÆn ) 2) içlçç J³çLçç ³çmcççlçd mç: - içlçJ³çLç: ~ ( yçnáJç´çÇçÆn ) ³ççí vç Ë<³ççÆlç vç ÜíçÆä vç Mççí®ççÆlç vç kçÀç*d#ççÆlç ~ sanskrit lesson 64. www.chitrapurmath.net

22 © Shri Chitrapur Math

MçáYççMçáYçHççÆjl³ççiççÇ Yççqkçwlçcççv³ç: mç cçí çÆÒç³ç: ~~ 17 ~~ 1) MçáYçb ®ç DçMçáYçb ®ç – MçáYççMçáYçí ~ ( ÜvÜ ) MçáYççMçáYç³ççí: HççÆjl³ççiççÇ ³ç: mç: - MçáYççMçáYçHççÆjl³ççiççÇ ~ ( yçnáJç´çÇçÆn ) mçcç: Mç$ççÌ ®ç çÆcç$çí ®ç lçLçç cççvççHçcççvç³ççí: ~ MççÇlççí
sanskrit lesson 64. www.chitrapurmath.net

23 © Shri Chitrapur Math

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