Saeed_saman_08_09_21

  • Uploaded by: Saeed Saman
  • 0
  • 0
  • October 2019
  • PDF

This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. Report DMCA


Overview

Download & View Saeed_saman_08_09_21 as PDF for free.

More details

  • Words: 2,008
  • Pages: 4
‫ﺑﻼگ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺳﺎﻣﺎ ﺳ  ﺷﻬﺮ ﻮﻣﺎ ‪١٣٨٧‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﻛﺴﻴـﺴﻢﻫﺎ!‬

‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‬

‫ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺳــﻰ »ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪﻧﻈﺮﻃﻠﺒﻰﻫﺎ« ﺳﺘﺎﻟﻴﻦ  ﺗﻔﻜﺮ ﻣﺎﻛﺴﻴﺴــﻢ  ﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮﺧﻮ ﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﮔﺎ ﺑﺮﺷﺘﻦ ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺗﺤﻮﻻﺗﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎﻳﺨﭽﺔ ﺟﻨﺒﺶ ﻣﺎﻛﺴﻴﺴﺘﻰ  ﻗﻢ ﻣﻰﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺶ  ﺳﺘﺎﻟﻴﻦ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ‪/‬ﭘﺎ ﺷﺮﻗﻰ ‪ /‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺷﺮﻳﻄﻰ ﻛﻪ ‪ /‬ﭼﻬﺮ‪ B‬ﺳﺮﺷﻨﺎ‪ A‬ﻣﺎﻛﺴﻴﺴﻢ‪ / :‬ﻟﻮﻛﺰﻣﺒﻮگ ‪< /‬ﻧﺘﻮﻧﻴﻮ ﮔﺮﻣﺸﻰ  ﺑﻄﻦ <; ﻣﻰﻳﺴﺘﻪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻛﺰﻣﺒﻮگ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮ‪» M‬ﻛﺎ‪ L‬ﻟﻴﺐﻧﺨﺖ«  ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻧﮕﺬ ﺣﺰ‪ F‬ﻛﻤﻮﻧﻴﺴــﺖ <ﻟﻤﺎ; ﺑﻪ ﺷــﻤﺎ ﻣﻰ‪ ./‬ﻟﻮﻛﺰﻣﺒﻮگ ﺷﺮ‪ E/‬ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﻮ   ‪ AQ‬ﺟﻨﺒﺶ »ﺳﭙﺎﺗﺎﻛﻴﺴــﺖﻫﺎ« <ﻏﺎ ﻛﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﺮﻛﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺴــﻴﺮ ﺧﻮ  ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮ; ﭼﭗﮔﺮﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺎ‪ /‬ﺳﻴﺎﺳــﻰ ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺳﻴﺎ‪ L‬ﻣﻜﺮﺳﻰ <ﻟﻤﺎ; ﺑﻪ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺳﺎﻧﺪ‪ M‬ﺑﻮ‪ / .‬ﺳﺎ‪ L‬ﭘﺲ  ﭘﻴﺮ‪ /‬ﺑﻠﺸﻮﻳﻚﻫﺎ  ‪/‬ﺳﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺟﻨﺒﺶ ﺳﭙﺎﺗﺎﻛﻴﺴﺖ ﻧﻴﺰ  <ﻟﻤﺎ;‬ ‫ﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻴﺎﻣﻰ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ  ﻛﻪ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ <; ﺑﺎ ﺟﻨﺒﺶ ‪ A/‬ﺗﻔﺎ‪ U/‬ﻓﺮ‪ ;/‬ﺷﺖ؛ ﺳﭙﺎﺗﺎﻛﻴﺴﺖﻫﺎ  ﺳﺎ‪ 1919 L‬ﺑﺎ ﺷﻘﺎ‪ U/‬ﺗﻤﺎ ‬

‫ﺳــﺮﻛﻮ‪ F‬ﺷــﺪﻧﺪ! ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ  ﻋﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻧﺰ‪ /‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎ  »ﺗﺰﻫﺎ« ﻟﻮﻛﺰﻣﺒﻮگ   ﺑﻄﻦ ﺗﺤﺮ‪ Z‬ﻣﺎﻛﺴﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮ‪M‬‬ ‫<‪ ./‬ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮ‪ ،/‬ﺑﺮﺳــﻰ <ﻧﺪﺳــﺘﻪ  ﺗﺰﻫﺎ »ﻟﻮﻛﺰﻣﺒﻮگﻳﺴــﻢ« ﻛﻪ  ﺗﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﺑﺎ ﻟﻨﻴﻨﻴﺴﻢ ﻗﺮ ﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ  ﻫﻤﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﻮ ﻣﻰﺷﻮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜــﻰ  ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳــﻦ »ﺑﺮﻧﻬﺎ‪M‬ﻫﺎ« ﻟﻮﻛﺰﻣﺒﻮگ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﺳــﺖ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎً ﻗﺘﺼﺎ ﻛﻪ  <; ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮ; »ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﻴﻮﺳــﺘﺔ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺖ«‬ ‫ﺳــﺨﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺎ; ﻣﻰ<‪/‬ﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﭼﻮ; ﺑﺴــﻴﺎ  ﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎ‪ U‬ﻗﺘﺼﺎ ﻣﺎﻛﺴﻴﺴــﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮ‪<  /‬ﻛﺎﻣﻰﻫﺎ ﺟﻬﺎ; ﺑﻪ ﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺌﻮ‪ L‬ﻓﺘﻪ‪/ ،‬ﻟﻰ ﺑﺮﺳﻰ <; ﻣﻰﺗﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﻌﺎ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ‪ /‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎ ﺟﺎﻟﺒﻰ  ﺑﺤﺚﻫﺎ ﺳﺘﺮﺗﮋﻳﻚ ‪ /‬ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻳﻦ »ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ«‬ ‫ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻄﺮ‪ d‬ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻈﺎ ﻣﭙﺮﻳﺎﻟﻴﺴﺘﻰ ﻗﺎ ﻧﺨﻮﻫﺪ ﺑﻮ ﺻﺮﻓﺎً  ﺑﻄﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻰ »ﺑﺴﺘﻪ« ‪ /‬ﻣﺘﺸﻜﻞ  ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ‪ /‬ﻛﺎﮔﺮ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫»ﺑﺎﻫﻰ« ﺧﻮ ﻣﻪ ﻫﺪ‪  .‬ﻳﻨﺮ‪ /‬ﻛﺎﭘﻴﺘﺎﻟﻴﺴﻢ ﻧﻴﺎﻣﻨﺪ ﻧﻔﻮ‪  f‬ﻧﻈﺎ ﻫﺎ »ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ« ﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎ  ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻓﺮ‪/‬ﭘﺎﺷﺎﻧﺪ; <ﻧﺎ;‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮ ﺧﺎ ‪ /‬ﺑﺎﻫﺎ ﻣﻮ ﻧﻴﺎ ﺧﻮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺳﺘﺮﺳــﻰ ﺷــﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻦ »ﺗﺰ« ﺻﺮﺣﺖ  ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻟﻴﻞ ﻛﺎﭘﻴﺘﺎﻟﻴﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﻰ ﺧﻮﻫﺪ ﺷﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻰ ﺟﻬﺎ; ﺧﻮ  ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ ﻛﻨﺪ‪/ .‬ﻟﻰ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎ;‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻛﺰﻣﺒﻮگ »ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ« ﻛﺎﭘﻴﺘﺎﻟﻴﺴﻢ   ﻳﻦ ‪/‬ﻧﺪ ﻣﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻳﺪ ﻗﺮ ﻣﻰﻫﺪ؛ ‪ /‬ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺳــﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻦ ‪/‬ﻧﺪ ﻣﺴــﺘﻠﺰ »‪ «/‬ﻛﺮ; ﭘﻴﻮﺳــﺘﺔ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺗﻰ ﺑﻪ ‪ ;/‬ﻧﻈﺎ ﻛﺎﭘﻴﺘﺎﻟﻴﺴﺘﻰ ﺧﻮﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺷــﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺗﻰ ﻛﻪ  ﻣﻘﺎ ﺑﺰ »ﻧﺒﺎﺷــﺖ« ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻧﺪ‪/ ،‬ﻟﻰ  ﺑﻄﻦ ﻧﻈﺎ ﻛﺎﭘﻴﺘﺎﻟﻴﺴﺘﻰ ﺑﺤﺮ; ﺧﻮﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﻮ‪ .‬ﺑﺤﺮﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺎ; ﻛﺎ ﻛﺎﭘﻴﺘﺎﻟﻴﺴﻢ  ﻧﻮﻳﺪ ﻣﻰﻫﺪ! ﺑﺎ ﻳﻦ ‪/‬ﺟﻮ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ »ﻧﻔﺠﺎ«  ﻟﻮﻛﺰﻣﺒﻮگ ﻧﻪ  ﺷﺪ ﻳﻦ ﺗﻀﺎ ﺑﻄﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ  ﻧﺎﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﺔ ﻛﺎﭘﻴﺘﺎﻟﻴﺴﻢ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻰ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ؛ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻌﻰ ﻛﻪ  ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ‪ /‬ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺨﺮ‪/‬ﺑﺔ ﻧﻈﺎ ﻫﺎ ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺷــﻮ‪ .‬ﻧﻈﺎ ﻫﺎﺋﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻜﻰ ﭘﺲ  ﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺳــﺖ »ﻛﺎﭘﻴﺘﺎ‪  «L‬ﻫﻢ ﻓﺮ‪ /‬ﻣﻰﭘﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﮔﺮ ‪/‬ﻧﺪ ﺳﺘﺪﻻ‪ L‬ﻟﻮﻛﺰﻣﺒﻮگ  »ﺑﭙﺬﻳﺮﻳﻢ«‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻮ ﻧﻈﺎ ﻫﺎ ﭘﻴﺶﺳــﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻴﻜﻪ ﻛﺎﭘﻴﺘﺎ‪ L‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﻳﺖ ﺧــﻮ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﻧﺪ  <ﻧﺎ; ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺋﻰ ﺟﺰ ﻧﺎﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﭘﻴﺘﺎﻟﻴﺴﻢ ﻧﺨﻮﻫﺪ ﺷﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫــﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻟﻮﻛﺰﻣﺒــﻮگ ﺗﺰﻫﺎ ﺧﻮ   ﺗﻀﺎ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪﻫﺎ ﺳﻮﺳــﻴﺎ‪L‬ﻣﻜﺮ‪ U‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻰ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑــﻪ ﺻﺮﺣﺖ ﻣﻰﺑﻴﻨﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫»ﺧﻮ‪l‬ﺑﻴﻨــﻰ« ﺳﻮﺳــﻴﺎ‪L‬ﻣﻜﺮ‪U‬ﻫﺎ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺰ ‪ /‬ﻧﻴﺰ ‪/‬ﺟﻮ ‪ .‬ﮔﺮ ﺳﻮﺳــﻴﺎ‪L‬ﻣﻜﺮ‪U‬ﻫﺎ ﻫﺪ‪  k‬ﻣﻜﺮﺳــﻰ  ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮﻫﻰ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﻛﺎﮔﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻟﻬﺎﻣﺎ‪ U‬ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻰ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪»  ،‬ﻟﻮﻛﺰﻣﺒﻮگﻳﺴﻢ« ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﻮﻋﻰ ﻋﺎﻗﺒﺖ ﺧﻮ‪ l‬ﺑﺮ ﺳﺮﻧﻮﺷﺖ ﺑﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻰ ﺷﺪ‪  / .M‬ﻧﻈﺮ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻰ‪  ،‬ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻟﻮﻛﺰﻣﺒﻮگ  ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻟﻨﻴﻦ ﻗﺮ ﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻟﻮﻛﺰﻣﺒﻮگ‬ ‫ ﻣﻮ ﻣﺒﺎ‪ M‬ﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﻫﺎ ‪ /‬ﺗﺤﺮﻛﺎ‪» U‬ﻣﺘﺤﺠﺮﻧﻪ« ﺑﺴــﻴﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻗﺪ ﺑﻮ‪ ،‬ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﻌﺮ‪ lk/‬ﺗﺎﮔﻰ ﺧﻮ ‪ ،‬ﭘﺲ ﮔﺬﺷــﺖ ﻫﻪﻫﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻗﻞ  ﺑﺴﻴﺎ  ﻛﺸﻮﻫﺎ ﺟﻬﺎ; ﻫﻨﻮ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻛﺮ‪ <» :M‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ < ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔﺎ; ﺳﺖ!« ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻳﻚ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻛﺎﻓﻰ ﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﻨﻴﺎ; »ﻟﻨﻴﻨﻴﺴﻢ«   ﺑﻄﻦ »ﺣﺰ‪ «F‬ﻣﺘﺰﻟﺰ‪ L‬ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻛﺰﻣﺒــﻮگ  ﻃــﺮ‪ k‬ﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺮﺧــﻮ ﻟﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻠﻴﺖﻫﺎ  ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎً ﺑﻪ ﻳﺮ ﺳــﺌﻮ‪ L‬ﻣﻰﺑﺮ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺧﻮ ﻟﻨﻴﻦ ﺑــﺎ ﻣﻠﻴﺖﻫﺎ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺗﻮ; ﺣﺪ‪  A‬ﺑﺎﺗﺎﺑﻰ ﺳــﺖ  ﺷــﺮﻳﻂ ﺟﻐﺮﻓﻴﺎ ﻧﺴــﺎﻧﻰ ‪ /‬ﺳﻴﺎﺳــﻰ ‪/‬ﻳﮋ‪ M‬ﻛﻪ ﻣﭙﺮﺗﻮ ﺗﺰﻫﺎ ﻳﺠﺎ ﻛﺮ‪ M‬ﺑﻮ‪ .‬ﻟﻨﻴﻦ ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎ; »ﻋﺮﺻﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ« ﻳﺎ »ﭘﺮﻛﺴــﻴﺲ«‪ ،‬ﺧﻮ  ﻧﺎﭼﺎ ﻣﻰﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ  ﺑﺮﺑﺮ ﺑﺤﺮ; ﻗﺮﻳﺐﻟﻮﻗﻮﻋﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻠﻴﺖﻫﺎ ﻣﺘﻔﺎ‪ / U/‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪﮔﻮ;‬ ‫ ﺑﺮﺑﺮ ﺑﻠﺸﻮﻳﺴﻢ ﻳﺠﺎ ﻣﻰﻛﺮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺿﻊﮔﻴﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻰ ﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪  .‬ﻳﻨﺮ‪ /‬ﺑﻠﺸﻮﻳﺴﻢ »ﺳﺖ ﭘﻴﺶ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺲ ﻧﻴﺎﻓﺘﺪ«‪/ ،‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮ  »ﻣﺸﻮ‪ «o‬ﺣﻀﻮ ﻓﻌﺎ‪ L‬ﻣﻠﻴﺖﻫﺎ  ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ <ﻣﺎﻧﻰ ‪ /‬ﻣﺎﻛﺴﻴﺴﺖ ﻧﺸﺎ; ! ‪/‬ﻟﻰ ﻣﻰﻧﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻠﻴﺖﻫﺎ  ﻧﻤﻰﺗﻮ;‬ ‫ ﺑﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎ »ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻰﺷﺎ;« ﺟﺪ ﻛﺮ‪ / ،‬ﺣﺪﻗﻞ  ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻛﺴﻴﺴﻢ ﺋﻪ ﻣﻰﻫﺪ‪» ،‬ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ« ﻧﻤﻰﺗﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺗﻰ ﺟﺪﮔﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫‪ /‬ﺑﺪ‪ ;/‬ﺗﺒﺎ‪ r‬ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺷــﻴﻮ‪ B‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺸــﺨﺺ »ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ« ﺷــﻮ‪  .‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠــﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺧﻮ ﻟﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺪﻳﺪ‪ B‬ﻣﻠﻴﺖﻫﺎ ﺻــﻮﻻً  ﻧﮓ ‪ /‬ﺑﻮﺋﻰ‬ ‫»ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺎﻟﻴﺴﺘﻰ« ﺑﺮﺧﻮ ﻣﻰﺷﻮ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﻳﻦ ‪/‬ﺟﻮ  <ﻟﻤﺎ;‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻛﺰﻣﺒﻮگ ﭼﺎ ﻣﺤﻈﻮ‪ U‬ﻋﻤﻠﻰ ﻟﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﺒﻮ‪ / ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮ ﺟﺎ‪  M‬ﺗﺎ  ﻣﻮ ﻣﻠﻴﺖﻫﺎ ﺑﮕﻮﻳﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫»]ﻣﻠﻴﺖﻫﺎ[ ﻗﺎﻟﺐﻫﺎﺋﻰ ﺳــﺖ ﺧﺎﻟﻰ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ‪/‬ﺑﻂ ﻣﻴﺎ; ﻃﺒﻘﺎ‪ U‬ﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻰ‪ ،‬ﻃﻰ ﻫﺮ ‪  M/‬ﺗﺎﻳﺦ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺸــﻮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﻮﻳﺘﻰ ﻣﺎ ‬ ‫<;ﻫﺎ ﺗﺰﻳﻖ ﻛﺮ‪«!M‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎ ﺗﺮﻳﺪ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﻳﻚ »ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺎﻟﻴﺴﻢ« ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ‪ /‬ﺗﻤﺎ ﻋﻴﺎ ﺳﺖ؛  ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﻛﺴﻴﺴﺖ <ﻧﭽﻪ ﻟﻮﻛﺰﻣﺒﻮگ ﻋﻨﻮ;‬ ‫ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﺐ  ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎ‪ U‬ﻟﻨﻴﻦ  ﻣﻮ ﻣﻠﻴﺖﻫﺎ ﻋﺘﺒﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ‪/ .‬ﻟﻰ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺳﺨﻨﺎﻧﻰ ﮔﺮ  ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ‪/‬ﺳﻴﺔ ﺗﺰ‬

‫ ﺳﺎ‪ 1917 L‬ﻋﻨﻮ; ﻣﻰﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﺎ; ﻛﺎ ﺑﻠﺸﻮﻳﺴﻢ ﺑﻮ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﻳﻦ ‪/‬ﺟﻮ ﻧﻤﻰﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﺮﻣﻮ‪ l‬ﻛﺮ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺻﻠﻰ ﻣﻴﺎ;‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻛﺰﻣﺒﻮگﻳﺴــﻢ ‪ /‬ﻟﻨﻴﻨﻴﺴــﻢ  ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻳﻦ ‪  /‬ﺷﻜﻞﮔﻴﺮ »ﻗﻠﺐ« ﺟﻨﺒﺶ ﻧﻘﻼﺑﻰ ﺑﻮ! ﻟﻨﻴﻦ »ﺣﺰ‪   «F‬ﻗﻠﺐ ﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺒﺶ‬ ‫ﻗﺮ ؛ ﻟﻮﻛﺰﻣﺒﻮگ ﺳﻨﺪﻳﻜﺎ ﻛﺎﮔﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ ﻳﻦ ﺳــﺘﺎ‪ ،‬ﺳﭙﺎﺗﺎﻛﻴﺴــﺖﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻟﻮﻛﺰﻣﺒﻮگ ﻫﺒﺮﺷﺎ;  ﺑﺮ ﻋﻬﺪ‪ M‬ﺷﺖ ‪/‬ﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﺟﺰ ﻫﻤﺮﻫﻰ ﺑﺎ »ﻟﻬﺎﻣﺎ‪ U‬ﻧﻘﻼﺑﻰ« ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﮔﺮ ﻧﺪﺷﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻨﺎ; ﺑﺮ ﺧﻼ‪< k‬ﻧﭽﻪ ﻟﻨﻴﻨﻴﺴﻢ ﻣﻮ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﺖ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﻰﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ »ﺻﺎﻟﺖ«   ﻟﻬﺎﻣﺎ‪ U‬ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﻛﺎﮔﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ‪ /‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻋﻰ‬ ‫»ﺻﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺰ‪ «F‬ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ! ‪/‬ﻟﻰ ﻳﻦ »ﺑﺮﺷﺖ« ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﺔ ﻧﻮﻋﻰ ﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎ; ﻗﻠﺒﻰ ﺑﻪ »ﺗﺤﺮﻛﺎ‪ U‬ﭘﻮﻳﺎ ﻧﺰ ﺗﻮ‪M‬ﻫﺎ« ﺳﺘﻮ ﺷﺪ‪M‬؛ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﮕﻮﺋﻴﻢ ﺑﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺟﻨﺒﺶ ﺗﺮﻗﻰﺧﻮ‪ M‬ﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺑﺴﻴﺎ ﺧﻄﺮ<ﻓﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﺖ! ﭼﺮ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻮﭘﻮﻟﻴﺴﻢ ‪ /‬ﻓﺎﺷﻴﺴﻢ ﻧﻴﺰ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻗﻞ  ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ  ﻫﻤﻴﻦ »ﭘﻮﻳﺎﺋﻰ ﻧﺰ ﺗﻮ‪M‬ﻫﺎ« ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ!‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻳﻦ ‪/‬ﺟﻮ ﻟﻮﻛﺰﻣﺒﻮگ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎ‪ lU‬ﭘﺎﻓﺸــﺎ ﻛﺮ‪ / .‬ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺑﻮ ﻛﻪ ﻟﻬﺎﻣﺎ‪ U‬ﻧﻘﻼ‪ F‬ﻛﺎﮔﺮ ﻧﻤﻰﺑﺎﻳﺪ  ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻳﻚ »ﻛﻤﻴﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ« ﺑﻼ‪ y‬ﺷﻮ‪ / ،‬ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﻛﺮ ﻛﻪ »ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﻛﺎﮔﺮ ﻗﺎﻃﻌﺎﻧﻪ ﺧﻮﻫﺎ; ﺣﻖ ﺑﺮﺧﻮ  ﻳﺎﻟﻜﺘﻴﻚ ﺗﺎﻳﺨﻰ  <; ﺧﻮ ﺳﺖ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﺪ ﻟﻮﻛﺰﻣﺒﻮگ  ﻧﻘﻼ‪ F‬ﭘﻴﺮ‪/‬ﻣﻨﺪ ﻛﺘﺒﺮ ﺟﺎ ﺷــﻚ ‪ /‬ﺷــﺒﻬﻪ ﻧﺪ‪/ ،‬ﻟﻰ ‪ /‬ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ  ﺑﻌﺎ ‪/‬ﻳﮋ‪  M‬ﻟﻨﻴﻨﻴﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺑــﺮ ﻧﮕﺮﻧــﻰ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ / .‬ﺑﻌﺎ ﻧﮕﺮ;ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪  M‬ﻟﻨﻴﻨﻴﺴــﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ  ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎ‪ U‬ﻟﻮﻛﺰﻣﺒﻮگ  ﻳﻚ ﻋﺒﺎ‪ U‬ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻣﻰﺷــﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺘﺎﺗﻮ ﺣﺰ‪ !F‬ﻟﻮﻛﺰﻣﺒﻮگ   ﻟﻨﻴﻨﻴﺴﻢ ﻣﻰﻧﻮﻳﺴﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫»]ﻳــﻦ ﻳﻜﺘﺎﺗﻮ[ ﺗﻼﺷــﻰ ﻣﺬﺑﻮﺣﺎﻧﻪ  ﺳــﻮ ﻳﻚ ﻗﻠﻴﺖ  ﻣﻰﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻛــﻪ ﻗﺼﺪ  ﺟﻬﺎ;   ﺳــﺘﺎ ﻳﺪ‪M‬ﻫﺎ ﺧﻮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺪ!«‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻛﺰﻣﺒــﻮگ  ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻰ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪﭘﺮﻫــﺎ‪ l‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻳﻜﺘﺎﺗﻮ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﻛﺎﮔﺮ ‪ /‬ﻳﻜﺘﺎﺗﻮ ﺣﺰ‪/ / F‬ﻟﺖ ﺗﻔﺎ‪ U/‬ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻗﺎﺋﻞ ﺷــﺪ‪M‬‬ ‫ﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳــﺪ‪ » :‬ﺑﻠــﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﺘﺎﺗﻮ ‪/‬ﻟﻰ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻜﺮﺳــﻰ ‪ /‬ﻧﻪ ﺑــﺮ ﻧﺎﺑﻮ <;!« ‪  /‬ژﻧﻮﻳﺔ ‪ 1919‬ﻣﺎﻧﻴﻜﻪ ﺷــﻬﺮ ﺑﺮﻟﻴﻦ ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺻﺮ‪ M‬ﻗﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻟﻴﻞ ﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺖ ‪ /‬ﭘﺎﻳﺪ ﺳﺘﮕﻴﺮ ‪ /‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮ ﻓﺠﻴﻌﻰ ﺷﻜﻨﺠﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ M‬ﺑﻪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺳﻴﺪ؛  ﻛﻤﺎ‪ L‬ﺗﺄﺳﻒ  ﻣﻴﺎ;‬ ‫ﺷــﻜﻨﺠﻪﮔﺮ; ‪ /‬ﻗﺎﺗﻼ; ‪ /‬ﻓﺮ ‪/‬ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳــﻨﺪﻳﻜﺎ ﻛﺎﮔﺮ; ﻛﻪ ﻟﻮﻛﺰﻣﺒﻮگ ﻃﻰ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻰ ﺧﻮ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ  »ﻟﻬﺎﻣﺎ‪U‬ﺷﺎ;«‬ ‫ﻓﺎ‪ E‬ﻣﻰﻛﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﻢ ﻧﺒﻮﻧﺪ! ﻣﺮگ ﻓﺠﻴﻊ »ﭘﺮﭼﻢ ﺳﺮ|«‪< ،‬ﻧﻬﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺖ ‪/‬ﺑﺎ‪ / l‬ﻧﺎﻧﺨﻮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻧﻜﺪ; ﻧﮕﻠﻴﺲ ‪ /‬ﻓﺮﻧﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﮔﻔﺘﻴﻢ ﻃﻰ ﻧﺨﺴــﺘﻴﻦ ﺳــﺎ‪L‬ﻫﺎ ﭘﻴﺮ‪ /‬ﻧﻘﻼ‪ F‬ﻛﺘﺒﺮ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﻰ  ﺧﺪﻫﺎ ﺳﺮﻧﻮﺷﺖﺳــﺎ  ﺗﺎﻳﺦ ﻣﺎﻛﺴﻴﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﮔﺮ ﺳﭙﺎﺗﺎﻛﻴﺴﺖﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺖ ‪/‬ﺑﺎ‪ l‬ﻗﺘﻞﻋﺎ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻨﻴﻨﻴﺴﻢ ﭘﻴﺮ‪ /‬ﻫﻤﺎ; ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ‪/‬ﺑﺎ‪   l‬ﻣﺤﺮ‪» F‬ﺻﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺰ‪ «F‬ﺳﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺳــﺘﻪ  ‪/‬ﺳــﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺮﺑﺎﻧﮕﺎ‪ M‬ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎ‪< .‬ﻳﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ »ﺣﻘﺎﻧﻴﺖ« ‪ /‬ﺑﺮﺗﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻰ‪  ،‬ﻳﻦ ‪/‬ﺷﻦﺗﺮ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﻧﺴﺖ ﺻﻮ‪U‬‬ ‫ﭘﺬﻳﺮ؟‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻳﻦ ‪/‬ﺟﻮ ﻳﺪ‪M‬ﻫﺎ ﻧﺴــﺎﻧﻰ ﻟﻮﻛﺰﻣﺒﻮگ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮگ ‪ /‬ﻣﺪﻓﻮ; ﻧﺸــﺪ‪ / ،‬ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪﭘﺮﻧﻰ ﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎً  ﺑﻄﻦ ‪/‬ﭘﺎ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ‪/‬‬ ‫ﻏﺮﺑﻰ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎ  ﻣﺴــﻴﺮ ﮔﺬﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ  ﻳﻦ ﭘﺲ ﻳﮕﺮ ﻟﻮﻛﺰﻣﺒﻮگﻳﺴــﻢ ﺧﻮﻧﺪ‪ M‬ﺷﺪ؛ ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻳﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪﭘﺮ; <ﻧﺘﻮﻧﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻣﺸــﻰ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪/ .‬ﻟﻰ ﺳﺖ ﺳﺮﻧﻮﺷﺖ ﺑﺮ ﮔﺮﻣﺸﻰ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻧﮕﺬ ﺣﺰ‪ F‬ﻛﻤﻮﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺧﺎ;  ‪ /‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮ; »ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻛﺴﻴﺴــﺖ ‪/‬ﻗﻌﻰ ﻛﺸــﻮ ﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎ« ﻳﺎ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً ﻫﻤﺎ; ﻗﻢ  ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻟﻮﻛﺰﻣﺒﻮگ‪ .‬ﮔﺮﻣﺸــﻰ ﻧﻴﺰ  ﺳــﻴﺎ‪M‬ﭼﺎ‪L‬ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻟﻴﻨﻰ‪» ،‬ﻫﺒﺮﺧﻠﻖ« ‪ /‬ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻧﮕﺰ ﻛﺸﻮ »ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ« ‪/‬ﺗﻴﻜﺎ;‪ ،‬ﭘﺲ  ﺳﺎ‪L‬ﻫﺎ ﺷﻜﻨﺠﻪ  ﺳﺎ‪ 1937 L‬ﺑﻪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻳﻦ ‪/‬ﺟﻮ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﻣﺸــﻰ ﻃﻰ ﺳــﺎ‪L‬ﻫﺎ ﻛﻮﺗﺎ‪ M‬ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻰ‪  ،‬ﺧﻮ ﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺟﺎ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪﻗﻞ  ‪ /‬ﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺳــﻰ ‪ /‬ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻗﻴﻖ ﻗﺮ ﮔﻴﺮ‪  .‬ﻧﺨﺴــﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ‪  /‬ﺷﻴﻮ‪M‬ﻫﺎ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﻰ ﺑﻪ »ﺷﻮ ﻛﺎﮔﺎ‪M‬ﻫﺎ« ﺳﺨﻦ ﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪ / .‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﭼﺎﭼﻮ‪F‬ﻫﺎ <ﻧﭽﻪ ‪» /‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻰ«  ﻧﻘﻼ‪ F‬ﻛﺎﮔﺮ ﻣﻰﺧﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﻮ ﺑﺮﺳﻰ ﻗﺮ ﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮ‪ .‬ﮔﺮﻣﺸﻰ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮ ﻗﺮﺑﺎﻧﻰ ‪/‬ﻟﺖ ﻛﺎﭘﻴﺘﺎﻟﻴﺴــﺖ ﻣﻮﺳــﻮﻟﻴﻨﻰ ﺷــﺪ‪  ،‬ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪﭘﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﺧﻼ‪ k‬ﻟﻮﻛﺰﻣﺒﻮگ ‪/‬ﺟﻮ ﻳﻦ »ﻧﻮ‪/ «E‬ﻟﺖ  ﺑﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ‬

‫ﻋﻨﻮ; ﻓﺮﻣﻮ‪ l‬ﻧﻤﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ / .‬ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ »ﺷﻮ ﻛﺎﮔﺎ‪M‬ﻫﺎ« ﻣﻰﺗﻮﻧﺪ  ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ <ﮔﺎ‪  M‬ﺟﻨﺒﺶ ﻛﺎﮔﺮ ﻫﻨﮕﺎ ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‪ /‬ﺗﻀﺎ ﻣﻴﺎ; ﺳــﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ‪ /‬ﻧﻴﺮ‪ /‬ﻛﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﻣﻰ ﻣﻜﺮﺳــﻰ ﻛﺎﮔﺮ ﺷــﺪ‪  ،M‬ﻗﺪ‪U‬ﮔﻴﺮ ﻛﺎﭘﻴﺘﺎﻟﻴﺴــﻢ ‪ /‬ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻛﺎﭘﻴﺘﺎﻟﻴﺴﺘﻰ ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻛﺎﮔﺎ‪ M‬ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ / .‬ﻣﻰﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻋﻨﻮ; ﻛﺮ ﻛﻪ ﮔﺮﻣﺸﻰ ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪﭘﺮ ﻣﺎﻛﺴﻴﺴﺖ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﮕﺮ‪ l‬ﺳﺎ‪M‬ﻧﮕﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺳــﺎ‪/ ;< A‬ﻟﺖ ﻛﺎﭘﻴﺘﺎﻟﻴﺴــﺖ ‪/‬ﻟﺘﻰ ﺻﺮﻓﺎً ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻰ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻰ ﻣﻰﺷﻮ ﺑﻪ ﻳﺮ ﺳــﺌﻮ‪ L‬ﻣﻰﺑﺮ‪  .‬ﻧﻈﺮ ‪ /‬ﻛﺎﭘﻴﺘﺎﻟﻴﺴﻢ ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻰ »ﻳﺪﺋﻮﻟﻮژ« ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮ‪  M‬ﻛﻪ ﻳﻦ »ﻳﺪﺋﻮﻟﻮژ«  ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻫﺎ ﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻰ  ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﻛﻠﻴﺴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﺳﻪ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﻧﻮ‪ ... / ،M‬ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺎً‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻰﺷﻮ‪  / .‬ﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺎ; ﮔﺮ‪M/‬ﻫﺎ ﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻰ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ  ﻳﻦ ﻳﺪﺋﻮﻟﻮژ »ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ« ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ ﺑﺮﺳــﻰ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎ‪ U‬ﮔﺮﻣﺸــﻰ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﻦ ﺻﻞ   ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ  ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﺎﻳﺨﻰ‪  / ،‬ﺗﻨﺪﺑﺎ ﺳﻴﺎﺳــﻰ ‪/‬ﻳﮋ‪ M‬ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﻮ  <ﻏﺎ ﻛﺮ‪  .‬ﺳﺎ‪ ،1922 L‬ﻣﺎﻧﻴﻜﻪ ﮔﺮﻣﺸﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮ; ﻳﻜﻰ  ﻋﻀﺎء ﺟﻮ;‪ ،‬ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ B‬ﺣﺰ‪ F‬ﻛﻤﻮﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﺑﻪ ‪/‬ﺳــﻴﻪ ﺳــﻔﺮ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﺸﻮﻳﺴــﻢ ‪ A/‬ﻫﻨﻮ  ﭼﻨﮓ ﺑﺤﺮ;ﻫﺎ ﺧﻠﻰ ﺳﺖ ‪ /‬ﭘﺎ ﻣﻰﻧﺪ‪  .‬ﻃﺮ‪ k‬ﻳﮕﺮ »ﻓﺎﺷﻴﺴﻢ«‬ ‫‪ /‬ﭘﺮﺳــﺘﺶ »ﻫﺒﺮ«  ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺳــﺎ‪L‬ﻫﺎ  ﻛﺸــﻮ ﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎ <ﻏﺎ ﺷﺪ‪ M‬ﺑﻮ‪ / ،‬ﻣﺎﻛﺴﻴﺴــﻢ ‪/‬ﭘﺎﺋﻰ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﻨﻮ  ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﺗﻠﺦ ﻟﻮﻛﺰﻣﺒﻮگ‬ ‫ﻏﺪ ﺑﻮ‪  .‬ﻳﻨﺮ‪ ،/‬ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﮔﺮﻣﺸﻰ  ﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ  ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﻼﺷﻰ ﺟﻬﺖ ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮﺋﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻀﻼﺗﻰ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ  <ﻟﻤﺎ;‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎ ‪/ /‬ﺳــﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻛﺴﻴﺴــﻢ  ﺑﺎ <; ﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮﻳﺒﺎ; ﻣﻰﻳﺪ‪  .‬ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺳﺘﺎ  ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﻟﻨﻴﻨﻴﺴﻢ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﻣﺸﻰ  ﭘﺪﻳﺪ‪M‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎ »‪/‬ﺷــﻨﻔﻜﺮ« ﻣﺎﻛﺴﻴﺴــﺖ ‪ /‬ﻣﺄﻣﻮﻳﺖ ‪/‬ﻳﮋ‪  / B‬ﺑﻄﻦ ﺟﻨﺒﺶ ﻣﺎﻛﺴﻴﺴﺘﻰ ﺳــﺨﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺎ; ﻣﻰ<‪ !/‬ﻣﻰﻧﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺿﺪﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ‪/‬ﺷــﻨﻔﻜﺮ  ﺟﻨﺒﺶﻫﺎ ﻣﺎﻛﺴﻴﺴــﺖ  ﻳﺮﺑﺎ ‪/‬ﺟﻮ ﺷــﺘﻪ‪ / ،‬ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻳﻦ »ﺿﺪﻳﺖ«  ‪ B/‬ﺳــﺘﺎﻟﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻢﺳــﻮ ﺷــﺨﺺ ‪ ،/‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪﻳﺞ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﻰ  ﻣﻮﺗﻮﻫﺎ ﺻﻠﻰ  ﻋﻤﺎ‪ L‬ﺣﺎﻛﻤﻴﺖ <ﻣﺮﻧﺔ ﺣﺰ‪/ / F‬ﻟﺖ ﺷــﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﻨﺔ <; ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺶ  ﻟﻨﻴﻨﻴﺴﻢ ﻳﺪ‪ M‬ﻣﻰﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪/‬ﻟﻰ ﻳﻦ ﻧﻮ‪ E‬ﺿﺪﻳﺖ <ﻧﻘﺪﻫﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺟﺎ ﺗﻌﺠﺐ ﻧﺪ؛ ﻛﺜﺮ ‪A‬ﺧﻮﻧﺪ‪M‬ﻫﺎ ‪ /‬ﺑﺎﺳــﻮﻫﺎ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎً  ‪/‬ﺋﻞ ﻗﺮ; ﺑﻴﺴــﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺎ‪ U‬ﻣﺮﻓﻪ ‪ /‬ﺑﻮژ‪ /‬ﺑﻮﻧﺪ! ‪  /‬ﻳﻦ ﻣﻤﺮ »‪/‬ﺷــﻨﻔﻜﺮ« ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺗﻰ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﺎ  ﺗﻀﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻨﺒﺶ ﻛﺎﮔﺮ ﻗﺮ ﻣﻰﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﻳﻦ‬ ‫‪/‬ﺟﻮ‪  ،‬ﻫﻤﺎ; ﺳــﺎ‪L‬ﻫﺎ ﮔﺮﻣﺸــﻰ ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺑﻮ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺖ ; ﻳﻚ »ﻧﺴﺠﺎ ‪ /‬ﺧﻮ<ﮔﺎ‪ «M‬ﻧﻘﻼﺑﻰ‪ ،‬ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﻛﺴﻴﺴﻢ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻗﺸــﺮ ‪/‬ﺷــﻨﻔﻜﺮ ﻧﻴﺎﻣﻨﺪ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺎ ﺣﺘﻰ ‪/‬ﺟﻮ ﻗﺸــﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﺘﻔﺎ‪/‬ﺗﻰ  ‪/‬ﺷﻨﻔﻜﺮ  ﺿﺮ‪ /‬ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪/ .‬ﺷﻨﻔﻜﺮﻧﻰ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻮﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻴﻨﺔ ﻧﻘﻼ‪ F‬ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻰ ‪ /‬ﻛﺎﮔﺮ  ﻓﺮﻫﻢ <‪/‬ﻧﺪ‪/  .‬ﻗﻊ ﮔﺮﻣﺸــﻰ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺄﻣﻮﻳﺖ ‪/‬ﻳﮋ‪/ B‬ﺷــﻨﻔﻜﺮ  ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﻞ  ﻣﻰﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻛﻪ »ﻳﺎﻟﻜﺘﻴﻚ ﻣﺎﻛﺴﻴﺴــﺖ« ﺻﺮﻓﺎً ﺑﺎ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻗﺸــﺮ ﻛﺎﮔﺮ ‪ /‬ﺗﻬﻴﻴﺞ ﺗﻤﺎﻳﺎﻻ‪ U‬ﺗﺴــﺎ‪/‬ﻃﻠﺒﺎﻧﺔ ﻳﻦ ﻗﺸﺮ ﻧﻤﻰﺗﻮﻧﺪ‬ ‫‪ M‬ﺻﻼ‪ / d‬ﻓﻼ‪  d‬ﭘﻴﺶ ﮔﻴﺮ! ‪/‬ﻗﻌﻴﺘﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺷــﺎﻳﺪ ﺧﻮ ‪  /‬ﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﺸــﻮ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪﻳﺞ  ﻣﺎ; ﻓﺎﺷﻴﺴــﻢ ﻧﺴﺎ;ﺳــﺘﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳــﻮﻟﻴﻨﻰ ﻓﺮ‪ /‬ﻣﻰﻓﺘﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻣﻰﻛﺮ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﻳﻦ ‪/‬ﺟﻮ ﻧﻤﻰﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﻦ ﺻﻞ  ﻧﺎﻳﺪ‪ M‬ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻨﻮ; ﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ  <; ‪ M/‬ﻧﻮﻋﻰ‬ ‫»ﻧﻘﻼ‪  «F‬ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪﭘﺮ ﻣﺎﻛﺴﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﻰﻓﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‪» ،‬ﻣﺎﻛﺴﻴﺴﻢﻫﺎ«  ﻣﻰﺗﻮ; ﻧﮕﺮ; ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺻﻞ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﭼﺮ ﻛﻪ »<«‪ ،‬ﺣﺰ‪ ،F‬ﻧﻘﺶ ‪/‬ﻟﺖ‪ ،‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻜﺮﺳﻰ ﻛﺎﮔﺮ ‪  /‬ﻣﻴﺎ; ﺑﺮﺷﺘﻦ ﻓﺌﻮﻟﻴﺴﻢ‪  ... / ،‬ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ‪L‬ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻟﻰﻫﺎ ﻣﺎﻛﺴﻴﺴﺖﻫﺎ  ‪/‬ﭘﺎ ‪/ /‬ﺳﻴﺔ ﺷﻮ‪/‬ﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﻳﻦ ‪L‬ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻟﻰﻫﺎ ﻣﺎﻛﺴﻴﺴﺖﻫﺎ ﭘﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺪ; ﺟﻨﮓ ﻣﻰﮔﺬﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻰﻛﺸﻨﺪ ‪ /‬ﻛﺸﺘﻪ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪/ ،‬ﻟﻰ ﭘﺲ  ﻣﺮگ ﻟﻨﻴﻦ‪/ ،‬‬ ‫ﭘﺲ  <ﻧﻜﻪ ﻣﺎﻛﺴﻴﺴــﻢﻫﺎ ﻣﻜﺮﺗﻴﻚ  ‪/‬ﭘﺎ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺳــﺖ ﻓﺎﺷﻴﺴﺖﻫﺎ  ﻣﻴﺎ; ﻣﻰ‪/‬ﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﮔﻔﺘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻨﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮ ﻛﻠﻰ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﭼﺮ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻳﻚ  ﺳــﺮﻓﺼﻞﻫﺎﺋﻰ ﻛﻪ  ﺑﺎﻻ <‪/‬ﻳﻢ ﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺘﺎﻟﻴﻨﻴﺴــﻢ »‪L‬ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻟﻰ« ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎ ﻧﻤﻰ<ﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ ﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺳــﺎ‪M‬ﻧﮕﺎ  ﺑﻄﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﺎﻛﺴﻴﺴــﻢ‪ ،‬ﺳﺖ  ﺳــﺖ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻣﺘﻴﺎ‪ U‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺗﻰ‪ ،‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺗﻰ ﻛﻪ »ﻧﻮﻳﻦ« ﺧﻮﻧﺪ‪M‬‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺷــﻮﻧﺪ  ‪ M‬ﻓﺮ ﻣﻰﺳــﺪ‪ .‬ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﺑﮕﻮﺋﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻛﺴﻴﺴﻢﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ  ﻣﺤﺮ‪ F‬ﻳﻦﺧﻮﺋﻰﻫﺎ ‪/‬ﭘﺎ ﻓﺎﺷﻴﺴﺖ ﻗﺮﺑﺎﻧﻰ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ / ،‬ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ ﺳﺮﺷــﻴﺐ ﺳــﻘﻮﻃﻰ ﻗﺮ ﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﺸــﺘﺮ ﻧﻈﺎ ﻫﺎ ﻓﻜﺮ ‪ /‬ﻋﻘﻴﺪﺗﻰ ﻳﮕﺮ  ﺑﻪ ﻟﻴﻞ ﭘﺎ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻦ  ﻣﺴﻴﺮ <; ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺪ‪<M‬ﻟﻴﺴﻢ ﻣﻰﻛﺮﻧﺪ؛ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻰﺗﻮ; <;  ﻛﻨﻔﺮﻣﻴﺴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎ »ﻫﻢﻧﻮﺋﻰ« ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪ!‬

More Documents from "Saeed Saman"

Nahid_roxan_09_02_01
December 2019 5
Saeed_saman_08_09_21
October 2019 22
Nahid_roxan_08_11_06
November 2019 15