Saeed, Mahmoud: Iraqi Minutiae

‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﻮﺩ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬

‫ﺍﳊﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﻠﻮﺩ‬

‫ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﲔ ﺣﱴ ﺍﻵﻥ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﳊﻴﺔ ﻻ ﲤﻮﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﻐ‪‬ﻴﺮ ﺟﻠﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﺪﻝ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﻗﺘﻠﻬﺎ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺤﻖ ﺭﺃﺳﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻻ ﳕﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻭﻋﺎﺩﺕ ﻓﺎﻧﺘﻘﻤﺖ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴﺖ ﺷﺎﻋﺮﹰﺍ ﻫﻨﺪﻳﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺩﰊ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 1995‬ﺃﻛﺪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳍﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﺴﺖ ﺃﺩﺭﻱ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺷﻌﻮﺏ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﻡ ﻻ‪ .‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺃﻳﻦ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻄﻮﺭﺓ؟‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻠﺤﻤﺔ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻣﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ ﲟﻠﺤﻤﺔ ﻛﻠﻜﺎﻣﺶ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ "ﻗﻠﻘﻤﻴﺶ" ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺼﺮ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺩﺍﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﳊﺰﻥ ﻗﻠﻘﻤﻴﺶ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺮ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺭﺅﻳﺔ ﺻﺪﻳﻘﻪ ﺃﻧﻜﻴﺪﻭ ﳝﻮﺕ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﻋﻴﻨﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﻥ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺮﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺳ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﻟﻴﺠﻨ‪‬ﺐ ﺍﻷﺣﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﺗﺮﻙ ﻣﻠﻜﻪ ﻭﻋﺰﻩ ﻭﺳﺎﻓﺮ ﻭﺗﻌﺐ ﻭﺟﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﺩ ﳝﻮﺕ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﺄﺛﺎﺭ ﻋﻄﻒ ﺍﻵﳍﺔ ﻓﺪﻟﹼﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﺸﺒﺔ ﺍﳋﻠﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻏﻄﺲ ﻭﺍﻗﺘﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻉ ﺍﳍﻮﺭ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ﺗﻌﺒﹰﺎ ﺃﺩﺭﻛﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻐﻔﺎ‪ .‬ﰒ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻘﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻮﺕ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻓﺘﺢ ﻋﻴﻨﻴﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﻰ ﺗﻠﺘﻬﻢ ﻋﺸﺒﺔ ﺍﳋﻠﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭ‪‬ﺮﺏ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﺬﺍ ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﻰ ﺧﺎﻟﺪﺓ ﻻ ﲤﻮﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﲟﺎ ﺩﻋﺎ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻷﻃﺒﺎﺀ ﻟﻴﺒﺤﺜﻮﺍ ﰲ ﲰ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺩﻭﺍﺀ ﻳﺸﻔﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻮﺻﻠﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻼﺹ ﺗﺮﻳﺎﻕ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺴ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﻳﺸﻔﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺣﻘﻘﻮﺍ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﲎ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮﻛﻮﺍ ﻋﻼﻣﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﰲ ﻭﻋﻠﻘﻮﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳏﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺃﳓﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺷﺎﻫﺪﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﻟﺪﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻀﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﺁﻻﻑ ﻋﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﲔ ﻣﺎ ﺯﺍﻟﻮﺍ ﻣﺘﻤﺴﻜﲔ ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎﺫﺍ؟‬

‫ﻓﺮﻗﺔ ﺃﻡ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﺮﺯ ﻭﺃﲦﻦ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻣﺮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻲ ﻗﻴﺜﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺝ ﻳﻌﻠﻮﻫﺎ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺛﻮﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﻣﻄﻌﻢ ﺑﺎﻷﺣﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﳝﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺴﺖ ﺃﺩﺭﻱ ﺃﺳﺮﻕ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻼﻝ ﺃﻡ ﻻ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻁ ﺷﺎﻫﺪﺕ ﻓﺮﻗﺔ ﺃﻡ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺋﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻨﺖ ﺁﻧﺌﺬ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺮﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﺘﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻳﻐﻄﲔ ﻭﺟﻮﻫﻬﻦ ﺑﺄﻗﻨﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﺒﻪ ﺑﺄﻗﻨﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺭﻋﲔ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺒﺪﻭ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻪ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﲔ ﻭﺃﺭﻧﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻢ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻬﻢ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺁﻟﺔ ﻋﺰﻑ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻓﺮﻗﺔ ﺃﻡ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺜﺎﺭﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺃﻣﻌﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﺸﻮﻫﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻣﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺝ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺸﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺒﻮﻍ ﺑﺄﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﺎﻗﻌﺔ ﺯﺍﻫﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﰒ ﻭﻓﻖ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻡ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﺎﻧﺘﻘﻠﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﻔﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻀﻌﺔ ﺃﻓﺮﻉ ﴰﻠﺖ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﺞ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﰲ ﺩﰊ ﻓﺮﻗﺔ ﺷﻌﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﺮﺍﻗﻴﺔ ﺭﲟﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻲ ﻓﺮﻗﺔ ﺃﻡ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺃﻓﺮﻋﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﱂ ﺃﻓﺎﺟﺄ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺜﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻣﺮﻳﺔ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻟﺖ ﺃﺑﺮﺯ ﺁﻻﺕ ﺃﻡ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﳌﻮﺳﻴﻘﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻜﻴﻒ ﻭﺍﺻﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﺔ ﺇﺑﻘﺎﺀ ﺁﻟﺔ ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﺁﻻﻑ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﲣﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺍﳌﻮﺳﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﲰﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻵﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺒﺬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﺗﻌﺘﺮﻑ ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﻂ؟ ﻓﺎﺣﺘﺮﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺒﺴﻮﻫﺎ ﻭﻃﻮ‪‬ﺭﻭﻫﺎ ﻭﺟﻌﻠﻮﺍ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﺣﺠﺎﻣﺎ ﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﻜﻴﺘﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﳍﺎﺭﺏ‪ .‬ﻭﺩﺭﺑﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻑ ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﱪﻉ ‪‬ﺎ ﺧﱪﺍﺀ ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻴﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﱂ ﺃﺳﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ ﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﺍﱐ ﻟﺮﻣﺰ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻣﻮﺯ ﺣﻀﺎﺭﺗﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺃﻛﻮ ﻣﺎﻛﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﺤﻰ "ﻳﻮﺟﺪ" ﻭ"ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‪" "،‬ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ" ﻭ"ﻏﲑ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‪".‬‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﺑﺄﻗﻄﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ "ﺷﻮ ﰲ ﻣﺎ ﰲ؟"‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﺞ‪" :‬ﰲ" ﻭ"ﻣﺎ ﰲ‪".‬‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻮﻥ‪" :‬ﰲ" ﻭ"ﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﺶ‪".‬‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺷﻌﻮﺏ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ‪" :‬ﻛﺎﻳﻦ" ﻭ"ﻣﺎﻛﺎﻳﻨﺶ‪".‬‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻧﺸﺄﺕ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻣﻴﺲ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﺟﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﻭﺯﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻪ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻲ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﻔﻈﺘﲔ ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺘﲔ ﻛﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺑﻞ ﻟﻔﻈﺘﲔ ﺳﻮﻣﺮﻳﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﻛﻘﻮﻝ ﻃﻪ ﺑﺎﻗﺮ‪ :‬ﳘﺎ "ﺃﻛﻮ" ﻭ"ﻣﺎﻛﻮ‪".‬‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻣﺮﺍﺋﻲ‪ :‬ﺇ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺃﻛﺎﺩﻳﺘﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳉﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻼﺣﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ‪" :‬ﺃﻛﻮ" ﺳﻮﻣﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭ‪‬ﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﺍﻭﺟﻮﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺘﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺇﻥ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺳﺆﺍﻝ ﻳﻄﺮﺡ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﳌﺎﺫﺍ ﺃﺑﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻈﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ﱂ ﻳﻐﲑﻭﻫﺎ ﻛﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺃﺷﻘﺎﺋﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﻳﻔﻬﻤﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‪" :‬ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ" ﻭ"ﻏﲑ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‪ "،‬ﻭ"ﰲ" ﻭ"ﻣﺎ ﰲ"؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺯ‬

‫ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺯ ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺒﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻧﻌﺮﻓﻬﺎ ﻭﻧﻄﺒﺨﻬﺎ ﻭﻧﺄﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻘﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﻟﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‪ .‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﲔ ﻭﺣﺪﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻮﻥ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ " ﹼﲤﻦ" ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺯ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻦ ﺃﻳﻦ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ؟‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﺮﺑﺪ ﻋﻘﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﰲ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﺟﻼﻝ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻲ )ﺗﻮﰲ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻴ‪‬ﻒ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻋﺎﻣﹰﺎ(‬ ‫ﻭﺳﺄﻟﺘﻪ ﺑﻀﻌﺔ ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﻮﻡ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺩﺟﻠﺔ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻳﻄﻠﻘﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻀﻌﺔ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻛﻄﻴﻮﺭ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺇ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﺭﺱ ﻭﺳﺄﻟﺘﻪ ﻭﻋﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ " ﹼﲤﻦ" ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺇ‪‬ﺎ ﺻﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺭﲟﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﻮﻥ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺩﺧﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﺯ ﺍﻟﻠﺬﻳﺬ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﺒﺦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻲ ﻓﺄﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺄ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺬﻳﺬﺓ ﻓﺎﺣﺘﻔﻈﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻔﻈﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺪ ﺍﻵﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻱ‬

‫ﻳﻌﺪ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻱ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﲣﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛﺒﻮﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻐﻨﻮﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﻏﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭﺓ ﲤﺠﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺮﻓﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄﻧﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺧﺪﺭﻱ ﺍﳉﺎﻱ ﺧﺪﺭﻱ‪ .‬ﻋﻴﻮﱐ ﳌﻦ ﺃﺧﺪﺭﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﲢﻜﻲ ﻗﺼﺔ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺒﻴﺒﺘﻪ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ ﳍﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻋﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻱ ﻳﺎﻋﻴﲏ‪ .‬ﻓﺘﺠﻴﺒﻪ ﺍﳊﺒﻴﺒﺔ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﻋﻴﲏ ﳌﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺪ‪‬ﻩ؟‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺷﺎﻋﺮ ﻣﻮﺻﻠﻲ "ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﺷﻬﺎﺏ" ﻭﺻﻔﻪ ﲜﻤﻠﺔ ﺭﺍﺋﻌﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻱ ﲬﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺩﺣﲔ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺷﻴﻮﺥ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ ﳛﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻱ ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺳﺌﻞ ﳌﺎﺫﺍ ﲢﺒﻪ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺣﺒﻪ ﻷﻥ ﻟﻮﻧﻪ ﺃﲪﺮ ﲨﻴﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﻷﻧﻪ ﻣﺬﺍﻗﻪ ﺣﻠﻮ ﲨﻴﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﻷﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﰲ ﺇﻧﺎﺀ ﲨﻴﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﻻ ﺃﻋﺘﻘﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺷﻌﺒﹰﺎ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﲔ ﻳﻌﺪ‪‬ﻭﻧﻪ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻓﺮﻳﺪﺓ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﻢ ﻗﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﳑﻦ‬ ‫ﺕ ﻃﻮﺍﻝ‪ .‬ﻓﻬﻢ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺪﻣﻮﻧﻪ "ﻓﻄﲑﹰﺍ" ﺧﻔﻴﻔﹰﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﺴﻮﺭﻳﲔ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﺭﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻓﺒﻘﻲ ﻃﻌﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻟﺴﻨﺘﻬﻢ ﺳﻨﻮﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﻴﲔ ﻭﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﺞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﻳﺆﻛﺴﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻐﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ ﻛﺎﳌﺼﺮﻳﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﻧﻴﲔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻭﺳﻄﹰﺎ ﺭﺍﺋﻘﹰﺎ ﺻﺎﻓﻴﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﳐﻤﺮﹰﺍ ﺑﺘﺮﻛﻪ ﺑﻀﻊ ﺩﻗﺎﺋﻖ ﻗﺮﻳﺒﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺭ ﺧﻔﻴﻔﺔ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺫﺍﻙ ﻳﺒﺪﻭ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻱ ﻃﻌﻢ ﺭﺍﺋﻖ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ﻻ ﻣﺜﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺭﲟﺎ ﻳﻌﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﳑﺎﺛﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﲔ ﻟﻜﻨﻬﻢ ﻻ ﻳﺘﺮﻛﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺪﺓ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻛﻲ ﻳﺘﺨﻤﺮ ﺑﻌﻴﺪﹰﺍ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ‪.‬ﻭﳊﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﲔ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻱ ﺍﺣﺘﻔﻈﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﲰﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﻢ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺗﻪ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻭﺭﺩﺕ ﳍﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺐ‪ .‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﺑﻜﺄﺱ ﺯﺟﺎﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻄﻠﻘﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﻜﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺃﺻﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻈﺔ؟‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻈﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﺸﺒﻪ ﻟﻔﻈﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻤ‪‬ﻦ‪ .‬ﻓﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻮﻥ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻗﺪﺡ ﺃﻭ ﻛﺄﺱ ﻟﻠﺰﺟﺎﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺼ‪‬ﺐ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻱ ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﲔ ﻓﻬﻢ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﻌﻈﻤﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻳﻦ ﺃﺗﺖ؟‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﲔ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺄﺱ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ ﻳﺼﻨﻊ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺧﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺘﻮﺍﺟﺪ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﻠﺴﻜﺮ ﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﻮﻥ "ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺪ" ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻱ ﰲ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺧﺎﻥ ﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺟﺪﻭﺍ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﻗﺪﺍﺡ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﺠﻠﺒﻮﻫﺎ ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻃﺒﺎﻗﹰﺎ ﺻﻐﲑﺓ ﲨﻴﻠﺔ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ ﺗﻮﺿﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺟﻠﺒﻮﺍ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ "ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﻭﺭ" ﻓﺎﲣﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺇﻧﺎﺋﲔ ﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪﹰﺍ ﻟﻐﻠﻲ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺃﺑﻘﻮﺍ ﻟﻔﻈﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﻜﻠﻴﺰﻱ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ "ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﻲ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻟﺘﺤﻀﲑ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻱ ﻭﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﲏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻄﻠﻘﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ "ﻗﻮﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻱ" ﻭﻫﻲ ﻟﻔﻈﺔ ﺻﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﳏﺮﻓﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺇﻣﱪﺍﻃﻮﺭ ﺻﻴﲏ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺭﻳﺮ ﺗﺴﺘﻮﺭﺩ ﰲ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﲨﻴﻌﻬﻢ ﻟﻔﻈﺘﲔ ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺘﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻹﻧﺎﺀ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﺇﺑﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻱ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻱ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻧﺮﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﲔ ﻳﻨﻈﺮﻭﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﺎﻱ ﻧﻈﺮﺓ ﺃﺷﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻐﻴﲑ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﳌﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺱ‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴﻒ ﻓﻠﺬﺍ ﺃﺑﻘﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻣﹰﺎ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺴﹰﺎ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻠﺬﻳﺬ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﻳﻠﻔﻈﻮﻥ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺟﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﻟﺼﻴﻨﲔ ﺑﺎﳉﻴﻢ ﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﲔ ﻛﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﳉﺎﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﲰﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻤﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﺎﻱ "ﺻﻴﻨﻴﺔ" ﺑﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻱ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﻭﺭ "ﺭﻭﺳﻴﺔ‪" "،‬ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﻲ"‬ ‫ﺇﻧﻜﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺑﺪﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﺩ‪" .‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺭﻱ" ﺻﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﺪﻝ ﺳﻜﹼﺮ "ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺪ" ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻴﺔ‪" .‬ﺍﳋﺎﺷﻮﻗﺔ" ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﺑﺪﻝ ﻣﻠﻌﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ‪ .‬ﻟﻜﻨﻬﻢ ﺍﺣﺘﻔﻈﻮﺍ ﺑﻠﻔﻈﺔ ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﳉﺎﻱ ﻣﺪﺍﻫﻨﺔ ﻛﻲ ﻻ ﻳﻐﻀﺒﻮﺍ ﻟﻐﺘﻬﻢ ﺍﻷﻡ "ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ"‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﻟﻔﻈﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻮﺿﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻜﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺑﻘﻮﻫﺎ ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺻﺤﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺑﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻞ‬

‫ﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻣﺮﻳﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﺆﻟﺆ ﻋﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﺠﻴﲔ ﻳﻄﻠﻘﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﻈﻨﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﲰﺎﻙ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻨﻔﹸﻖ ﺗﺴﻘﻂ ﻋﻴﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳏﺎﺭ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﻘﻄﻬﺎ ﻭﳛﺘﻔﻆ ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﻧﻮﻋﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﲰﺎﻙ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﻲ ﺇﻻ ﻛﺮﺍﺕ ﺻﻐﲑﺓ ﺑﻴﻀﺎﺀ ﺃﺷﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﺆﻟﻮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﻮﻥ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺩ‪‬ﻋﺒ‪‬ﻞ" ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻚ‪ .‬ﰒ ﺃﺧﺬﻭﺍ ﻳﻄﻠﻘﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻠﻬﻮ ‪‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻟﻌﺒﻬﻢ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺩﻋﺒﻞ‪ .‬ﻓﻬﻞ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻼﻗﺢ ﺍﳊﻀﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﲔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺏ؟ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻣﺮﻳﺔ ﻛـ""ﻛﻮﺭ ﺃﻱ ﺗﻨﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭ"ﺷﻪ" ﺃﻱ "ﺷﻌﲑ" ﻭ"ﺃﺩﺑﺎ" ﺃﻱ "ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ" ﻣﺎ ﺗﺰﺍﻝ ﻣﺒﺜﻮﺛﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻧﺪﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳊﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻣﺮﻳﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺁﻻﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻳﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺃﻗﺪﻡ ﺍﳌﺪﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻞ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺳﻮﻣﺮﻱ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺪ ﺍﻵﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﺜﹼﺒﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﻟﺮﲰﻴﺔ ‪.‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺑﺎﺏ‬ ‫"ﻟﻜﺶ" ﺍﳌﺘﺠﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻜﺶ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺃﳘﻠﺖ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺁﻻﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮﺕ ﲪﻮﺭﺍﰊ ﻭﻃﻮﺍﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺴﻴﺎﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﺳ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﺣﺘﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﲔ ﺑﺎﻷﲰﺎﺀ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ؟‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ :‬ﺃﻛﻮ ﻃﻮﺯ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﺎ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﳉﺮﺑﺎﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻏﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻀﺮﺏ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻮﻡ ﻓﺎﺿﻞ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳊﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﻣﺜﺎﻻﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﺔ ﻷﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻟﺘﺰﻳﲔ ﺭﻗﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻴﻔﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺛﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬

‫ﺃﺻﻠﻬﺎ‬

‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺃﻛﻮ‬

‫ﺳﻮﻣﺮﻳﺔ‬

‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬

‫ﻃﻮﺯ‬

‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻏﺒﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻫﻮﺍﻳﺎ‬

‫ﻣﻐﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬

‫ﺟﺮﺑﺎﻳﺔ‬

‫ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺳﺮﻳﺮ‬

‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﲰﻊ ﺃﻱ ﻋﺮﺍﻗﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ‪ :‬ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻏﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﺮ‪ .‬ﻳﻔﻬﻤﻬﺎ ﺣﻖ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﻢ ﻭﻻ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺷﺎﺭﺡ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ‪ .‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻛﻮ ﻃﻮﺯ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﺎ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﳉﺮﺑﺎﻳﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻳﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺠﺔ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻳﺮﺍﻫﺎ ﲢﺘﻔﻆ ﺑﺄﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺃﺷﺒﻪ ﲟﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﺻﺪﺋﺔ ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻦ ﳛﻚ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﻼ ﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺿﻰ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻫﻮﺳﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻏﲑ ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﲏ ﻋﺮﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺘﺨﺮﺝ ﻵﻟﺊ ﺛﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺗﺎﺭﳜﻴﺔ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺜ ﹰ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪﺋﺬ ﺃﻥ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻫﻮﺳﻪ ﺗﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺃﻛﱪ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻹﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺮﺃﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻗﺪﱘ ﺟﺮﻯ ﺑﲔ ﲡﺎﺭ ﺃﺛﺮﻳﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺯﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺷﻴﻮﺥ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻴﻠﺔ "ﺍﳍﻮﺳﺔ" ﻟﺘﺼﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﲔ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﻤﻠﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﰒ ﺗﻜﺎﺛﺮ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺣﱴ ﻋ‪‬ﺪﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻟﻮﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﰒ ﺗﺰﻋﻤﻬﻢ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺗﺪﻋﻲ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﲏ ﻻ ﺃﻋﺘﻘﺪ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﺃﳊﻖ ﺯﻋﻴﻤﻬﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻧﺴﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻼ ﲝﻴﺚ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻉ ﺃﻥ ﳝﺤﻮ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺁﺛﺎﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﻭﺛﺎﺭ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﻭﺧﺮ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻣﺮﻫﺎ ﺗﺪﻣﲑﹰﺍ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﺛﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺕ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺛﻮﺭﺓ ﺳﺒﺎﺭﺗﻜﻮﺱ ﺍﻟﱵ ﱂ ﺗﺪﻡ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺑﻀﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻼ ﺷﺎﺋﻌﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﺷﻬﺮ‪ .‬ﻗﻀﻰ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﻓﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺰﻧﺞ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺢ ﺧﺮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﹰﺎ‪" :‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺧﺮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ‪ ".‬ﻣﺎ ﺁﻟﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﻳﻌﺰﻯ ﺇﱃ ﻓﻮﺿﻰ ﺗﺴﺒﺒﺖ ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﺒﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳍﻮﺳﻪ ﻓﺄﻃﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﻮﻥ ﻟﻔﻈﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺳﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻓﻮﺿﻰ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ :‬ﳌﺎﺫﺍ ﳛﺘﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺂﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﻭﻛﻠﻤﺎﺗﻪ ﺣﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻵﻥ؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺖ ﺃﺩﺭﻱ ﻫﻞ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺷﻌﺐ ﻏﲑﻧﺎ ﳛﺘﻔﻆ ﺑﺄﻛﻼﺕ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﺃﺻﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺳﻨﺔ؟‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻢ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﺜﻠﻨﺎ )ﳓﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﲔ( ﻓﻠﻢ ﺃﻋﺜﺮ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﺑﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﺯﻭﺟﺔ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺭﻳﺦ ﺑﺄﻛﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻼﺀ ﺍﳋﻀﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﳊﻢ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺑﻞ ﻭﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺯ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻛﻼﺕ ﻇﻠﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻲ ﻭﺇﱃ ﺣﺪ ﺍﻵﻥ‪ .‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﳍﺮﻳﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺠﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺯﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﶈﻠﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻮﺯﻳﻨﺞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳉﺎﺟﻴﻚ ﺍﱁ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻳﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺙ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﳌﺌﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﲏ ﺃﺷﲑ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﺻﺎﺩﻓﲏ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺍﰐ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﺨﺘﺼﲔ‪ .‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺰﺍﻝ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺻﻠﺔ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ )ﺟﻼﺏ( ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺜﻠﺞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺑﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻌﺼﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﺮﺯ ﺍﳌﻔﻠﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻲ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺮﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺻﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺛﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﺍﻷﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﺴﻬﺮﻭﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻲ ﺍ‪‬ﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﺱ ﻭﺃﻏﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺍﻋﺐ ﺍﳌﻼﺱ‪ .‬ﻭﺣﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﺏ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﺄﺧﺬﻩ ﳜﻠﻌﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺍﺭ ﻭﻳﻐﻤﺲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﳊﻴﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺮﺷﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﻳﺘﺠﺎﻭﺑﻮﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺍﺡ ﻓﲑﺩﺩﻭﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻳﻔﺮﻗﻌﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺻﺎﺑﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻼ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻵﻥ ﰲ ﺃﻱ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺷﻴﻜﺎﻏﻮ ﺃﻭ ﻟﻨﺪﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﺭﻳﺲ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﱪ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ ﲝﻴﺚ ﺗﺮﻯ ﻣﺜﻴ ﹰ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻠﻔﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻫﻮ ﻓﺮﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺻﺎﺑﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻓﺮﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺻﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﳋﺎﻟﺪﺓ ﺗﻠﻚ؟‬ ‫ﻫﻲ ﺇﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﺃﺻﻮﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺑﺘﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﺳﺒﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲎ ﺇﱃ ﻓﺮﺍﻍ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﻨﺼﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ ﻓﻴﺤﺪﺙ ﺻﻮﺗﺎ ﻗﻮﻳﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﱪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺄﺧﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﺏ ﻓﻴﻨﺴﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﻳﻨﻄﻠﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﺎﺩ ﹲﺓ ﻻ ﺗﺘﻮﺍﺟﺪ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﲔ ﺍﻵﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺳﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﺸﱵ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﰐ‪ ،‬ﻫﺘﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺑﻮﻙ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻱ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺙ‪ ،‬ﳓﻮ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻟﻔﻈﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺪﺛﺮ ﻣﻌﻈﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺒﺪﻟﻮﻫﺎ ﺑﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎ ﹰﻻ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﺍﳊﺎﱄ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺳﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﺸﱵ‪ ،‬ﻫﺘﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﰐ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺑﻮﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻧﻜﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺮﺑﻮﻙ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺳﺮﻱ‪ sorcerer :‬ﻭﺗﻌﲏ ﺳﺎﺣﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﳌﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎﳊﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﺪﺍﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻫﺬﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻠﺆﻡ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﻃﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻨﺤﺪﺭ ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﹰﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﺣﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻠﺸﱵ‪ bullshit :‬ﻭﻻ ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﻟﻠﺸﺮﺡ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻮﰐ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻠﺼﻮﺻﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ‪looting :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺘﻠﻲ‪ hatred :‬ﻭﺗﻌﲏ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻧﻜﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﻫﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﻖ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﻮﻥ ﻟﻠﺆﻡ ﻭﺍﻻﳓﻄﺎﻁ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﻜﺮﺍﻫﻴﺔ ﺗﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﻀﻴﺾ‪.‬‬ ‫ﱂ ﻳﺒ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﻻﻧﻜﻠﻴﺰ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺑﻀﻊ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﺰﺭﻉ ﺷﺮ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻇﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺷﻌﺒﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺫﻫﺒﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻔﻮﺍ ﻟﻜﻨﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻛﻮﺍ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻟﺘﺬﻛﺮﻧﺎ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺴﺖ ﺃﺩﺭﻱ ﻛﻢ ﺳﻴﻠﻘﻒ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﶈﺘﻠﲔ ﺍﳉﺪﺩ ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻣﺪﺓ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺑﺮﺑﻮﻙ" ﻓﺘﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺳﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺁﺭﺍﻣﻴﺔ‪ -‬ﺃﻛﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﻣﻨﺎ ﻭﺑﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻵﺭﺍﻣﻴﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻮﻛﺎ ﺍﻷﻛﺪﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻧﺮﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﲔ ﺭﻣﻮﺍ ﺑﺄﻟﻔﺎﻇﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺬﺭﺓ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻇﺎ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻐﺎﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺄ‪‬ﻢ ﻳﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮﺍ ﺇﻥ ﺃﺳﻮﺃ ﻣﺎ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﻗﺎﺩﻡ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻧﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﳑﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻧﺮﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﲔ ﻳﺘﻔﺮﺩﻭﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮﻳﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺎﻭﺭﺓ ﺑﺘﻤﺴﻜﻬﻢ ﺑﺄﺷﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﺬﻱ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺃﺷﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻤﻨﻢ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﻥ‪ .‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺴﻚ ﻭﻫﻞ ﻫﻮ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺻﺤﻴﺔ ﺃﻡ ﻣﺮﺿﻴﺔ؟‬

‫ﰲ ﺭﺃﻳﻲ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﲤﺴﻜﻬﻢ ‪‬ﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻨﻤﻨﺎﺕ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺇﻣﱪﺍﻃﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﺣﻀﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺃﻭﱃ ﳌﺪﺓ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﲬﺴﺔ ﺁﻻﻑ ﺳﻨﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﺴﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺻﻮﻝ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺣﻀﺎﺭﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﻻ ﺷﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﺯﺩﻫﺎﺭ ﺍﳊﻀﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﻠﻎ ﺃﻭﺟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻲ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺛﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﲔ ﺁﻧﺌﺬ ﺑﺄﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ ﻭﺑﻠﻐﺘﻬﻢ ﻓﻔﺘﺤﻮﺍ ﺍﻷﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺃﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﲎ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ‬ ‫ﻼ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﰲ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻅ‬ ‫ﻳﻄﺮﺩﻭﻫﺎ ﻭﻳﺒﺤﺜﻮﺍ ﻋﻦ ﻟﻔﻈﺔ ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻗﺪﳝﺔ ﺗﻌﱪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﳍﻢ ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﺗﺒﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻛﺈﺳﺘﱪﻕ ﻭﺟﻬﻨﻢ ﻭﻃﻪ ﻭﻳﺎﺳﲔ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺩﻳﺪﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻴﺔ ﻭﳒﺪﻩ ﺍﻵﻥ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﺟﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﻜﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻮﺳﻊ ﻳﻮﻣﹰﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻳﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻇﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻐﺎﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﻧﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺃﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﻌﲏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻌﻴﺔ ﻗﻂ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﺸﲔ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺣﻴﺔ ﺇﻃﻼﻗﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺗﻼﻗﺤﹰﺎ ﺣﻀﺎﺭﻳﹰﺎ ﺳﻠﻤﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﺣﻮﺝ ﺷﻌﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﻛﻠﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻵﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺖ ﺁﺧﺮ‪.‬‬