Sadam Uthm Chap 1
This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. Report DMCA
Overview
Download & View Sadam Uthm Chap 1 as PDF for free.
More details
- Words: 1,720
- Pages: 5
Introduction
Company
LOGO
• Lecturer – NORHANIM BINTI SELAMAT (Coordinator) – ZEHAN AFIZAH BINTI AFIP @ AFIF – SITI MAHFUZOH BINTI WASIKON – HANNANI BINTI AMAN
BIT 2013 ANALISIS DAN REKABENTUK SISTEM / SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
• Lesson Plan • Contact: [email protected]
Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
1
Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
2
Introduction
Information System
• The system development life cycle (SDLC) is the process of understanding how an information system (IS) can support business needs, design the system, developing it and delivering it to users. • The key person in the SDLC is the system analyst who analyzes the business situation, identifies opportunities for improvements and designs an information system to implement them.
An Information System (IS) is such a grouping (people, objects and processes) that provides information about the organisation and its environment. This information should be useful to members and clients of that organisation.
Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
3
Information Systems (con’t)
4
Information Systems (con’t)
Take one example of information system: -Processing of sales orders from customers Grouping People – staff of the company working in sales Objects – records about customers and employees Processes – a check to ensure the customer is creditworthiness Information – customer’s worthiness, whether the products ordered are in stock, total cost of the sales order. Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
Environment – important elements outside the organisation. for example the firms’ competitors as well as its customers. Organisation – bank, business, hospital, university, and any other group of people trying to achieve a common objective or ‘working together’.
5
Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
6
1
The Role of Information in Organisations
The Role of Information in Organisations (con’t) • AN ASSET
• A RESOURCE
– can serve as the property of a person or an organisation that contributes to a company’s output. For example, manager view information as an investment that they can use strategically to give the company an advantage over its competitors.
– can serve as an input to the production of outputs. For example, hotel workers and attorneys use information to serve their customers better.
Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
7
8
Components of Information Systems
The Role of Information in Organisations (con’t) • A COMMODITY – Companies can also sell information, making it a commodity. For example, publishers of directories, television guides make a profit from selling information.
IS Component People End Users
Systems
Applications Specific-Purpose
Computer Peripherals
Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
9
Components of Information Systems (con’t)
10
Components of Information Systems (con’t)
People End users: the people who use the system or information it produces a source of data which is input into the information system Information systems specialists: the people who develop and operate information systems. e.g. system analyst, developer, tester Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
Data
IS Specialist
Computer Systems
Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
Software
Hardware
11
Hardware Computer systems: Mainframes, supercomputers, minicomputers, personal computers Computer peripherals: keyboards, optical scanners, bar-code readers, touch screens –input Magnetic or optical devices – data storage Printers, video screens – output of information Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
12
2
Components of Information Systems (con’t)
Components of Information Systems (con’t)
Software Systems software This is a set of general programs which manages and controls all of the operations of a computer system so that its use is optimised. An operating system provides the interface to the computer hardware and is the buffer between users and the hardware. Modern trend: support WIMP and ‘post WIMP’. Applications software Software that performs a specific set of tasks related to business functions Software packages and electronic spreadsheets Specific-purpose or bespoke software Referred to asNorhanim ‘tailor-made’ software Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
Data The basis for the informational aspects of the information system and hence is a key element of any IS Data might exist from market intelligence, contacts, product, etc… The information that could be derived from such data: Product prices and costs, delivery of the products/services, target specific promotions and campaigns. Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
13
Systems Analysts Recommend, Design, and Maintain Many Types of Systems for Users
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) Office Automation Systems (OAS) Knowledge Work Systems (KWS) Management Information Systems (MIS) Decision Support Systems (DSS) Expert Systems (ES) Executive Support Systems (ESS) Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS) Computer-Supported Collaborative Work Systems (CSCWS)
Strategic Level
14
A systems analyst may be involved with any or all of these systems at each organization level
Higher Level
Knowledge Level Operational Level
Pg. 2 Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
15
Operational Level
Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
16
Knowledge Level • Office Automation System (OAS)
• Transaction Processing System (TPS)
– Supports data workers who share information, but do not usually create new knowledge – Examples: Word processing, Spreadsheets, Desktop publishing, Electronic scheduling, Communication through voice mail, Email, Video conferencing
– Process large amounts of data for routine business transactions – Boundary-spanning – Support the day-to-day operations of the company – Examples: Payroll Processing, Inventory Management
• Knowledge Work System (KWS) – Supports professional workers such as scientists, engineers, and doctors – Examples: computer-aided design systems, virtual reality systems, investment workstations
Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
17
Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
18
3
Higher Level
Strategic Level
• Management Information System (MIS)
• Executive Support System (ESS)
– Support a broad spectrum of organizational tasks including decision analysis and decision making – Examples: profit margin by sales region, expenses vs. budgets
• Decision Support System (DSS)
• Computer-Supported Collaborative Work System (CSCWS)
• Expert System (ES) – Captures and uses the knowledge of an expert for solving a particular problem which leads to a conclusion or recommendation – Examples: MYCIN, XCON 19
Integrating New Technologies into Traditional Systems • • • • •
• Group Decision Support System (GDSS) – Permit group members to interact with electronic support – Examples: email, Lotus Notes
– Aids decision makers in the making of decisions – Examples: financial planning with what-if analysis, budgeting with modeling
Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
– Helps executives to make unstructured strategic decisions in an informed way – Examples: drill-down analysis, status access
– CDCWS is a more general term of GDSS – May include software support called “groupware” for team collaboration via network computers – Example: video conferencing, Web survey system Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
20
Figure 1.2 Systems analysts need to be aware that integrating technologies affects all types of systems
Ecommerce and Web Systems Enterprise Resource Planning Systems Wireless Systems Open Source Software Need for Systems Analysis and Design
Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
21
22
Enterprise Resource Planning Systems (ERP)
Ecommerce and Web Systems • Benefits
• Performs integration of many information systems existing on different management levels and within different functions • Example: SAP, Oracle
– Increasing user awareness of the availability of a service, product, industry, person, or group – The possibility of 24-hour access for users – Improving the usefulness and usability of interface design – Creating a system that can extend globally rather than remain local, thus reaching people in remote locations without worry of the time zone in which they are located
Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
23
Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
24
4
Open Source Software
Wireless Systems • System analyst may be asked to design standard or wireless communication networks that integrate voice, video and email into organizational intranets or industry extranets • System analyst may also be asked to develop intelligent agents • Example: Microsoft's new software based on Bayesian statistics • Wireless communication is referred as m-commerce (mobile commerce)
Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
25
Need for Systems Analysis and Design
Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
26
Exercise:
• Installing a system without proper planning leads to great user dissatisfaction and frequently causes the system to fall into disuse • Lends structure to the analysis and design of information systems • A series of processes systematically undertaken to improve a business through the use of computerized information systems
Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
• An alternative of traditional software development where proprietary code is hidden from the users • Open source software is free to distribute, share and modify • Characterized as a philosophy rather than simply the process of creating new software • Example: Linux Operating System, Apache Web Server, Mozilla Firefox Web browser
1. Who is the systems analyst? 2. List three roles that the systems analyst is called upon to play. Provide a definition for each one of the role. 3. What personal qualities are helpful to the systems analyst? List them. 4. List and briefly define the seven phases of the system development life cycle (SDLC).
27
Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
28
Thank You
Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
29
5
Company
LOGO
• Lecturer – NORHANIM BINTI SELAMAT (Coordinator) – ZEHAN AFIZAH BINTI AFIP @ AFIF – SITI MAHFUZOH BINTI WASIKON – HANNANI BINTI AMAN
BIT 2013 ANALISIS DAN REKABENTUK SISTEM / SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
• Lesson Plan • Contact: [email protected]
Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
1
Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
2
Introduction
Information System
• The system development life cycle (SDLC) is the process of understanding how an information system (IS) can support business needs, design the system, developing it and delivering it to users. • The key person in the SDLC is the system analyst who analyzes the business situation, identifies opportunities for improvements and designs an information system to implement them.
An Information System (IS) is such a grouping (people, objects and processes) that provides information about the organisation and its environment. This information should be useful to members and clients of that organisation.
Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
3
Information Systems (con’t)
4
Information Systems (con’t)
Take one example of information system: -Processing of sales orders from customers Grouping People – staff of the company working in sales Objects – records about customers and employees Processes – a check to ensure the customer is creditworthiness Information – customer’s worthiness, whether the products ordered are in stock, total cost of the sales order. Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
Environment – important elements outside the organisation. for example the firms’ competitors as well as its customers. Organisation – bank, business, hospital, university, and any other group of people trying to achieve a common objective or ‘working together’.
5
Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
6
1
The Role of Information in Organisations
The Role of Information in Organisations (con’t) • AN ASSET
• A RESOURCE
– can serve as the property of a person or an organisation that contributes to a company’s output. For example, manager view information as an investment that they can use strategically to give the company an advantage over its competitors.
– can serve as an input to the production of outputs. For example, hotel workers and attorneys use information to serve their customers better.
Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
7
8
Components of Information Systems
The Role of Information in Organisations (con’t) • A COMMODITY – Companies can also sell information, making it a commodity. For example, publishers of directories, television guides make a profit from selling information.
IS Component People End Users
Systems
Applications Specific-Purpose
Computer Peripherals
Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
9
Components of Information Systems (con’t)
10
Components of Information Systems (con’t)
People End users: the people who use the system or information it produces a source of data which is input into the information system Information systems specialists: the people who develop and operate information systems. e.g. system analyst, developer, tester Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
Data
IS Specialist
Computer Systems
Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
Software
Hardware
11
Hardware Computer systems: Mainframes, supercomputers, minicomputers, personal computers Computer peripherals: keyboards, optical scanners, bar-code readers, touch screens –input Magnetic or optical devices – data storage Printers, video screens – output of information Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
12
2
Components of Information Systems (con’t)
Components of Information Systems (con’t)
Software Systems software This is a set of general programs which manages and controls all of the operations of a computer system so that its use is optimised. An operating system provides the interface to the computer hardware and is the buffer between users and the hardware. Modern trend: support WIMP and ‘post WIMP’. Applications software Software that performs a specific set of tasks related to business functions Software packages and electronic spreadsheets Specific-purpose or bespoke software Referred to asNorhanim ‘tailor-made’ software Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
Data The basis for the informational aspects of the information system and hence is a key element of any IS Data might exist from market intelligence, contacts, product, etc… The information that could be derived from such data: Product prices and costs, delivery of the products/services, target specific promotions and campaigns. Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
13
Systems Analysts Recommend, Design, and Maintain Many Types of Systems for Users
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) Office Automation Systems (OAS) Knowledge Work Systems (KWS) Management Information Systems (MIS) Decision Support Systems (DSS) Expert Systems (ES) Executive Support Systems (ESS) Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS) Computer-Supported Collaborative Work Systems (CSCWS)
Strategic Level
14
A systems analyst may be involved with any or all of these systems at each organization level
Higher Level
Knowledge Level Operational Level
Pg. 2 Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
15
Operational Level
Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
16
Knowledge Level • Office Automation System (OAS)
• Transaction Processing System (TPS)
– Supports data workers who share information, but do not usually create new knowledge – Examples: Word processing, Spreadsheets, Desktop publishing, Electronic scheduling, Communication through voice mail, Email, Video conferencing
– Process large amounts of data for routine business transactions – Boundary-spanning – Support the day-to-day operations of the company – Examples: Payroll Processing, Inventory Management
• Knowledge Work System (KWS) – Supports professional workers such as scientists, engineers, and doctors – Examples: computer-aided design systems, virtual reality systems, investment workstations
Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
17
Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
18
3
Higher Level
Strategic Level
• Management Information System (MIS)
• Executive Support System (ESS)
– Support a broad spectrum of organizational tasks including decision analysis and decision making – Examples: profit margin by sales region, expenses vs. budgets
• Decision Support System (DSS)
• Computer-Supported Collaborative Work System (CSCWS)
• Expert System (ES) – Captures and uses the knowledge of an expert for solving a particular problem which leads to a conclusion or recommendation – Examples: MYCIN, XCON 19
Integrating New Technologies into Traditional Systems • • • • •
• Group Decision Support System (GDSS) – Permit group members to interact with electronic support – Examples: email, Lotus Notes
– Aids decision makers in the making of decisions – Examples: financial planning with what-if analysis, budgeting with modeling
Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
– Helps executives to make unstructured strategic decisions in an informed way – Examples: drill-down analysis, status access
– CDCWS is a more general term of GDSS – May include software support called “groupware” for team collaboration via network computers – Example: video conferencing, Web survey system Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
20
Figure 1.2 Systems analysts need to be aware that integrating technologies affects all types of systems
Ecommerce and Web Systems Enterprise Resource Planning Systems Wireless Systems Open Source Software Need for Systems Analysis and Design
Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
21
22
Enterprise Resource Planning Systems (ERP)
Ecommerce and Web Systems • Benefits
• Performs integration of many information systems existing on different management levels and within different functions • Example: SAP, Oracle
– Increasing user awareness of the availability of a service, product, industry, person, or group – The possibility of 24-hour access for users – Improving the usefulness and usability of interface design – Creating a system that can extend globally rather than remain local, thus reaching people in remote locations without worry of the time zone in which they are located
Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
23
Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
24
4
Open Source Software
Wireless Systems • System analyst may be asked to design standard or wireless communication networks that integrate voice, video and email into organizational intranets or industry extranets • System analyst may also be asked to develop intelligent agents • Example: Microsoft's new software based on Bayesian statistics • Wireless communication is referred as m-commerce (mobile commerce)
Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
25
Need for Systems Analysis and Design
Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
26
Exercise:
• Installing a system without proper planning leads to great user dissatisfaction and frequently causes the system to fall into disuse • Lends structure to the analysis and design of information systems • A series of processes systematically undertaken to improve a business through the use of computerized information systems
Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
• An alternative of traditional software development where proprietary code is hidden from the users • Open source software is free to distribute, share and modify • Characterized as a philosophy rather than simply the process of creating new software • Example: Linux Operating System, Apache Web Server, Mozilla Firefox Web browser
1. Who is the systems analyst? 2. List three roles that the systems analyst is called upon to play. Provide a definition for each one of the role. 3. What personal qualities are helpful to the systems analyst? List them. 4. List and briefly define the seven phases of the system development life cycle (SDLC).
27
Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
28
Thank You
Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim)
29
5
