Routine Immunization

Routine Immunization Schedule for Infants The standard routine immunization schedule for infants in the Philippines is adopted to provide maximum immunity against the seven vaccine preventable diseases in the country before the child's first birthday. The fully immunized child must have completed BCG 1, DPT 1, DPT 2, DPT 3, OPV 1, OPV 2, OPV 3, HB 1, HB 2, HB 3 and measles vaccines before the child is 12 months of age[2]. Vaccine

Bacillus CalmetteGuérin

Minimum Minimum Number Age Interval of Dose at 1st Between Doses Dose Doses Birth or anytime after birth

1

0.05 mL

4 weeks

4 weeks

DiphtheriaPertussisTetanus Vaccine

6 weeks

3

0.5 mL

Oral Polio Vaccine

6 weeks

3

2-3 drops

Hepatitis B Vaccine

Measles Vaccine (not MMR)

--

At birth

3

6 weeks interval from 1st dose to 0.5 2nd dose, mL 8 weeks interval from 2nd dose to third dose.

9 months

1

0.5 mL

--

Route

Site

Right deltoid Intradermal region of the arm

Reason BCG given at earliest possible age protects the possibility of TB meningitis and other TB infections in which infants are prone[3]

Upper An early start with DPT outer reduces the chance of Intramuscular portion of severe pertussis[4]. the thigh The extent of protection against polio is increased the earlier the Oral Mouth OPV is given. Keeps the Philippines polio-free[5]. An early start of Hepatitis B vaccine reduces the chance of being infected and becoming a carrier[6]. Prevents liver cirrhosis Upper and liver cancer which outer Intramuscular are more likely to portion of develop if infected with the thigh Hepatitis B early in life[7] [8]. About 9,000 die of complications of Hepatits B. 10% of Filipinos have Hepatitis B infection[9] At least 85% of measles Upper can be prevented by outer immunization at this Subcutaneous portion of age[10]. the arms

Children need not die young if they receive complete and timely immunization. Children who are not fully immunized are more susceptible to common childhood diseases. The Expanded Program on Immunization is one of the DOH Programs that has already been institutionalized and adopted by all LGUs in the region. Its objective is to reduce infant mortality and morbidity through decreasing the prevalence of six (6) immunizable diseases (TB, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio and measles) Special campaigns have been undertaken to improve further program implementation, notably the National Immunization Days (NID), Knock Out Polio (KOP) and Garantisadong Pambata (GP) since

1993 to 2000. This is being supported by increasing/sustaining the routine immunization and improved surveillance system.

Expended program for Immunization (EPI) •

•

Principles of EPI include:

2.

Diptheria

3.

Pertussis

1.

Epidemiological situation

4.

Measles

2.

Mass approach

5.

Poliomyelitis

3.

Basic Health Service

6.

Tetanus

7.

Hepatitis B

The 7 immunizable diseases are: 1.

Tuberculosis

Administration of vaccines: Vaccine

Content

Form & Dosage

# of Doses

BCG

Live attenuated bacteria

Freeze dried infant0.05ml

Route

1

ID

liquid-0.5ml

3

IM

Preschool-0.1ml DPT

DT- weakened toxin P-killed bacteria

OPV

weakened virus

liquid-2drops

3

Oral

Hepa B

Plasma derivative

Liquid-0.5ml

3

IM

Measles

Weakened virus

Freeze dried- 0.5ml

1

Subcutaneous

Schedule of Vaccines: Vaccine

Age at 1st dose

Interval between dose

Protection

BCG

At birth

DPT

6 weeks

4 weeks

DPT

OPV

6weeks

4weeks

Poliomyelitis

Hepa B

@ birth

@birth,6th week,14th week

HepaB

Measles

9m0s.-11m0s.

measles

6 months – earliest dose of measles given in case of outbreak 9months-11months- regular schedule of measles vaccine 15 months- latest dose of measles given 4-5 years old- catch up dose Fully Immunized Child (FIC)- less than 12 months old child with complete immunizations of DPT, OPV, BCG, Anti Hepatitis, Anti measles.

Vaccine

Minimum age interval

% protected

Duration of Protection

TT1

As early as possible

0%

0

TT2

4 weeks later

80%

3 years

TT3

6 months later

95%

5 years

TT4

1year later/during next

99%

10 years

pregnany TT5

1 year later/third pregnancy

99%

Lifetime

•

There is no contraindication to immunization except when the child is immunosuppressed or is very, very ill (but not slight fever or cold). Or if the child experienced convulsions after a DPT or measles vaccine, report such to the doctor immediately.

•

Malnutrition is not a contraindication for immunizing children rather, it is an indication for immunization since common childhood diseases are often severe to malnourished children.