Ringkasan Uas Sia.pdf

St r a t e g iPe n g e mb a n g a nSi s t e mI n f o r ma s i   A k u n t a n s i Ca r a -c a r au n t u kd a p a tme n d a p a t k a ns i s t e mi n f o r ma s iy a n gb a r uy a i t u: Me mb e l iSo f t wa r e ·So f t wa r ema s s a l(Ca n n e ds o f t wa r e )d i b u a to l e hp e r u s a h a a np e n g e mb a n gs o f t wa r e d a nd i j u a l d ip a s a rt e r b u k au n t u kb e r b a g a il a p i s a np e ma k a iy a n gme mi l i k ip e r s y a r a t a n y a n gh a mp e rs a ma .B e b e r a p ap e r u s a h a a nme n g g a b u n g k a ns o f t wa r ed a nh a r d wa r e , s e r t ame n j u a lk e d u a n y as e b a g a is a t up a k e ta t a us e r i n gd i s e b u ts i s t e mt e r i maj a d i (t u r n k e ys y s t e ms ).Co n t o h:r e s t o r a nu mu m,t e mp a tp e n y e wa a nv i d e o ,d l l ·Pe n y e d i aj a s aa p l i k a s i(a p p l i c a t i o ns e r v i c ep r o v i d e r s–A SPs )me n y e d i a k a nWe b b a s e ds o f t wa r ep a d ac o mp u t e rme r e k ad a nme n g i r i ms o f t wa r ek ek l i e nme l a l u i i n t e r n e t . Da l a m h a li n ip e r u s a h a a n t i d a k h a r u s me mb e l i , me ma s a n gd a n me mp e r t a h a n k a ns o f t wa r emi s s a l .Me l a i n k a n ,p e r u s a h a a n“ me n y e wa ”s o f t wa r ey a n g me r e k ab u t u h k a nd a r iA SP. ·Pe mb e l i a nSo f t wa r ed a nSDLC Pe r u s a h a a ny a n gme mb e l i ,b u k a nme n g e mb a n g k a ns o f t wa r eSI A ,ma s i hh a r u sme n g i k u t i p r o s e sSDLCs e b a g a ib e r i k u t: a .A n a l i s i ss i s t e m b .De s a i nk o n s e p t u a l s i s t e m c .De s a i nf i s i k d .I mp l e me n t a s id a np e r u b a h a n e .Op e r a s id a np e me l i h a r a a n ·Me mi l i hVe n d o r ·Me n d a p a t k a nHa r d wa r ed a nSo f t wa r e Pe r u s a h a a ny a n gme mb u t u h k a ns o f t wa r ed a nh a r d wa r ed a l a mj u ml a hb e s a ra k a n me n g i r i mk a np e r mi n t a a np r o p o s a l(Re q u e s tf o rp r o p o s a l -RFP)y a n gme n g u n d a n g p a r av e n d o ru n t u kme n g u s u l k a ns e b u a hs i s t e mp a d at a n g g a l y a n gt e l a hd i t e n t u k a n .

·Me n g e v a l u a s iPr o p o s a l d a nme mi l i hs i s t e m Sa l a hs a t uc a r au n t u kme mb a n d i n g k a nk i n e r j as i s t e ma d a l a hme n g g u n a k a nb e n c h ma r k p r o b l e m,p e k e r j a a np e mr o s e s a nd a t ad e n g a nk e g i a t a ni n p u t ,p e mr o s e s a n ,d a no u t p u t u mu my a n ga k a nd i p r o s e so l e hSI Ab a r u .Wa k t up e mr o s e s a na k a nd i h i t u n gd a n d i b a n d i n g k a n ,d a nSI Ad e n g a nwa k t ut e r e n d a ha k a nd i n i l a ip a l i n ge f i s i e n .Pe n d e k a t a n l a i n n y aa d a l a hd e n g a np e n i l a i a np o i n ,s e t i a pc r i t e r i ae v a l u a s ia k a nd i b e r i k a nb o b o t b e r d a s a r k a np a d at i n g k a tk e p e n t i n g a nr e l a t i f n y a . ·Me n g e mb a n g k a ns o f t wa r es e n d i r i Me n g o n t r a kp e r u s a h a a nl u a r(me l a k u k a no u t s o u r c i n g )u n t u kme n g e mb a n g k a nd a n me n g o p e r a s i k a ns i s t e mt e r s e b u t

Ca r au n t u kme mp e r c e p a ta t a ume n i n g k a t k a np r o s e sp e n g e mb a n g a n: Re k a y a s at e k n i sp r o s e sb i s n i s B a n y a kp a r ap a k a rma n a j e me ns e k a r a n gme n d u k u n gp e r u b a h a nr a d i k a l ,a t a ua p ay a n g me r e k as e b u ts e b a g a ir e k a y a s au l a n gp r o s e sb i s n i s(b u s i n e s sp r o c e s sr e e n g i n e e r i n g B PR).B PRa d a l a ha n a l i s i sme n y e l u r u hd a np e n d e s a i n a nu l a n gy a n gl e n g k a pa t a sp r o s e s b i s n i sd a ns i s t e mi n f o r ma s iu n t u kme n c a p a ip e n i n g k a t a nk i n e r j ay a n gd r a ma t i s .B PR a d a l a hp r o s e sr e v o l u s i o n e ry a n gme n a n t a n gs t r u k t u ro r g a n i s a s i ,p e r a t u r a n ,a s u ms i , a l i r a nk e r j a ,d e s k r i p s ik e r j a ,p r o s e d u rma n a j e me n ,p e n g e n d a l i a n ,d a nn i l a is e r t a b u d a y ao r g a n i s a s i . Me n g g u n a k a np r o t o t y p e Pe mb u a t a np r o t o t y p ea d a l a hp e n d e k a t a nk ed e s a i ns i s t e my a n gme n g e mb a n g k a nmo d e l k e r j ay a n gd i s e d e r h a n a k a nd a r is i s t e m. La n g k a hd a l a mme n g e mb a n g k a np r o t o t y p e: a .Me n g i d e n t i f i k a s ip e r s y a r a t a ns i s t e mme l a l u ip e r t e mu a nd e n g a np a r ap e ma k a iu n t u k me n y e p a k a t iu k u r a nd a nl i n g k u ps i s t e m,d a nu n t u kme mu t u s k a ns i s t e ma p ay a n gh a r u s d i ma s u k k a na t a ud i k e l u a r k a n b .Me n g e mb a n g k a np r o t o t y p ea wa l y a n gme me n u h ip e r s y a r a t a ny a n gt e l a hd i s e t u j u i

c .Pr o s e sb e r u l a n gd e n g a np a r ap e ma k a ime n g i n d e n t i f i k a s ip e r u b a h a n ,p e n g e mb a n g me mb u a tp e r u b a h a n ,d a ns i s t e mt e r s e b u ts e k a l il a g id i k e mb a l i k a np a d ap a r ap e ma k a i u n t u kd i e v a l u a s id a nd i c o b a d .Me n g g u n a k a ns i s t e my a n gd i s e t u j u io l e hp a r ap e ma k a i .

MELA KUKA NOUTSOURCEUNTUKSI STEM A d a l a h me n g o n t r a kp e r u s a h a a nl u a ru n t u k me n a n g a n is e mu ab a g i a nd a r id a t a a k t i v i t a sp e mr o s e s a no r g a n i s a s i .Di d a l a mp e r j a n j i a no u t s o u r c ema i n f r a me ,p e n y e d i a l a y a n a nme mb e l is e mu ac o mp u t e rk l i e nd a nme mp e k e r j a k a ns e mu aa t a us e b a g i a nb e s a r p e g a wa ik l i e n .

Tu j u a nPe n g e mb a n g a nSi s t e mI n f o r ma s iA k u n t a n s i Sa l a hs a t ut u j u a nd a r ip e n g e mb a n g a ns i s t e mi n f o r ma s ia k u n t a n s ia d a l a hme n a mb a h n i l a ib a g ip e r u s a h a a n .Si s t e mi n f o r ma s ia k u n t a n s id a p a tme mb e r in i l a it a mb a hd e n g a n: a .Me mb e r i k a ni n f o r ma s iy a n ga k u r a td a nt e p a twa k t u . b .Pe n e r a p a ns i s t e mi n f o r ma s ia k u n t a n s ime n i n g k a t k a ne f e k t i v i t a sd a n e f i s i e n s ib i a y ad a l a mme n g u mp u l k a ni n f o r ma s ie k o n o mi . c .Me mb a n t us e r t ame n i n g k a t k a nk u a l i t a sk e p u t u s a ny a n ga k a nd i a mb i lo l e h p i h a kma n a j e me n . d .Me n i n g k a t k a np e mb a g i a np e n g e t a h u a n(k n o wl e d g es h a r i n g ).

1 .Si k l u sPe n g e mb a n g a nSi s t e m Un t u kd a p a tme r a n c a n gs e b u a hSi s t e mI n f o r ma s iA k u n t a n s i ,k i t ah a r u sme l a l u i

t a h a p a n -t a h a p a n p e n g e mb a n g a n s i s t e m. Ta h a p a n t e r s e b u t a d a l a h Pl a n n i n g (Pe r e n c a n a a n ), A n a l y s i s (A n a l i s i s ), De s i g n (Pe r a n c a n g a n ), I mp l e me n t a t i o n (I mp l e me n t a s i ),d a nPo s tI mp l e me n t a t i o n(Pa s c a i mp l e me n t a s i ). 1 . 1Pe r e n c a n a a n(Pl a n n i n g ) Da l a mt a h a pi n i ,p e n g e mb a n gs i s t e mme l a k u k a np e r e n c a n a a nme n g e n a iSI Ay a n g a k a nd i b u a t .Se b e r a p ab e s a rp e r u b a h a ny a n gh a r u sd i b u a td a r is i s t e ma wa l , i n f r a s t r u k t u ra p as a j ay a n gd i b u t u h k a n ,b e r a p ab e s a rc o s tp e n g e mb a n g a nd a n b e n e f i ty a n gn a n t i n y aa k a nd i h a s i l k a n .Ha s i la k h i rd a r it a h a pp e r e n c a n a a ni n i a d a l a hp r o p o s a lp r o y e ka t a ud o k u me np e r e n c a n a a np r o y e k(d a p a ta n d ab u k ad i t a u t a ni n i ). 1 . 2A n a l y s i s(A n a l s i s ) Da l a mt a h a pi n i ,p e n g e mb a n gs i s t e mme l a k u k a na n a l s i sme n g e n a id a t a -d a t aa p a s a j ay a n gh a r u sd i k e l o l a ,i n f o r ma s ia p as a j ay a n gh a r u sd i h a s i l k a n ,a p as a j a En t i t a sd a nb a g a i ma n aRe l a t i o n s h i p n y a .Ha s i ld a r it a h a pi n ia d a l a hER-Di a g r a m. Se l a i ni t u ,a n a l i s i sme n g e n a ip e n g e n d a l i a ni n t e r n a l(i n t e r n a lc o n t r o l )j u g ap e r l u d i l a k u k a n .SI As a n g a tt e r k a i td e n g a nSPI(St r u k t u rPe n g e n d a l i a nI n t e r n a l ), k a r e n ai n f o r ma s iy a n gd i h a s i l k a nd a r iSI Ah a r u s me me n u h ik a r a k t e r i s t i k k u a l i t a t i fi n f o r ma s i(d a p a tc e kd it a u t a ni n i ).Un t u kd a p a t me me n u h i k a r a k t e r i s t i kk u a l i t a t i fi n f o r ma s it e r s e b u t ,SI Ah a r u sd i g u n a k a nj u g as e b a g a i b a g i a nd a r iSPI .A d a p u nk o mp o n e nd a r iSPIa d a l a hLi n g k u n g a nPe n g e n d a l i a n , Pe n i l a i a nRi s i k o ,A k t i v i t a sPe n g e n d a l i a n ,I n f o r ma s id a nKo mu n i k a s i ,Pe n g a wa s a n (Mo n i t o r i n g ).Da l a mt a h a pA k t i v i t a sPe n g e n d a l i a n ,t e r d a p a tPe n g e n d a l i a nUmu m (Ge n e r a lCo n t r o l )d a nPe n g e n d a l i a nA p l i k a s i(A p p l i c a t i o nCo n t r o l ).Pe mb a h a s a n me n g e n a ik a i t a nSPI d a nSI Ad a p a ta n d ab a c ad it a u t a ni n id a ni n i ). 1 . 3Pe r a n c a n g a n(De s i g n ) Da l a mt a h a pi n i ,p e n g e mb a n gs i s t e m me r a n c a n gSI Ad a l a m DB MS (Da t a b a s e Ma n a g e me n tSy s t e m).ER-Di a g r a md a nPe n g e n d a l i a na t a sr i s i k oy a n gmu n g k i n mu n c u l ,d i t e r a p k a nd a l a mr a n c a n g a na p l i k a s ime n g g u n a k a nDB MS,s e h i n g g aa k a n me n g h a s i l k a na p l i k a s iSI A .B i l al e b i h mu t a k h i r ,a p l i k a s iSI Ad a p a td i b u a t t e r i n t e g r a s ia n t a rs i k l u s(a k a nd i b a h a sd a l a mp e mb a h a s a ns e l a n j u t n y a ,s i k l u s t r a n s a k s i ). 1 . 4I mp l e me n t a s i(I mp l e me n t a t i o n )

Da l a mt a h a pi n i ,p e n g e mb a n gs i s t e mme n g i mp l e me n t a s i k a nSI Ad a l a mo r g a n i s a s i . Pe r ma s a l a h a ny a n gb i a s at e r h a d ia d a l a hp e n o l a k a nk a r y a wa na t a ss i s t e mb a r u (u s e rr e s i s t a n c e ).A d ab e b e r a p ame t o d ay a n gd a p a td i g u n a k a nu n t u kme n g a t a s i p e r ma s a l a h a ni n is e p e r t ip h a s e di n ,p a r a l l e l ,d i r e c t ,b i g -b a n g ,d a nl a i ns e b a g a i n y a . 1 . 5Pa s c a i mp e l e me n t a s i(Po s tI mp l e me n t a t i o n ) Da l a mt a h a pi n i ,s i s t e my a n gs u d a hd i t e r a p k a nd i p e r i k s as e c a r ab e r k a l a .B u g s b u g sy a n gmu n c u ld i b e n a h i ,p e mu t a k h i r a nf i e l dd a l a mt a b l ed i l a k u k a nj i k a t e r d a p a tt r a n s a k s ia t a ud a t ab a r u ,a t a up e n g e l o l a a nk o n s i s t e n s id a t a .

2 .Si k l u sA k u n t a n s i A k u n t a n s id i a wa l id a r imu n c u l n y at r a n s a k s iy a n gk e mu d i a nd i j u r n a l ,j u r n a ld i p o s t i n g k eb u k ub e s a r ,k e mu d i a nd i b u a tn e r a c as a l d o ,h a s i ld a r in e r a c as a l d od i t a mp i l k a n d a l a ml a p o r a nr u g i -l a b a ,p o s i s ik e u a n g a n (n e r a c a ),d a np e r u b a h a ne k u i t a s . B a g a i ma n ak i t ad a p a tme l a k u k a np r o s e si n id ic o mp u t e r ?A n d ad a p a tme mb a c a n y ad i t a u t a ni n i . Mu n g k i np e n g e mb a n gs i s t e m a k a nk e b i n g u n g a n ,b a g a i ma n ac a r a me ma s u k k a nt r a n s a k s i -t r a n s a k s ik el a p o r a nk e u a n g a n .Ku n c i n y aa d ad a l a m3 C (Ch a r to fA c c o u n t ,Cu r r e n c y ,Ca l e n d a r ). 3 .Si k l u sTr a n s a k s i A k u n t a n s ime mi l i k is i k l u s -s i k l u st r a n s a k s iu t a ma .Si k l u st r a n s a k s ii n ia d a l a h p e n g e l o mp o k a nt r a n s a k s i -t r a n s a k s iy a n gs i f a t n y ab e r u l a n gd a nk e t e r j a d i a n n y a b a n y a k .Ke g u n a a nd a r ip e n g e l o mp o k a nt r a n s a k s id a l a ms i k l u sa d a l a hme mu d a h k a n k e g i a t a no p e r a s id a np e mb u a t a nl a p o r a nk e u a n g a nb e r b a s i ss i s t e m.Co n t o hs i k l u s t r a n s a k s ia d a l a hs i k l u sp e n d a p a t a n .Se b u a hp e r u s a h a a np a s t ime mi l i k is i k l u s p e n d a p a t a n .Un t u kp e r u s a h a a nd a g a n g , s i k l u sp e n d a p a t a nd i a wa l id a r ip e s a n a n p e l a n g g a n ,p e n j u a l a n ,p e n g i r i ma n .Tr a n s a k s ii n ia k a nt e r j a d ib e r u l a n g -u l a n g .J i k aa d a p e l a n g g a ny a n gma ub e l i ,p a s t ia k a nme me s a nd a h u l u ,k e mu d i a nme l a k u k a nt r a n s a k s i p e mb a y a r a n ,d a np e n g i r i ma nd i l a k u k a n . Un t u kme n i n g k a t k a ne f i s i e n s id a ne f e k t i v i t a sp e n g e l o l a a nd a t ame n j a d ii n f o r ma s i , s i k l u s -s i k l u st r a n s a k s id a p a td i p i s a hp e rb a g i a n (mi s a l n y ab a g i a np e n j u a l a n ), k e mu d i a ns i k l u s -s i k l u st a d id i i n t e g r a s i k a nu n t u kme n g h a s i l k a nl a p o r a nk e u a n g a n .

Ke s u l i t a nA k u n t a nd a l a mMe n g e mb a n g k a nSI A . B i a s a n y a ,p a r a a k u n t a n me n g a l a mi b e r b a g a ik e s u l i t a n b e r i k u t i n id a l a m me n g e mb a n g k a nSI A :  

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Pe r mi n t a a na t a ss u mb e rd a y ap e n g e mb a n g a nb e g i t ub a n y a kh i n g g ap r o y e kSI A d a p a tt e r l a mb a th i n g g ab e b e r a p at a h u n . SI Ay a n gb a r ud i d e s a i nt i d a ks e l a l ud a p a tme me n u h ik e b u t u h a np a r ap e ma k a i n y a . Ma s a l a h n y a mu n g k i nt i d a kt e r u n g k a ph i n g g ap a d as a a ts i s t e mt e r s e b u t d i g u n a k a n ,n a mu ns e t e l a hme l e wa t ip r o s e sp e n g e mb a n g a ny a n gme ma k a nwa k t u . Pa r ap e ma k a is u l i tu n t u kme mv i s u a l i s a s i k a nb a g a i ma n aSI As e h a r u s n y aa t a u b a g a i ma n aSI Aa k a nb e r o p e r a s ih a n y ad e n g a nme n i n j a ud o k u me n t a s id e s a i n . La g i p u l a ,k e t i k ap a r ap e n g e mb a n gs i s t e mt i d a kme ma h a mik e b u t u h a nb i s n i s p e r u s a h a a na t a uk e b u t u h a np a r ap e ma k a i ,a k a ns u l i tb a g ime r e k ame mb e r i k a n s a r a ny a n gb e r a r t iu n t u kp e r b a i k a n . Pr o s e sp e n g e mb a n g a nd a p a tme ma k a nwa k t uy a n gb e g i t ul a mah i n g g as i s t e m t e r s e b u t.t i d a kl a g id a p a tme me n u h ik e b u t u h a np e r u s a h a a n .Co n t o h n y a ;Fa n n i e Ma eme n g h a b i s k a nd e l a p a nt a h u nd a n$ 1 0 0j u t au n t u kme n g e mb a n g k a ns i s t e m a k u n t a n s iu n t u kp i n j a ma ny a n gt e r b e s a rd id u n i a .Sa y a n g n y a ,k e t i k as i s t e m t e r s e b u ta k h i r n y as e l e s a i ,s i s t e mt e r s e b u tt i d a kl a g ime me n u h is e b a g i a nb e s a r d a r ik e b u t u h a nb i s n i sMa e . Pa r ap e ma k a it i d a kd a p a tme n s p e s i f i k a s i k a nk e b u t u h a nme r e k ad e n g a nt e p a t . Se r i n gk a l ime r e k at i d a kme n g e t a h u id e n g a np a s t ia p ay a n gme r e k ab u t u h k a n , d a n k a p a n me r e k a me mb u t u h k a n n y a . Me r e k a k a d a n g k a l a t i d a k me n g k o mu n i k a s i k a ni d e -i d ei n ik ep a r ap e n g e mb a n gs i s t e m. Pe r u b a h a na t a sSI As e r i n gk a l is u l i tu n t u kd i b u a ts e t e l a hp e r s y a r a t a nt e l a h d i t e t a p k a nme n j a d is p e s i f i k a s i .J i k ap a r ap e ma k a id i i z i n k a nu n t u kt e r u sd a p a t me n g u b a hp e r s y a r a t a n ,SI Aa k a nme ma k a nwa k t us a n g a tl a mau n t u kd a p a t d i s e l e s a i k a nd a nb i a y a n y ame n i n g k a ts e t i a pk a l iSI Ad i k e r j a k a nu l a n g .

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ELEMEN-ELEMENUNTUKMENGEMB A NGKA NSPESI FI KA SI DESA I NKONSEPTUA L •Ou t p u t •Pe n y i mp a n a nDa t a •I n p u t •Pr o s e d u rd a nOp e r a s iPe mr o s e s a n

ELEMEN-ELEMENUNTUKMENGEMB A NGKA NSPESI FI KA SI DESA I NKONSEPTUA L •Ou t p u t •Pe n y i mp a n a nDa t a •I n p u t •Pr o s e d u rd a nOp e r a s iPe mr o s e s a n

TUJ UA NLA PORA NDESA I NKONSEPTUA LSI STEM •Me mb e r ip e t u n j u kp a d aa k t i v i t a sd e s a i ns i s t e m •Me n g k o mu n i k a s i k a nk e b u t u h a np i h a kma n a j e me nd a np a r ap e ma k a i •Me mb a n t uk o mi t ep e l a k s a n ame n i l a ik e l a y a k a ns i s t e m

E-Co mme r c e E-c o mme r c e(p e r d a g a n g a ne l e k t r o n i k ),a d a l a hk e g i a t a n   j u a lb e l i   b a r a n g / j a s aa t a u t r a n s i mi s id a n a / d a t ame l a l u ij a r i n g a ne l e k t r o n i k ,t e r u t a mai n t e r n e t . Na mu nk i n i   e -c o mme r c e   t e l a hme n g a l a mib e r b a g a ima c a mp e r k e mb a n g a n ,mu l a id a r i f u n g s is a mp a ij e n i s -j e n i se -c o mme r c ey a n gb e r b a g a ima c a m. Se t i d a k n y aa d a   t u j u hj e n i sd a s a re -c o mme r c ea t a ub e n t u kb i s n i se -c o mme r c ed e n g a n k a r a k t e r i s t i kb e r b e d a :       

B u s i n e s s -t o -B u s i n e s s(B 2 B ) B u s i n e s s -t o -Co n s u me r(B 2 C) Co n s u me r -t o -Co n s u me r(C2 C) Co n s u me r -t o -B u s i n e s s(C2 B ) B u s i n e s s -t o -A d mi n i s t r a t i o n(B 2 A ) Co n s u me r -t o -A d mi n i s t r a t i o n(C2 A ) On l i n e -t o -Of f l i n e(O2 O)

Ma r ik i t ab a h a ss a t u -p e r s a t u : 1 .B u s i n e s s -t o -B u s i n e s s(B 2 B ) B 2 Be -c o mme r c eme l i p u t is e mu at r a n s a k s ie l e k t r o n i kb a r a n ga t a uj a s ay a n gd i l a k u k a n a n t a rp e r u s a h a a n .Pr o d u s e nd a np e d a g a n gt r a d i s i o n a lb i a s a n y ame n g g u n a k a nj e n i se c o mme r c ei n i . Umu mn y ae -c o mme r c ed e n g a nj e n i si n id i l a k u k a nd e n g a nme n g g u n a k a nEDI(El e c t r o n i c Da t aI n t e r c h a n g e )d a ne ma i ld a l a mp r o s e sp e mb e l i a nb a r a n gd a nj a s a ,i n f o r ma s id a n k o n s u l t a s i ,a t a up e n g i r i ma nd a np e r mi n t a a np r o p o s a l b i s n i s . EDI(El e c t r o n i cDa t aI n t e r c h a n g e )a d a l a hp r o s e st r a n s f e rd a t ay a n gt e r s t r u k t u r , d a l a mf o r ma ts t a n d a ry a n gd i s e t u j u i ,d a r is a t us i s t e mk o mp u t e rk es i s t e mk o mp u t e r l a i n n y a ,d a l a mb e n t u ke l e k t r o n i k . 2 .B u s i n e s s -t o -Co n s u me r(B 2 C) B 2 Ca d a l a hj e n i se -c o mme r c ea n t a r ap e r u s a h a a nd a nk o n s u me na k h i r .Ha li n is e s u a i d e n g a nb a g i a nr i t e ld a r ie -c o mme r c ey a n gb i a s ad i o p e r a s i k a no l e hp e r d a g a n g a nr i t e l t r a d i s i o n a l .

J e n i si n ib i s al e b i hmu d a hd a nd i n a mi s ,n a mu nj u g al e b i hme n y e b a rs e c a r at a kme r a t a a t a ub a h k a nb i s at e r h e n t i . J e n i se -c o mme r c ei n ib e r k e mb a n gd e n g a ns a n g a tc e p a tk a r e n aa d a n y ad u k u n g a n mu n c u l n y awe b s i t es e r t ab a n y a k n y at o k ov i r t u a lb a h k a nma ld ii n t e r n e ty a n gme n j u a l b e r a g a mk e b u t u h a nma s y a r a k a t . 3 .Co n s u me r -t o -Co n s u me r(C2 C) C2 Cme r u p a k a nj e n i se -c o mme r c ey a n gme l i p u t is e mu at r a n s a k s ie l e k t r o n i kb a r a n g a t a uj a s aa n t a rk o n s u me n .Umu mn y at r a n s a k s ii n id i l a k u k a nme l a l u ip i h a kk e t i g ay a n g me n y e d i a k a np l a t f o r mo n l i n eu n t u kme l a k u k a nt r a n s a k s it e r s e b u t . B e b e r a p ac o n t o hp e n e r a p a nC2 Cd a l a m we b s i t ed iI n d o n e s i aa d a l a hTo k o p e d i a , B u k a l a p a kd a nLa mi d o .Di s a n ap e n j u a ld i p e r b o l e h k a nl a n g s u n gb e r j u a l a nb a r a n g me l a l u iwe b s i t ey a n gt e l a ha d a .

4 .Co n s u me r -t o -B u s i n e s s(C2 B ) C2 Ba d a l a hj e n i se -c o mme r c ed e n g a np e mb a l i k a nu t u hd a r it r a n s a k s ip e r t u k a r a na t a u j u a lb e l ib a r a n gs e c a r at r a d i s i o n a l .J e n i se -c o mme r c ei n is a n g a tu mu md a l a mp r o y e k d e n g a nd a s a rmu l t is u mb e rd a y a . Se k e l o mp o kb e s a ri n d i v i d ume n y e d i a k a nl a y a n a nj a s aa t a up r o d u kme r e k ab a g i p e r u s a h a a ny a n gme n c a r ij a s aa t a up r o d u kt e r s e b u t .

5 .B u s i n e s s -t o -A d mi n i s t r a t i o n(B 2 A ) B 2 Aa d a l a hj e n i se -c o mme r c ey a n gme n c a k u ps e mu at r a n s a k s iy a n gd i l a k u k a ns e c a r a o n l i n ea n t a r ap e r u s a h a a nd a na d mi n i s t r a s ip u b l i k . J e n i se -c o mme r c ei n ime l i b a t k a nb a n y a kl a y a n a n ,k h u s u s n y ad ib i d a n g -b i d a n gs e p e r t i f i s k a l ,j a mi n a ns o s i a l ,k e t e n a g a k e r j a a n ,d o k u me nh u k u md a nr e g i s t e r ,d a nl a i n n y a . J e n i se -c o mme r c ei n it e l a h me n i n g k a td a l a mb e b e r a p at a h u nt e r a k h i rd e n g a n i n v e s t a s iy a n gd i b u a tme l a l u ie -g o v e r n me n ta t a up i h a kp e me r i n t a h . B e b e r a p a c o n t o h we b s i t e a d mi n i s t r a s i p u b l i k y a n g me n e r a p k a n B 2 A

a d a l a h   www. p a j a k . g o . i d , www. a l l i a n z . c o m  d a n   www. b p j s -o n l i n e . c o m. Di s a n a p e r u s a h a a nd a p a tme l a k u k a np r o s e st r a n s a k s ia t a sj a s ay a n gme r e k ad a p a t k a n l a n g s u n gk e p a d ap i h a ka d mi n i s t r a s ip u b l i c . 6 .Co n s u me r -t o -A d mi n i s t r a t i o n(C2 A ) J e n i sC2 Ame l i p u t is e mu at r a n s a k s ie l e k t r o n i ky a n gd i l a k u k a na n t a r ai n d i v i d ud a n a d mi n i s t r a s ip u b l i k . Co n t o ha r e ay a n gme n g g u n a k a nj e n i se -c o mme r c ei n ia d a l a h:    

Pe n d i d i k a n– p e n y e b a r a ni n f o r ma s i ,p r o s e sp e mb e l a j a r a nj a r a kj a u h ,d a n l a i n n y a J a ms o s t e k–p e n y e b a r a ni n f o r ma s i ,p e mb a y a r a n ,d a nl a i n n y a Pa j a k–p e n g a j u a np a j a k ,p e mb a y a r a np a j a k ,d a nl a i n n y a Ke s e h a t a n– j a n j ip e r t e mu a n ,i n f o r ma s ime n g e n a ip e n y a k i t ,p e mb a y a r a n l a y a n a nk e s e h a t a nd a nl a i n n y a

7 .On l i n e -t o -Of f l i n e(O2 O) O2 Oa d a l a hj e n i se -c o mme r c ey a n gme n a r i kp e l a n g g a nd a r is a l u r a no n l i n eu n t u kt o k o f i s i k .O2 O me n g i d e n t i f i a k s i k a np e l a n g g a nd ib i d a n go n l i n es e p e r t ie ma i ld a ni k l a n i n t e r n e t ,k e mu d i a n me n g g u n a k a nb e r b a g a ia l a td a np e n d e k a t a nu n t u k me n a r i k p e l a n g g a na g a rme n i n g g a l k a nl i n g k u po n l i n e . Wa l a u p u ns u d a hb a n y a kk e g i a t a nr i t e lt r a d i s i o n a ld a p a td i g a n t i k a no l e he -c o mme r c e , a d au n s u r -u n s u rd a l a mp e mb e l a n j a a nf i s i ky a n gd i r e p l i k a s is e c a r ad i g i t a l .Na mu na d a p o t e n s ii n t e g r a s ia n t a r ae -c o mme r c ed a nb e l a n j ar i t e lf i s i ky a n gme r u p a k a ni n t id a r i j e n i sO2 O. Ha n y ak a r e n aa d ab i s n i st e r t e n t uy a n gt i d a kme mi l i k ip r o d u ku n t u kd i p e s a ns e c a r a o n l i n e ,b u k a nb e r a r t ii n t e r n e tt a kd a p a tme ma i n k a np e r a n n y ad a l a mh a mp i rs e mu a b i s n i s . Co n t o h n y a ,s e b u a hp u s a tk e b u g a r a nt i d a ka k a nb i s ad i d i r i k a nd ir u a n gt a mur u ma h A n d a ,n a mu nd e n g a nme n g g u n a k a nl a y a n a nO2 Oy a n gd i s e d i a k a np e r u s a h a a ns e p e r t i Gr o u p o nI n c ,p u s a tk e b u g a r a nt e r s e b u tb i s ame n y a l u r k a nb i s n i so f f l i n en y ame n j a d i o n l i n e . B e b e r a p ap e r u s a h a a nb e s a rd e n g a np e r t u mb u h a ny a n gc e p a ts e p e r t iUb e rd a nA i r b n b

j u g ame n j a l a n k a nb i s n i sme r e k ad e n g a nj e n i sO2 O. B e b e r a p a we b s i t e d i I n d o n e s i a y a n g me n e r a p k a n j e n i s O2 O a d a l a h   Ku d o   d a n   Ma t a h a r i Ma l l .Se p e r t iy a n gd i l a k u k a no l e hp e r u s a h a a nr i t e lb e s a rd i A me r i k a ,Wa l ma r t . Ki n ime l a l u iwe b s i t es e p e r t it e r s e b u tA n d ab i s ama s u kk ed a l a mt o k o ,me n g a mb i ld a n me mb a y a rb a r a n gy a n gd i b e l i ,b a h k a nme n g e mb a l i k a nb a r a n gk e t i k at e r j a d ik e s a l a h a n . Ke l e b i h a nE-Co mme r c e

Pr o d u kd a nl a y a n a nb e r v a r i a s i B a t a sd a r it i p ep e r d a g a n g a ni n it i d a kd i d e f i n i s i k a ns e c a r ag e o g r a f i ss e h i n g g a me mu n g k i n k a nA n d au n t u kme mb u a tp i l i h a ns e c a r al u a s ,me mp e r o l e hi n f o r ma s iy a n g d i b u t u h k a nd a nme mb a n d i n g k a np e n a wa r a nd a r is e mu ap e ma s o ka t a up i h a kp e n y e d i a b a r a n g / j a s at e r l e p a sd a r il o k a s ime r e k a .

Me mp e r s i n g k a tr a n t a id i s t r i b u s i De n g a n me mu n g k i n k a nj a l a n n y ai n t e r a k s id e n g a nk o n s u me na k h i r ,e -c o mme r c e me mp e r p e n d e kr a n t a id i s t r i b u s ip r o d u ka t a ub a h k a nj u s t r ume n g h i l a n g k a n n y a . De n g a nc a r ai n i ,s a l u r a nl a n g s u n ga n t a r ap r o d u s e na t a up e n y e d i al a y a n a nd a n p e n g g u n aa k h i rme mu n g k i n k a nme r e k au n t u kme n a wa r k a np r o d u ka t a uj a s ay a n g s e s u a id e n g a nt a r g e tp a s a r .

Pe mb a y a r a nl e b i hmu d a h Se l a i ni t u ,d e n g a n   b e r k e mb a n g n y as i s t e mp e mb a y a r a n   y a n ga d as a a ti n is a n g a t me mu d a h k a nt r a n s a k s ie -c o mme r c e .

B r a n dl e b i hd e k a td e n g a nk o n s u me n E-c o mme r c e me mu n g k i n k a nb r a n d   u n t u kl e b i hd e k a td e n g a np e l a n g g a n me r e k a , s e h i n g g ame n i n g k a t k a np r o d u k t i v i t a sd a nd a y as a i n gb a g ip e r u s a h a a n .

Pe n i n g k a t a nk u a l i t a sl a y a n a n De n g a nd e mi k i a n ,k o n s u me nd i u n t u n g k a nd e n g a np e n i n g k a t a nk u a l i t a sl a y a n a n , k e d e k a t a ny a n gl e b i h‘ i n t i m’ ,s e r t ad u k u n g a np r ad a np a s c ap e n j u a l a ny a n gl e b i h e f i s i e n .

B e l a n j ak a p a ns a j a De n g a nb a n y a k n y ab e n t u ka k t i f i t a sp e r d a g a n g a ne l e k t r o n i kb a r u ,A n d ad a p a t b e r b e l a n j ame l a l u it o k ov i r t u a l k a p a n p u ny a n gA n d ama u .

Ef i s i e n s ib i a y a Pe n g u r a n g a nb i a y aa d a l a hk e u n t u n g a np e n t i n gl a i n n y ay a n gt e r k a i td a l a md u n i ae c o mme r c e .Se ma k i nu mu mp r o s e sb i s n i st e r t e n t u ,ma k as e ma k i nb e s a rt i n g k a t k e b e r h a s i l a n n y a .Ha l i t ume n g h a s i l k a np e n g u r a n g a nb i a y aa d mi n i s t r a s iy a n gs i g n i f i k a n . Ke k u r a n g a nE-Co mme r c e B e b e r a p ak e l e ma h a nu t a mad a r ie -c o mme r c ea d a l a hs e b a g a ib e r i k u t :      

Ke t e r g a n t u n g a ny a n gs a n g a tk u a tp a d at e k n o l o g ii n f o r ma s id a nk o mu n i k a s i Ku r a n g n y au n d a n g -u n d a n gy a n gme ma d a iu n t u kme n g a t u rk e g i a t a ne -c o mme r c e , b a i kn a s i o n a l ma u p u ni n t e r n a s i o n a l B u d a y ap a s a ry a n gme n o l a kp e r d a g a n g a ne l e k t r o n i k(p e l a n g g a nt i d a kb i s a me n y e n t u ha t a ume n c o b ap r o d u k ) “ Hi l a n g n y a ”p r i v a s i ,c a k u p a nwi l a y a h ,s e r t ai d e n t i t a sd a np e r e k o n o mi a nn e g a r a Ra wa n n y ame l a k u k a nt r a n s a k s ib i s n i so n l i n e Wa r n ad a nk u a l i t a sp r o d u ky a n gd i j u a lb e l u mt e n t us a maa n t a r af o t oy a n g d i t a mp i l k a nd iwe b s i t ed e n g a np r o d u ka s l i