Revolutionary Situation

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úma,jjd§ ;;ajhla hkq l=ula o@ ,sfhdka fg%dÜials úisks 1931 fkdjeïn¾ 17 1'

úma,jjd§ oDIaá wdia:dkhl isg ;;ajhla úYaf,aIKh lsÍfï § úma,jjd§ ;;ajhl wd¾Ól yd iudc mQ¾jdjYH;d iy úma,jjd§ ;;ajhla u;a w;r fjki y`ÿkd .ekSu wjYH h'

2'

fmdÿfõ l;d lrk úg § úma,jjd§ ;;ajhl wd¾Ól yd iudc mQ¾jdjYH;d ;yjqre jkafka rfÜ ksIamdok Yla;Ska laIh ù hoa§ h; f,dal fj<`o fmd< u; Okm;s rgl iqúfYaI nr l%uhdkql+,j ySk ú tmßoafoka u mka;Skaf.a wh ud¾. l%udkql+,j wvq ù

hoa§ h;

ú/lshdj yqfola wjia:dkq.; WÉpdjpkhl m%;sM,hla fkd j" th jeã hdfï m%jK;djhlska hq;a ia:djr iudc úm;la jk úg § h' fuh uq`Mukska u tx.,ka;fha mj;sk ;;ajh wx.,laIs; lrk w;r" úma,jjd§ ;;ajhl wd¾Ól yd iudc mQ¾jdjYH;d tys mj;sk nj;a Èkm;d tajd jv jvd;a W.%

jk nj;a wmg lsj yelsh' tfy;a" wm

úma,jjd§ ;;ajhla w¾: újrKh lrkafka iudc úoHd;aulj muKla fkdj foaYmd,kslj nj;a óg ufkdanoaO idOlh we;=<;a jk nj;a wm wu;l fkd l< hq;=h' tfia u ufkdanoaO idOlh hkq lïlre mka;sfha mlaIh ms<sno m%Yakh muKla fkdfõ¡ th ish¨ mka;Skaf.a" ksielj u m%Odk jYfhka lïlre mka;sfha yd tys mlaIfha" ú[a[dKh ms<sno m%Yakhls' 3'

flfia j;=ÿ" úma,jjd§ ;;ajhla wdrïN jkafka úma,jhla i`oyd jk wd¾Ól yd iudc mQ¾jdjYH;d u.ska iudcfha;a tys úúO mka;Skaf.a;a ú[a[dKfhys yÈis fjkialï we;s flfrk úg § muKs' ljr fjkialï o@

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wmf.a úYaf,aIKh i`oyd iudc mka;Ska ;=k tlsfklska fjka fldg wm yÿkd .; hq;=h' Okm;s mka;sh" uOH mka;sh fyda iq¨ OfkaYajr" iy

lïlre

mka;sh'

fuu

mka;Skaf.a

udkislfha

wjYH

fjkialï ta tlsfkl mka;sh iïnkaOfhka fnfyúka fjkia fõ'

1

jk

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^wd&

ish¨u kHdh{hkag jvd fydÈka" ì%;dkH lñlre mka;sh wd¾Ól ;;ajh w;sYh ne?reï nj b;d uekúka okS' tfy;a úma,jjd§ ;;ajh È. yefrkafka" merKs iudcfha moku u; fkdj" mj;sk m¾hdhg tfrysj úma,jjd§ ke.sàul udj; Tiafia .e<ùfï u.la fiùug lïlre mka;sh mgka .kakjd;a iu. h' úma,jjd§ ;;ajhla i`oyd jk b;du jeo.;a ufkdanoaO fldkafoaish fuhhs' uyckhdf.a úma,jjd§ ye`.Sïj, ;Sj%;dj jkdys úma,jjd§ ;;ajfhys mßK; Ndjh ms<sno w;sYh jeo.;a we`.ùï j,ska tlls'

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tfy;a úma,jjd§ ;;ajhla hkq" t
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;u moaO;sh fírd .ekSug ;ukag fkd yels nj fmkS hdu;a iu. ;uka flfrys u úYajdih Nx. ù ì§ úisfrkakg;a lKavdhï yd l,a,sj,g fnfokakg;a mgka .kakd md,l mka;sfha ufkda.;sfhys we;s jk fjkialïj,g wkqrEmj yd iudka;rj lïlre mka;sfha iy uOHu mka;sfha ufkda.;sfhys fjkialï we;s ùu'

4'

fuu l%Shdoduhkays ljr ,laIHl§ úma,jjd§ ;;ajh mßmQ¾K f,i mßK; jkafka o hkak l,a ;shd oek.ekSuh fyda ùc .Ks;uh f,i i,l=Kq lsÍug fyda fkd yelsh' úma,jjd§ mlaIhg tu lreK ;sr l< yelafla wr.,h ;=< § muKs' f.dùka yd k.rno iq¨ OfkaIajr fldgia hkdÈh we;=<;a uyckhd u; ;u n,fõ. yd n,mEï jeä ÈhqKq ùu o md,l mka;sfha m%;sfrdaOh ÿn, ùu o u.sks'

2

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5'

wm fuu ks¾Kdhlhka ì%;dkHh iïnkaOfhka fhdof;;a wmg fmkS hkafka"

w'

wd¾Ól yd iudc mQ¾jdjYH;d mj;skafka h hkak iy tajd jvd;a n,.;= o nrm;< o jkafka h hkak'

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flfia j;= o fuu wd¾Ól mQ¾jdjYH;d iy udkisl m%;spdrh w;r md,u ;ju;a f.dv ke,S

ke; hkak' tx.,ka;h ;=< § wjYH

jkafka" oekg u;a fkd bjish yels jk wd¾Ól fldkafoaisj, fjkila fkdj" trfgys mj;akd fuu fkdbjish yels úkdYldÍ ;;ajh flfrys úúO mka;Skaf.a wdl,amfhys fjkils' 6'

iudchl wd¾Ól j¾Okh hkq Y;j¾I yd oYl j,ska .Kka .efkk w;sYh l%ñl l%shdoduhls' tfy;a wdrÓl fldkafoais /äl,a f,i fjkia flreKq úg § l,a miq ù we;s udkisl m%;sl%shdjka läkñka u;= úh yels h' läkñka jqj o fyñka jqj o tjeks fjkialï" fkd je<elaúh yels f,i mka;Skaf.a ufkd.;sh flfrys n,mE hq;=h' wmg úma,jjd§ ;;ajhla ,efnkafka túg § muKs'

7'

foaYmd,k w¾:fhka fuys f;areu:

w'

fldkai¾jeáõ yd ,snr,ajreka flfrys muKla fkdj, ,snr,a mlaIh flfrys o

lïlre mka;sh ish úYajdih

ke;s lr .; hq;= h' th

;u wêIaGdkh yd ffO¾hh úma,jjd§ wruqKq yd úêl%u flfrys ixflakaø l< hq;= h' wd'

uy Okm;shka flfrys;a idñjreka flfrys;a úYajdih ì`o .kakd uOHu mka;sh" úma,jjd§ lñlre mka;sh fj; ish fk;a fhduq l< hq;=h'

we'

uyckhd úiska m%;slafIam flreKq foafmd< yssñ mka;Ska yd md,l l,a,s ;uka flfrys u úYajdih ke;s lr .; hq;=h'

8'

fï wdl,amhka fkdje<elaúh yels f,i u j¾Okh jkq we;' tfy;a tajd wo Èk fkd mj;S' nrm;< w¾nqoh ksid th flá ld,hla ;=< § j¾Okh úh yels h' tajd wjqreÿ fol ;=kl § fyda wjqreoaola ;=< § mjd fyda j¾Okh úh yels h' tfy;a wo Èk fuh mj;skafka bÈß 3

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o¾Ykhla jYfhks' idOlhla jYfhka fkd fõ' wm wfma ms<sfj; mokï l< hq;af;a wo Èk lreKq u; ñi fyg Èk lreKq u; fkdfõ' 9'

úma,jjd§ ;;ajhla ioyd foaYmd,k mQ¾jdjYH;d tla úg § u yd wvq jeä ;rñka iudka;rj j¾Okh jkafka kuqÿ" tys f;areu jkafka ta ish,a, tla fudfyd;l§ mßK; jkafka h hkak fkd fõ' bÈßfha mj;sk wka;rdh thhs' mßK; jk foaYmd,k fldkafoais hgf;a w;sYhska u wmßK;j mj;skafka lñlre mka;sfha úma,jjd§ mlaIhhs' lïlre mka;sfha yd uOHu mka;sfha fmdÿ úma,jjd§ mßj¾;kh yd md,l mka;sfha foaYmd,ksl ì§ úisr hdu" fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha mßK; ùug jvd blauKska j¾Okh úh yelsh hkak fkd ;ld yßkq fkd,efí' fuys w¾:h jkafka" wjYH ;rfï úma,jjd§ mlaIhlska f;drj wjHdc úma,jjd§ ;;ajhla j¾Okh úh yelsh hkak hs' th tla;rd ÿrlg

1923 c¾uksfha mej;s ;;ajfha mqkreÉpdrKhla jkq

we;' tfy;a fuh wo tx.,ka;fha mj;sk ;;ajh hehs lsu uq`Mukska u jerÈ fõ' 10'

úma,jjd§ ;;ajfhys wfkl=;a uq,sldx.j,g miq miska mlaIfha j¾Okh isÿúh yelsh hkak wm fkd;ld yßkafka ke;' tfy;a fuh fkdje<elaùh yelalla fkdfõ. wmg ksYaÑ; wkdjelshla m< l< fkdyelsh' tfy;a th wkdjelshla m< lsÍu ms<sno m%Yakhla fkdfõ' th wfma u l%shdldÍ;ajh ms<sno m%Yakhls'

11'

Okm;s iudcfha fuu wjia:dkq.; ;;ajfha § Okm;s mlaI ;=k iu`. mj;akd ish iïnkaO;d ìo .ekSug ì%;dkH lïlre mka;shg fld;rï ld,hla wjYH fõo@ wfkl=;a mlaIj, nxfldf,d;a Ndjfha;a ìÈ úisr hdfï;a m%udKhg wkqrEmj ksjerÈ ms<sfj;la iys; fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh jeã hdug uq`Mukskau bv we;' fuu ilH;djka idlaId;a lsÍu wmf.a wruqK yd hq;=lu fjhs'

4

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ks.ukhka : tx.,ka;fha mj;sk foaYmd,k .eàu m%cd;ka;%jdoh yd *eisiaÜjdoh w;r hehs lSu uq`Mukskau jerÈ jkafka wehsoehs fuhska we;s ;rï meyeÈ,s fjhs' *eisiaÜjdofha wjêh nerEreï f,i wdrïN jkafka lïlre mka;shg tfrysj Okm;s mka;sh ,;a

jeo.;a jkkd jQ hï ld, mßÉfþohlg ;srKd;aul

jkakd jQ;a ch.%yKhlska miqj h' flfia j;=ÿ tx.,ka;fha oejeka; wr., t
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flfrkaislsjdofha ld, mßÉfþoh hehs lshuq' flfrkaialsjdoh yeu wjia:djl§ u yd yeu rgl § u reishdkq flfrkaialsjdoh fuka wjYHfhka u ÿ¾j, jkq ke; hkak o fuys § lsj hq;= fõ' reishdkq flfrkaialsjdoh ÿ¾j, jqfha fnd,afYaúla mlaIh Yla;su;aj

mej;s

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f,ilskq;a reishdfõ § fuka ÿ¾j, fkd fõ' Bg fya;=j" fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha

ÿ¾j,;ajhhs'

flfrkaialsjdoh"

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úma,jhg

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wk;=rls' flfrkaialsjdoh" m%;sixialrKjd§, —úma,jjd§"˜ —m%cd;ka;%jd§˜" — iudcjd§˜ jdlH LKav yd oaú;Shsl m%cd;ka;%jd§ iudc m%;sixialrK ms<sn`o ms<sfj;la lïlre mka;sfha jdudxYhg tfrys u¾okfha ms<sfj;la iu`. taldnoaO lrhs' fuh *eisiaÜjdofha úêl%uhg mgyeKs jqj o th tu b,lalh u imqrd,hs' wkd.; f,dhsâ fcda¾jdoh mrdch lrkq yelafla tys t<öu wm úiska fmrolskq ,efnf;d;a muKs' f,dhsâ fcda¾Êf.ka o fyg Èk Tyqf.a WmlrKh jk f,an¾ mlaIfhka o mj;sk wk;=rg jvd ÿria: wk;=rla f,i wo mj;sk *eisiaÜjdofha wj;drfhka wm fudaykg m;a fkdjkafka kï muKs' fyg Èk wk;=r úh ylafla m%;sixialrKjd§ mlaIhhs; ,snr,ajd§kaf.a yd iudcjd§kaf.a fmruqK hs' *eisiaÜ wk;=r ;ju;a wjêka 5

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;=kla

fyda

y;rla

tmsáks'

*eisiaÜ

wjêh

w;=

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oeófï

iy

m%;sixialrKjdÈ wjêh wfydais lsßfï fyda ySk lsßfï wfma wr.,h jkdys lïlre mka;sh" fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh fj; Èkd .ekSfï wr.,hls'

mrsj¾;kh: úfca vhia. lïlre udj; m%ldYkhls.

6