Research 1st Monthly Examination Reviewer.docx

RESEARCH (MODULE 1) In simple language, research means searching for knowledge. The Merriam-Webster online dictionary expands this definition as a “careful study that is done to find and report new knowledge about something.” According to research authors: 

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Gather Relevant Information

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Results of research (es) are used as a springboard in conducting more researches or in planning new projects.

2.

Improve Quality of Life

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Geared toward improving quality of life. The major breakthroughs are all possible because of researches conducted. Through continuous research these breakthroughs are further improved to make people’s lives convenient and comfortable.

3.

Understand History

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Understanding history can help us better understand our current society and the behaviour of the people.

4.

Personal and professional Development

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Research challenges us to become better individuals through the new ideas, perspectives and skills that we can get when doing research. Characteristics of Good Research

Research is empirical It uses facts and data that are obtained through a thorough investigation.

Research is analytical The researcher carefully analyses and interprets the gathered data before arriving at a conclusion.

Research is systematic 

It follows procedure in order to obtain objective results.

Research is cyclical 

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Formal and disciplined application of scientific inquiry to the study of problems.

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It begins with a problem and ends with the resolution or tentative answers to the problem to complete the cycle. This only means that every step in the research process is vital to the success of the research.

It is expected that any research output is a product of novel ideas and shows originality. Research Process

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Importance of Research

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Systematic inquiry that is designed to collect, analyze and interpret data to understand, describe or predict phenomenon.

Among its practical applications are discovering medical breakthroughs, advancing technological developments and understanding and solving problems in education, business, economy and society.

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Research is original

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Choose and define a topic Write the problem statement or general problem that the research aims to answer Write down all the gathered relevant information in line with the topic and logically organize the outline Develop research strategy to save time and effort in conducting the research Evaluate and check the credibility of the sources employed in the research Write, revise and check the contents of the paper Cite documents or sources properly to be able to establish the credibility of the research. Ethics in Research

Ethics are norms for conduct that distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable behaviour. 1.

Honesty  Do not fabricate, falsify or misrepresent data. 2. Objectivity  Avoid or minimize self-deception. 3. Integrity  Keep your promises and agreements; act with sincerity; strive for consistency of thought and action. 4. Carefulness  Keep good records of research activities such as data collection, research design and correspondence with agencies. 5. Openness  Be open to new ideas and criticism. 6. Respect for intellectual property  Give proper acknowledgement or credit for all contributions to research never plagiarize. 7. Confidentiality  Protect confidential communications and personal information of your respondents. 8. Social Responsibility  Strive to promote social good and prevent or mitigate social harms through research, public education and advocacy. 9. Competence  Maintain and improve your social competence and expertise through lifelong education and learning. 10. Legality  Know and obey relevant laws and institutional and governmental policies. 11. Animal Care  Do not conduct unnecessary or poorly designed animal experiments. 12. Human Subjects Protection  When conducting research to human subjects, minimize harms and risks and maximize benefits; respect human dignity and privacy; take special precautions with vulnerable populations; strive to distribute the benefits and burden of research fairly.

RESEARCH (MODULE 2) Qualitative Research versus Quantitative Research Inside the classroom, the teacher made a remark, “you got 75 passing mark!” The teacher also commented that “your classmate seems uninterested to study the lessons.” Quantitative observations are usually characterized by numerical measure such as the passing mark of 75. Qualitative observation meanwhile, describes a certain phenomenon or event can be observed through the senses. Usually qualitative data are in words such as the statement made by the teacher that the student seems uninterested to study the lessons. Research techniques can be qualified into two broad categories: 1.

Quantitative

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Qualitative

Qualitative Research The researcher ask the participants to respond to some questions and further probe the answers by giving follow-up questions to get a thorough response to a certain question. Below are some examples of qualitative research topics: 1.

Students images of Chemistry

2.

Gender and cultural gaps in the classroom

3.

Science practices of the Mangyan tribe

Quantitative (From the root word quantity) Collect data in the form of numbers. Some examples of quantitative data are height, weight, and age of a person; daily or monthly income of an employee; and your grades in your academic subjects.

Looking at these topics, you may infer that the data that can be gathered will not be numerical data but symbols and verbal descriptions.

Qualitative Quantitative Research (From the root word quality) Collect data in the form of words or statements.

Research questions are usually geared toward measuring hypothesis using statistical tools.

Difference between qualitative and quantitative research

Example of quantitative research topics: 1.

Predictors of science performance

2.

Growth performance of Organic Fertilizer

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Population rate in Metro Manila in the next 20 years

Looking at these examples, you may say that the kind of data that can be generated is numerical. The primary data is obtained from existing data or experiment. Like for instance, population rate, you may the get data from the available statistics and predict the rate in the next 20 years using a statistical formula. Likewise, a numerical data can be obtained of you are aiming to find growth performance of organic fertilizer by taking the length of the leaves or the stem of experimented plants.