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EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT IN A PETROL ENGINE USING WATER INJECTION
CHAPTER -1
INTRODUCTION Today’s petrol engine is well established, has been used extensively in the last century for various applications. These include aircraft, automobiles, electrical generators and multipurpose industrial engines. Water injection produces to reduce pre-detonation in the combustion chamber and fuel consumption was reduced extensively. The experiment worked that carried out on a single cylinder engine established water injection system, different water quantities supplied constantly with air to the engine. Data was recorded over a period of time. Significantly, fuel and energy consumption rate increased with small amounts of water addition, water injection really represents a new way to avoid detonation and control NOx formation in SI engines. Several different methods of water addition have been developed. These studies have shown that further reduction of harmful emissions is still possible. The aim of the project work is to investigate experimentally the effect of the water injection to reduce the fuel conception and temperature of a 110 cc petrol engine. The Electronic fuel injector consists of a small tank, pump, microcontroller unit, engine set up and fuel injector. The microcontroller unit is used to setting the fuel injection period. The fuel pump is used to suction the fuel in to deliver the fuel injector. The 12 volt fuel injector is used to inject the fuel in to the cylinder. This 12v fuel injector is controlled by the microcontroller unit.
Project Report’19, Department of ME, MGMCET
Page 1
EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT IN A PETROL ENGINE USING WATER INJECTION
CHAPTER-2
OBJECTIVE The main objective of this project is to improve compression ratio and thereby eliminating the problems
of
engine
knocking
or
detonation.Knocking
in
spark-ignition
internal
combustion engines occurs when combustion of some of the air/fuel mixture in the cylinder does not result from propagation of the flamefront ignited by the spark plug, but one or more pockets of air/fuel mixture explode.Also by implementing anti –detonation we can improve fuel efficiency also without getting any damage to engine.Reduction in NOx and carbon monoxide emissions are also possible.A new way to avoid detonation and control NOx formation in SI engine. Several different methods of water addition have been developed. These studies have shown that further reduction of harmful emissions is still possible. The aim of the project work is to investigate experimentally the effect of the water injection to reduce the fuel conception and temperature of a 110 cc petrol engine.
Project Report’19, Department of ME, MGMCET
Page 2
EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT IN A PETROL ENGINE USING WATER INJECTION
CHAPTER -3
PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION In ordinary engines there are certain problems.When unburned fuel/air mixture is
subjected
to a combination of heat and pressure for a certain duration detonation may occur.Detonation is characterized by an almost instantaneous, explosive ignition of at least one pocket of fuel/air mixture outside of the flame front.A local shockwave is created around each pocket and the cylinder pressure will rise sharply,and possibly beyond its design limits causing damage.If detonation is allowed to persist under extreme conditions or over many engine cycles, engine parts can be damaged or destroyed.As a result of incomplete combustion of air-fuel mixture Nox and carbon monoxide emission increases from engines.Incomplete combustion and detonation causes decrease in engine efficiency & severe knocking leads to rupture of combustion chamber. Also decrease in fuel efficiency of engine is arised due to high temperature formation inside the combustion chamber.Moreover as we comparing the injection of water in to combustion chamber and without injecting water,engine gets additional benefits of increase in efficiency,reduction in knocking and carbon emission can be reduced to a greater extent.
Project Report’19, Department of ME, MGMCET
Page 3
EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT IN A PETROL ENGINE USING WATER INJECTION
CHAPTER-4
METHODOLOGY
Project Report’19, Department of ME, MGMCET
Page 4
EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT IN A PETROL ENGINE USING WATER INJECTION
CHAPTER -5
LITERATURE REVIEW In internal combustion engines,water injection is also called anti-detonation.Anti-detonation enables cooling and reduces the problem of knocking also allowing greater compression ratios. Antidetonation reduces air intake temparature in combustion chamber and enhance performance of engine. In order
to enhance performance
component
conjuction with supercharger or turbocharger
is
essential.Reduction in air intake temparature allows aggressive ignition timing which increases engine output.Improvement in power and fuel efficiency can be obtained by injecting water.Water injection also helps to reduce Nox or carbon monoxide emissions.The heat from cylinder head and intake air is transferred in to water as ambient temparature water is injected.Anti-detonation makes intake charge to cool and evaporate.A cooler intake charge has low tendency to knocking due to it’s high volumetric efficiency.As though knocking is higher in forced induction engines anti-detonation is an aid to prevent knocking. There is no need of retarding ignition timing on using water injection.Fuel and energy consumption rate is increased with water addition,but it leads way to prevent detonation and control of NOx formation.
Project Report’19, Department of ME, MGMCET
Page 5
EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT IN A PETROL ENGINE USING WATER INJECTION
CHAPTER-6
DESIGN The Electronic fuel injector consists of a small tank, pump, microcontroller unit, engine set up and fuel injector.The microcontroller unit is used to setting the fuel injection period.The fuel pump is used to suction the fuel in to deliver the fuel injector.The 12 volt fuel injector is used to inject the fuel in to the cylinder.This 12v fuel injector is controlled by the microcontroller unit.The design consist of Engine,Fueltank,Fuel injector with nozzle,Timer,Bearing with bearing cap,Battery.
Figure 5.1 Image of Anti-Detonation Process A new way to avoid detonation and control NOx formation in SI engine. Several different methods of water addition have been developed. These studies have shown that further reduction of harmful
Project Report’19, Department of ME, MGMCET
Page 6
EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT IN A PETROL ENGINE USING WATER INJECTION emissions is still possible. The aim of the project work is to investigate experimentally the effect of the water injection to reduce the fuel conception and temperature of a 110 cc petrol engine.
SPECIFICATION: ENGINE
CC : 100 HORSE POWER : 7BHP TYPE : 4 STROKE DC PUMP
DISCHARGE : 1 LPM
HEAD : 1 FEET
BATTERY
TYPE : LEAD ACID
VOLTAGE : 12 VOLT
CURRENT : 7 AH
SIZE : 150mm*65mm*95mm
WEIGHT : 2 Kg (Approx)
INJECTOR
PRESSURE > 4 bar, Angle:20º Single point injection
Project Report’19, Department of ME, MGMCET
Page 7
EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT IN A PETROL ENGINE USING WATER INJECTION
CHAPTER-7
COMPONENTS 7.1 CARBURETOR The main function of a carburetor is to maintain a small reserve of petrol at a constant level in float chamber which atomize the petrol and mix it with air and to supply air-fuel ratio vapour mixture at correct ratio according to 110 cc engine equipment. 7.2 FUEL TANK
The fuel tank will supply the petrol in to injector. This tank is made up of plastic material. 7.3 WATER TANK The water tank will supply the water in to the manifold between carburetor and engine with the help of nozzle, water flow will control by the flow control valve. 7.4 BATTERY In isolated systems away from the grid, batteries are used for storage of excess solar energy converted into electrical energy. The only exceptions are isolated sunshine load such as irrigation pumps or drinking water supplies for storage. In fact for small units with output less than one kilowatt. Batteries seem to be the only technically and economically available storage means. Since both the photo-voltaic system and batteries are high in capital costs. It is necessary that the overall system be optimized with respect to available energy and local demand pattern.Battery is used for the working of the control unit and pump. Project Report’19, Department of ME, MGMCET
Page 8
EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT IN A PETROL ENGINE USING WATER INJECTION
7.5 ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT UNIT It controls one or more of the electrical system or subsystems in a transport vehicle 555 timer connected to solenoid and compressor the capacitor C charges through R1 and R2 and the voltage on the capacitor reaches 2/3 of the supply. The capacitor discharges through R2 until its voltage is 1/3 of the supply. 7.6 FUEL INJECTOR (OR ATOMISER) WITH NOZZLE The injector consists of the nozzle, nozzle valve, spring and body. The fuel is forced under pressure by the fuel injection pump. The fuel lifts the nozzle valve because of the pressure, and then the fuel is sprayed through the nozzle hole. The nozzle valve is returned to its seat by the spring. Some amount of oil which is not injected passes through the nozzle valve and reaches the tank through the leak-off pipe. 7.7 BEARING WITH BEARING CAP The bearings are pressed smoothly to fit into the shafts because if hammered the bearing may develop cracks. Bearing is made up of steel material and bearing cap is mild steel. 7.8 FUEL PUMP Fuel pump is used to circulate the fuel to the injector. In our project, the 12 Volt D.C fuel pump is used. The battery is connected to the D.C water pump, so that D.C fuel pump runs directly.
Project Report’19, Department of ME, MGMCET
Page 9
EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT IN A PETROL ENGINE USING WATER INJECTION
CHAPTER-8
WORKING PRINCIPLE The Pressurized fuel is given to the input supply of this fuel injector. The 12 volt pump is used to suction the water from the water tank and is given to the fuel injector. The fuel injector is controlled by the microcontroller unit. The fuel and air is supplied from the carburetor already used in the petrol engine. The 12v power supply is given to the fuel injector coil. The coil gets energized to open the nozzle hole so that the pressurized water sprayed by the injector nozzle. Engine power production, referred to as break mean effective pressure(BMEP), is measured by taking the average effective pressure of the cylinders as they progress through intake, compression, ignition, and exhaust strokes. Added power comes as a result of greater pressure, but a higher temperature inside the cylinder accompanies greater pressure. These higher temperatures can lead to detonation, referred to as engine knock, or pre-ignition, both of which are cases where the fuel-air mixture burns in an undesirable manner and can be destructive to an engine. To combat knock and pre-ignition as power increases, a richer air-to-fuel ratio is normally required. If the addition of extra fuel doesn’t provide enough knock protection, then a higher-octane fuel, which is more resistant to knock and pre-ignition, may be used.
Project Report’19, Department of ME, MGMCET
Page 10
EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT IN A PETROL ENGINE USING WATER INJECTION
CHAPTER -9
WORKING SCHEDULE
FUEL EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT IN PETROL ENGINE BY USING WATER INJECTION NAME GUIDE ELVIN LUKOSE ADAI PAUL JITHUMON JAMES ELDHOSE VARGHESE GEEVARGHESE SABU Table 9.1 Names of members and guide of project group NATURE OF THE PROJECT:ANALYSIS AND FABRICATION DETAILED SCHEDULE DATE 11/2/2019 - 13/2/2019 15/2/2019 - 20/2/2019 20/2/2019 - 23/2/2019 25/2/2019 - 28/2/2019 7/3/2019 - 10/3/2019
REASON DATA COLLECTION COMPONENT PURCHASING WORKSHOP IDENTIFICATION ERROR CORRECTION FABRICATION Table 9.2 Detailed Schedule
Project Report’19, Department of ME, MGMCET
Page 11
EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT IN A PETROL ENGINE USING WATER INJECTION
CHAPTER – 10
COST ESTIMATION SL NO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
PARTS QUANTITY MATERIAL Frame Stand 1 Mild Steel Fuel Injector 1 Aluminium Battery 1 Lead Acid Timer Unit 1 Electronics Engine 1 100 cc Fuel Pump 1 Electro Magnetic Connecting Wire 1 Copper Bolt and Nut MS Wheel 1 CEAT Arrangement Labour Charge TOTAL COST Table 10.1 Cost Estimation
Project Report’19, Department of ME, MGMCET
COST(approx) 1000 1000 2000 500 5500 1000 200 100 1000 1000 14000
Page 12
EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT IN A PETROL ENGINE USING WATER INJECTION
CHAPTER-11
CONCLUSION
This project work has provided us an excellent opportunity and experience, to use our limited knowledge. We gained a lot of practical knowledge regarding, planning, purchasing, assembling and machining while doing this project work. We feel that the project work is a good solution to bridge the gates between the institution and the industries. We are proud that we have partially completed the work within the limited time successfully. “FABRICATION OF FUEL EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT IN PETROL ENGINE BY USING WATER INJECTION” system is working with satisfactory conditions. We can able to understand the difficulties in maintaining the tolerances and also the quality. We have done to our ability and skill making maximum use of available facilities.
Project Report’19, Department of ME, MGMCET
Page 13
EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT IN A PETROL ENGINE USING WATER INJECTION
CHAPTER-12
REFERENCE
Brun, R. J., Olsen, H. L. and Miller, C. D. End-Zone Water Injection as a means of suppressing knock in a spark-ignition engine.Aircraft Engine Re- search Laboratory, Cleveland, Ohio.
Heywood, J. E. “Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals”. Singapore.McGraw-Hill Education.
Balasubramani.T, Jeyapaul.S, Karthick.K, Karthick.M, Manikandan.G (2016), “Fuel efficiency improvement in a petrol engine by using water injection”, International Journal of Latest Trends in Engineering and Technology
Babu.A.R, AmbaPrasadRao.G, HariPrasad.T (2015), “Direct injection of water mist in an intake manifold spark ignition engine”, International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering.
Prabhat Kumar Jha, Karunamurthy.K, Joy Das (2016), “Study of exhaust gas temperature of s i engine using water injection”, Indian Journal of Science and Technology.
Project Report’19, Department of ME, MGMCET
Page 14
EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT IN A PETROL ENGINE USING WATER INJECTION
Project Report’19, Department of ME, MGMCET
Page 15
CHAPTER -1
INTRODUCTION Today’s petrol engine is well established, has been used extensively in the last century for various applications. These include aircraft, automobiles, electrical generators and multipurpose industrial engines. Water injection produces to reduce pre-detonation in the combustion chamber and fuel consumption was reduced extensively. The experiment worked that carried out on a single cylinder engine established water injection system, different water quantities supplied constantly with air to the engine. Data was recorded over a period of time. Significantly, fuel and energy consumption rate increased with small amounts of water addition, water injection really represents a new way to avoid detonation and control NOx formation in SI engines. Several different methods of water addition have been developed. These studies have shown that further reduction of harmful emissions is still possible. The aim of the project work is to investigate experimentally the effect of the water injection to reduce the fuel conception and temperature of a 110 cc petrol engine. The Electronic fuel injector consists of a small tank, pump, microcontroller unit, engine set up and fuel injector. The microcontroller unit is used to setting the fuel injection period. The fuel pump is used to suction the fuel in to deliver the fuel injector. The 12 volt fuel injector is used to inject the fuel in to the cylinder. This 12v fuel injector is controlled by the microcontroller unit.
Project Report’19, Department of ME, MGMCET
Page 1
EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT IN A PETROL ENGINE USING WATER INJECTION
CHAPTER-2
OBJECTIVE The main objective of this project is to improve compression ratio and thereby eliminating the problems
of
engine
knocking
or
detonation.Knocking
in
spark-ignition
internal
combustion engines occurs when combustion of some of the air/fuel mixture in the cylinder does not result from propagation of the flamefront ignited by the spark plug, but one or more pockets of air/fuel mixture explode.Also by implementing anti –detonation we can improve fuel efficiency also without getting any damage to engine.Reduction in NOx and carbon monoxide emissions are also possible.A new way to avoid detonation and control NOx formation in SI engine. Several different methods of water addition have been developed. These studies have shown that further reduction of harmful emissions is still possible. The aim of the project work is to investigate experimentally the effect of the water injection to reduce the fuel conception and temperature of a 110 cc petrol engine.
Project Report’19, Department of ME, MGMCET
Page 2
EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT IN A PETROL ENGINE USING WATER INJECTION
CHAPTER -3
PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION In ordinary engines there are certain problems.When unburned fuel/air mixture is
subjected
to a combination of heat and pressure for a certain duration detonation may occur.Detonation is characterized by an almost instantaneous, explosive ignition of at least one pocket of fuel/air mixture outside of the flame front.A local shockwave is created around each pocket and the cylinder pressure will rise sharply,and possibly beyond its design limits causing damage.If detonation is allowed to persist under extreme conditions or over many engine cycles, engine parts can be damaged or destroyed.As a result of incomplete combustion of air-fuel mixture Nox and carbon monoxide emission increases from engines.Incomplete combustion and detonation causes decrease in engine efficiency & severe knocking leads to rupture of combustion chamber. Also decrease in fuel efficiency of engine is arised due to high temperature formation inside the combustion chamber.Moreover as we comparing the injection of water in to combustion chamber and without injecting water,engine gets additional benefits of increase in efficiency,reduction in knocking and carbon emission can be reduced to a greater extent.
Project Report’19, Department of ME, MGMCET
Page 3
EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT IN A PETROL ENGINE USING WATER INJECTION
CHAPTER-4
METHODOLOGY
Project Report’19, Department of ME, MGMCET
Page 4
EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT IN A PETROL ENGINE USING WATER INJECTION
CHAPTER -5
LITERATURE REVIEW In internal combustion engines,water injection is also called anti-detonation.Anti-detonation enables cooling and reduces the problem of knocking also allowing greater compression ratios. Antidetonation reduces air intake temparature in combustion chamber and enhance performance of engine. In order
to enhance performance
component
conjuction with supercharger or turbocharger
is
essential.Reduction in air intake temparature allows aggressive ignition timing which increases engine output.Improvement in power and fuel efficiency can be obtained by injecting water.Water injection also helps to reduce Nox or carbon monoxide emissions.The heat from cylinder head and intake air is transferred in to water as ambient temparature water is injected.Anti-detonation makes intake charge to cool and evaporate.A cooler intake charge has low tendency to knocking due to it’s high volumetric efficiency.As though knocking is higher in forced induction engines anti-detonation is an aid to prevent knocking. There is no need of retarding ignition timing on using water injection.Fuel and energy consumption rate is increased with water addition,but it leads way to prevent detonation and control of NOx formation.
Project Report’19, Department of ME, MGMCET
Page 5
EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT IN A PETROL ENGINE USING WATER INJECTION
CHAPTER-6
DESIGN The Electronic fuel injector consists of a small tank, pump, microcontroller unit, engine set up and fuel injector.The microcontroller unit is used to setting the fuel injection period.The fuel pump is used to suction the fuel in to deliver the fuel injector.The 12 volt fuel injector is used to inject the fuel in to the cylinder.This 12v fuel injector is controlled by the microcontroller unit.The design consist of Engine,Fueltank,Fuel injector with nozzle,Timer,Bearing with bearing cap,Battery.
Figure 5.1 Image of Anti-Detonation Process A new way to avoid detonation and control NOx formation in SI engine. Several different methods of water addition have been developed. These studies have shown that further reduction of harmful
Project Report’19, Department of ME, MGMCET
Page 6
EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT IN A PETROL ENGINE USING WATER INJECTION emissions is still possible. The aim of the project work is to investigate experimentally the effect of the water injection to reduce the fuel conception and temperature of a 110 cc petrol engine.
SPECIFICATION: ENGINE
CC : 100 HORSE POWER : 7BHP TYPE : 4 STROKE DC PUMP
DISCHARGE : 1 LPM
HEAD : 1 FEET
BATTERY
TYPE : LEAD ACID
VOLTAGE : 12 VOLT
CURRENT : 7 AH
SIZE : 150mm*65mm*95mm
WEIGHT : 2 Kg (Approx)
INJECTOR
PRESSURE > 4 bar, Angle:20º Single point injection
Project Report’19, Department of ME, MGMCET
Page 7
EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT IN A PETROL ENGINE USING WATER INJECTION
CHAPTER-7
COMPONENTS 7.1 CARBURETOR The main function of a carburetor is to maintain a small reserve of petrol at a constant level in float chamber which atomize the petrol and mix it with air and to supply air-fuel ratio vapour mixture at correct ratio according to 110 cc engine equipment. 7.2 FUEL TANK
The fuel tank will supply the petrol in to injector. This tank is made up of plastic material. 7.3 WATER TANK The water tank will supply the water in to the manifold between carburetor and engine with the help of nozzle, water flow will control by the flow control valve. 7.4 BATTERY In isolated systems away from the grid, batteries are used for storage of excess solar energy converted into electrical energy. The only exceptions are isolated sunshine load such as irrigation pumps or drinking water supplies for storage. In fact for small units with output less than one kilowatt. Batteries seem to be the only technically and economically available storage means. Since both the photo-voltaic system and batteries are high in capital costs. It is necessary that the overall system be optimized with respect to available energy and local demand pattern.Battery is used for the working of the control unit and pump. Project Report’19, Department of ME, MGMCET
Page 8
EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT IN A PETROL ENGINE USING WATER INJECTION
7.5 ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT UNIT It controls one or more of the electrical system or subsystems in a transport vehicle 555 timer connected to solenoid and compressor the capacitor C charges through R1 and R2 and the voltage on the capacitor reaches 2/3 of the supply. The capacitor discharges through R2 until its voltage is 1/3 of the supply. 7.6 FUEL INJECTOR (OR ATOMISER) WITH NOZZLE The injector consists of the nozzle, nozzle valve, spring and body. The fuel is forced under pressure by the fuel injection pump. The fuel lifts the nozzle valve because of the pressure, and then the fuel is sprayed through the nozzle hole. The nozzle valve is returned to its seat by the spring. Some amount of oil which is not injected passes through the nozzle valve and reaches the tank through the leak-off pipe. 7.7 BEARING WITH BEARING CAP The bearings are pressed smoothly to fit into the shafts because if hammered the bearing may develop cracks. Bearing is made up of steel material and bearing cap is mild steel. 7.8 FUEL PUMP Fuel pump is used to circulate the fuel to the injector. In our project, the 12 Volt D.C fuel pump is used. The battery is connected to the D.C water pump, so that D.C fuel pump runs directly.
Project Report’19, Department of ME, MGMCET
Page 9
EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT IN A PETROL ENGINE USING WATER INJECTION
CHAPTER-8
WORKING PRINCIPLE The Pressurized fuel is given to the input supply of this fuel injector. The 12 volt pump is used to suction the water from the water tank and is given to the fuel injector. The fuel injector is controlled by the microcontroller unit. The fuel and air is supplied from the carburetor already used in the petrol engine. The 12v power supply is given to the fuel injector coil. The coil gets energized to open the nozzle hole so that the pressurized water sprayed by the injector nozzle. Engine power production, referred to as break mean effective pressure(BMEP), is measured by taking the average effective pressure of the cylinders as they progress through intake, compression, ignition, and exhaust strokes. Added power comes as a result of greater pressure, but a higher temperature inside the cylinder accompanies greater pressure. These higher temperatures can lead to detonation, referred to as engine knock, or pre-ignition, both of which are cases where the fuel-air mixture burns in an undesirable manner and can be destructive to an engine. To combat knock and pre-ignition as power increases, a richer air-to-fuel ratio is normally required. If the addition of extra fuel doesn’t provide enough knock protection, then a higher-octane fuel, which is more resistant to knock and pre-ignition, may be used.
Project Report’19, Department of ME, MGMCET
Page 10
EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT IN A PETROL ENGINE USING WATER INJECTION
CHAPTER -9
WORKING SCHEDULE
FUEL EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT IN PETROL ENGINE BY USING WATER INJECTION NAME GUIDE ELVIN LUKOSE ADAI PAUL JITHUMON JAMES ELDHOSE VARGHESE GEEVARGHESE SABU Table 9.1 Names of members and guide of project group NATURE OF THE PROJECT:ANALYSIS AND FABRICATION DETAILED SCHEDULE DATE 11/2/2019 - 13/2/2019 15/2/2019 - 20/2/2019 20/2/2019 - 23/2/2019 25/2/2019 - 28/2/2019 7/3/2019 - 10/3/2019
REASON DATA COLLECTION COMPONENT PURCHASING WORKSHOP IDENTIFICATION ERROR CORRECTION FABRICATION Table 9.2 Detailed Schedule
Project Report’19, Department of ME, MGMCET
Page 11
EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT IN A PETROL ENGINE USING WATER INJECTION
CHAPTER – 10
COST ESTIMATION SL NO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
PARTS QUANTITY MATERIAL Frame Stand 1 Mild Steel Fuel Injector 1 Aluminium Battery 1 Lead Acid Timer Unit 1 Electronics Engine 1 100 cc Fuel Pump 1 Electro Magnetic Connecting Wire 1 Copper Bolt and Nut MS Wheel 1 CEAT Arrangement Labour Charge TOTAL COST Table 10.1 Cost Estimation
Project Report’19, Department of ME, MGMCET
COST(approx) 1000 1000 2000 500 5500 1000 200 100 1000 1000 14000
Page 12
EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT IN A PETROL ENGINE USING WATER INJECTION
CHAPTER-11
CONCLUSION
This project work has provided us an excellent opportunity and experience, to use our limited knowledge. We gained a lot of practical knowledge regarding, planning, purchasing, assembling and machining while doing this project work. We feel that the project work is a good solution to bridge the gates between the institution and the industries. We are proud that we have partially completed the work within the limited time successfully. “FABRICATION OF FUEL EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT IN PETROL ENGINE BY USING WATER INJECTION” system is working with satisfactory conditions. We can able to understand the difficulties in maintaining the tolerances and also the quality. We have done to our ability and skill making maximum use of available facilities.
Project Report’19, Department of ME, MGMCET
Page 13
EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT IN A PETROL ENGINE USING WATER INJECTION
CHAPTER-12
REFERENCE
Brun, R. J., Olsen, H. L. and Miller, C. D. End-Zone Water Injection as a means of suppressing knock in a spark-ignition engine.Aircraft Engine Re- search Laboratory, Cleveland, Ohio.
Heywood, J. E. “Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals”. Singapore.McGraw-Hill Education.
Balasubramani.T, Jeyapaul.S, Karthick.K, Karthick.M, Manikandan.G (2016), “Fuel efficiency improvement in a petrol engine by using water injection”, International Journal of Latest Trends in Engineering and Technology
Babu.A.R, AmbaPrasadRao.G, HariPrasad.T (2015), “Direct injection of water mist in an intake manifold spark ignition engine”, International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering.
Prabhat Kumar Jha, Karunamurthy.K, Joy Das (2016), “Study of exhaust gas temperature of s i engine using water injection”, Indian Journal of Science and Technology.
Project Report’19, Department of ME, MGMCET
Page 14
EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT IN A PETROL ENGINE USING WATER INJECTION
Project Report’19, Department of ME, MGMCET
Page 15
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October 2019 15