رئاسة الجمھورية وحدة تنفيذ الســدود مشروع سد ِمروى Republic of the Sudan Presidency of the Republic DAMS IMPLEMENTATION UNIT (DIU) MEROWE DAM PROJECT
دراســـات الجدوى وتصميم المشـروع Egyptian Ministry of Works 1946 SWEKO 1984 MONENCO AGRA 1993 PB POWER 1999 MOTT MACDONALD 2000 NC LAVALIN 2001 HYDROPROJECT 2001 (main design) LAHMEYER INTERNATIONAL 2001 (final design)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
واقع التوليد المائى بالسودان .1 .2 .3 .4 .5
سنار ) النيل األزرق( 15 ميقا واط خشم القربة )نھر عطبرة( 17 ميقا واط جبل أوليا )النيل األبيض( 30 ميقا واط الروصريص )النيل االزرق( 280 ميقا واط 1250ميقا واط سد ِمروى )نھر النيل(
(المشاركون فى تنفيذ المشروع ) سد ِمروى 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
CCMD JOINT VENTURE (Civil Works – Contracts 2A, 2B, 2C) china CCMD JOINT VENTURE (HYDROMECHANICAL Contracts 3D) china Alstom (Electro‐Mechanical Works–Contracts 3A,3B,3C,3E ) France Consortium HPE‐JPPC (Transmission Line– Contracts 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D) china LAHMEYER INTERNATIONAL (CONSULTING ENGINEERS for all contracts) GERMANY
تفاصيل العقد 1. 2A cover dams right bank 2. 2B concrete dams 3. 2C cover dams left bank See (2A‐2B‐2C+Infra structure‐ resettlement‐ north district development) & (Power generation general) 4. 3A Turbine See (3A Turbine) 5. 3B Generator See (3B Generator) 6. 3C Transformer See (3C Transformer) 7. 3E Balance of Plant See (3E Balance of Plant) 8. 3D Hydro Mechanical 9. See (3D Hydro Mechanical)
Main and general Points 1. Generator speed 120 p
P
min
2
Example:‐ ¾
¾
= 136.4
100
min
¾ The main function of the equation above is to determine the optimum speed for specific frequency of the runner as well as generator.
2. Watt, Var & VA
S (Mega VA) Q (Mega Var)
Ø
P (Mega watt)
In any power generation process there are two main output components 1. (P) Active Power for the consumers and the unit rate Mega Watt 2. (Q) Reactive Power for controlling the voltage value in the network and the unit rate is Mega Var For example: If the voltage value in net work is 500 KV An amount of (Q) reactive power required to keep the value of it as it’s And that (Q) reactive power unit measured in Mega Var So If the voltage value in the network dropped down for any reason (Q) Power production should increase up to balance the voltage value to 500 KV again If the voltage value in the network increased up for any reason (Q) Power production should decrease down to balance the voltage value to 500 KV again So (Q) power is working as a governor to the voltage value in the network • the victor result of the tow power production above (P& Q) is (S) power (appeared power) • (S) appeared power is the total power generation and its unit rate is (Mega Volt Ampere) • Cos Ø = power factor (0.85 – 0.99) best value • Q/P = tan Ø Example: Maximum (P) active power production in Merowe dam generator is 127 (Mega Watt) Maximum (S) appeared power production in Merowe dam generator is 140 (Mega VA) ¾ General power production policy avoid generating moor reactive power cause it have less pay back value compare with active power
3. Transformer • Volt value in generator output is standard value equal to 13.8 KV • There is step‐up transformer to 525& 220 KV for Transmission Line • All the transformers are single phase (3 transformers one for each phase) why? You can find three phase transformer of 525& 220 KV (one transformer for the three phases) But it will be so big for shipping but the three transformer single phase are possible for shipping
4. GIS & AIS AIS: air isolation switch gear This required more space to achieve the maximum distance between the holding current and volt lines and between circle breakers Generally its simple easy cheep so it’s used any where
GIS: gas isolation switch gear When the space is not available and you need to decrease the distance between lines and circle breaker you need to use gas for isolation in a locked building that is GIS generally its costly complicated so it used in a special cases The gas used in GIS is (SF6) which is friendly to the environment
5. River Nile water distribution ¾ Egypt 55 billion
per year and Egypt using most of it
¾ Sudan 18.5 billion per year and Sudan use only 14.5 maximum ¾ River Nile flow: 1. Minimum In winter 500 to 700 / 2. Medium in summer 1000 to 1200 / and the peak 11000 / 3. Maximum in rain season 7000 /
6. Calculating water flow for power house P = Q ρ g h For 127 mega watt the maximum for one generator 127 ×1000000 = Q × 1000 × 9.81 × (53m max h) or (49m design h) or (43m medium h) or (33m min)
Q = 244
/
or 265
/
or 300
/
or 392
/
Example: Consider 43 m head, 300 m /sec in the summer 1200 m /sec as a river Nile flow ¾ It can run only 4 units full load for generating 500 Mega Watt and spillway close that in case of medium head 43 meter ¾ For more units and Mega Watt you need to use water from the reservoir ¾ Generally you can run up 8 unit for 1000 mega watt by using the water stored in the reservoir and keep 2 unit as a stand by / is not a ¾ In winter the min flow rate of river Nile 500 – 700 problem for power generation why? Because winter comes after rain season which insure the max water store in the reservoir and it will be enough for at least 3 month considering the low demand for power at winter ¾ Load at late night is less than the load during the day which lead to reduce water flow rate at night through turbine runners
7. Circle breaker & Isolator
Isolator
Circle Breaker
Isolator
¾ For each circle breaker there is tow isolator before and after ¾ Circle breaker need inside insulation by oil or gas depend on volt value ¾ In Merowe dam all the circle breaker insolated by gas (SF6) to avoid the spark because it’s have high volt value (525 and 225 K Volt) ¾ No need for insulation in isolator why? •
When we need to start line charging both isolator closed first (no current passing)
•
Then close circle breaker When we need to stop line charging circle breaker open first Then open isolator (no current passing)
• •
8. One & half Circuit breaker system ¾ An expression Mean a system of circle breakers with isolators and cables insuring more ways to feed a single line from one or different source of power (very clear in the diagram)
9. Power calculation in Frances turbine Upstream
Downstream
Power equation at up stream
Where ≡ Power at up stream ≡ Water density 1000 g ≡ gravity acceleration 9.81 h ≡ head between upstream and downstream water level
Where ≡ power at turbine
T ≡ torque =
∆
∆
Guide vane angle
Angular speed
Where
2 60