Raman Amplification In Optical Fiber
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WDM using Raman Amplification for optical Fiber Networks OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION X 422.21
CHIRAG WARTY
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES, UCLA EXTENSION , CA 90024
Presentation Overview 2
Introduction to Optical Amplifiers Semiconductor optical Amplifier (SOA) Doped fiber amplifier (DFA) Raman Fiber Amplifier (RFA)
Raman Fiber Amplifiers Sub- Marine optical fiber Communication Optimum Use of Present Long Haul Infrastructure Motivation University of California Los Angeles - Extension
14 February 2009
Introduction 3
OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS TYPES OF AMPLIFIERS CHARACTERISTICS
University of California Los Angeles - Extension
14 February 2009
Optical Amplifiers 4
Types of Optical Amplifier
Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA) Doped Fiber Amplifier (DFA) Raman Amplifier
Transmitter Power Amplifier
Modes of application
In Line Amplifier Preamplifier Power Amplifier
In line amplifier
Functions of the Optical
Amplifier
Preamplifier
Receiver
University of California Los Angeles - Extension
14 February 2009
Optical Amplification 5
Stimulated Emission
Pumping Mechanism
Transition State
Signal
Signal Coupler Pump
Ground State University of California Los Angeles - Extension
14 February 2009
Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA) Small Size and Electrically
Advantages
pumped Semiconductor cavity is used
Consume Less Electrical power Fewer Components, Compact Cheaper than DFA and RFA
Loss of power in the cavity is
greater than the gain.
Disadvantages
University of California Los Angeles - Extension
6
Rapid Gain response High noise, low gain. Polarization dependence High non linearity
14 February 2009
Doped Fiber Amplifier (DFA) 7
Amplifier fiber length – 10 to
30 mts. Doped by rare earth elements Group III or V
Advantages
Pump wide range of wavelength Immune to crosstalk and intermodulation distortion Low dependence of Gain on light polarization Customizable
Erbium, Ytterbium, Thulium
Operating region – 1530 to
1560 nm but extensible
Disadvantages
Special fiber design Precise power loss estimation
Low pump Power
University of California Los Angeles - Extension
14 February 2009
8
EDFA Silica Fiber glass doped with Erbium (Er 3+)
Doped Fiber Amplifier
University of California Los Angeles - Extension
14 February 2009
Stimulated Raman Scaterring 9
Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS)
SRS Mechanism
Dr. C. V. Raman – Nobel
Transition State
Prize (1930) Silica Glass : Si-O-Si bond Pump photon – Larger
wavelength Signal photon – lower wavelength
ωpump ωs ωs
Ground State University of California Los Angeles - Extension
14 February 2009
University of California Los Angeles - Extension
10
14 February 2009
University of California Los Angeles - Extension
11
14 February 2009
Basics of Raman Amplifier 12
Stimulated Raman Scattering
(SRS) Raman Gain Mechanism Lumped Raman Amplifier Distributed Raman Amplifier
Raman Amplification
Gain depends on frequency separation Gain does not depend on relative direction of propagation Upper state – Subpicoseconds Gain Polorization dependent
University of California Los Angeles - Extension
14 February 2009
University of California Los Angeles - Extension
13
14 February 2009
Raman Amplification 14
Amplifier properties Broadband amplification using
multiple pumps Amplified spontaneous
emission (ASE) Signal Spontaneous beat noise Noise figure
University of California Los Angeles - Extension
Advantages
Flexibility
Wide frequency range
Low costs
Very high clock frequency (THz)
14 February 2009
Sub – Marine Fiber optics Communication 15
UNDERSEA CABLE NETWORK TOPOLOGIES DESIGN
University of California Los Angeles - Extension
14 February 2009
Sub- Marine Fiber Optics Communication 16
Sub-marine Communication
What makes it Different ? Capacity and Flexibility International Water – Free right of way Very high reliability Failures due to external factors Ship anchors, Natural catastrophe
Solution In Network traffic restoration Ring topology , Trunk and branch topology
University of California Los Angeles - Extension
14 February 2009
17
Network Topologies Long Haul networks Bidirectional Line switched rings Self healing network
University of California Los Angeles Extension
14 February 2009
World Projects 18
Africa One
First of its kind – WDM technology 40000 Km estimated 8 wavelength channels on 2 fiber pairs each Capacity 2.5 Gb/s
SEA-ME-WE-3
Sub-marine WDM routing Add/drop undersea multiplexing over 2 fiber pairs Span – Germany to Singapore
University of California Los Angeles - Extension
14 February 2009
University of California Los Angeles - Extension
19
14 February 2009
University of California Los Angeles - Extension
20
14 February 2009
21
WDM undersea routing
University of California Los Angeles - Extension
14 February 2009
World Projects 22
Atlantis 2, Columbus 3, Americas II
Shore based mux/Demux Connecting 4 continents Undersea branching Units optically passive Low Initial Costs
China –US and Atlantic crossing 1
Ring Networks – Higher reliability Capacity China-US 12000 Km, AC1 7100 Km Current Capacity 40 Gb/s
University of California Los Angeles - Extension
14 February 2009
University of California Los Angeles - Extension
23
14 February 2009
University of California Los Angeles - Extension
24
14 February 2009
Optimum use of the present infrastructure for long haul communication 25
INFRASTRUCTURE AVAILABILITY NETWORK DESIGN TRADE OFF MOTIVATION
University of California Los Angeles - Extension
14 February 2009
26
Present day submarine cable LAYERS: 1--Polyethylene 2--"Mylar" tape 3--Stranded metal "Steel" wires 4--Aluminum water barrier 5--Polycarbonate 6--Copper or aluminum tube 7--Petroleum jelly 8--Optical fibers
University of California Los Angeles Extension
14 February 2009
University of California Los Angeles - Extension
27
14 February 2009
Motivation 28
Increasing demand for higher data rate Very high capital associated with satellite deployment Developments in transmitters and filters Development in ROV technology
University of California Los Angeles - Extension
14 February 2009
Questions
University of California Los Angeles - Extension
29
14 February 2009
CHIRAG WARTY
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES, UCLA EXTENSION , CA 90024
Presentation Overview 2
Introduction to Optical Amplifiers Semiconductor optical Amplifier (SOA) Doped fiber amplifier (DFA) Raman Fiber Amplifier (RFA)
Raman Fiber Amplifiers Sub- Marine optical fiber Communication Optimum Use of Present Long Haul Infrastructure Motivation University of California Los Angeles - Extension
14 February 2009
Introduction 3
OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS TYPES OF AMPLIFIERS CHARACTERISTICS
University of California Los Angeles - Extension
14 February 2009
Optical Amplifiers 4
Types of Optical Amplifier
Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA) Doped Fiber Amplifier (DFA) Raman Amplifier
Transmitter Power Amplifier
Modes of application
In Line Amplifier Preamplifier Power Amplifier
In line amplifier
Functions of the Optical
Amplifier
Preamplifier
Receiver
University of California Los Angeles - Extension
14 February 2009
Optical Amplification 5
Stimulated Emission
Pumping Mechanism
Transition State
Signal
Signal Coupler Pump
Ground State University of California Los Angeles - Extension
14 February 2009
Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA) Small Size and Electrically
Advantages
pumped Semiconductor cavity is used
Consume Less Electrical power Fewer Components, Compact Cheaper than DFA and RFA
Loss of power in the cavity is
greater than the gain.
Disadvantages
University of California Los Angeles - Extension
6
Rapid Gain response High noise, low gain. Polarization dependence High non linearity
14 February 2009
Doped Fiber Amplifier (DFA) 7
Amplifier fiber length – 10 to
30 mts. Doped by rare earth elements Group III or V
Advantages
Pump wide range of wavelength Immune to crosstalk and intermodulation distortion Low dependence of Gain on light polarization Customizable
Erbium, Ytterbium, Thulium
Operating region – 1530 to
1560 nm but extensible
Disadvantages
Special fiber design Precise power loss estimation
Low pump Power
University of California Los Angeles - Extension
14 February 2009
8
EDFA Silica Fiber glass doped with Erbium (Er 3+)
Doped Fiber Amplifier
University of California Los Angeles - Extension
14 February 2009
Stimulated Raman Scaterring 9
Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS)
SRS Mechanism
Dr. C. V. Raman – Nobel
Transition State
Prize (1930) Silica Glass : Si-O-Si bond Pump photon – Larger
wavelength Signal photon – lower wavelength
ωpump ωs ωs
Ground State University of California Los Angeles - Extension
14 February 2009
University of California Los Angeles - Extension
10
14 February 2009
University of California Los Angeles - Extension
11
14 February 2009
Basics of Raman Amplifier 12
Stimulated Raman Scattering
(SRS) Raman Gain Mechanism Lumped Raman Amplifier Distributed Raman Amplifier
Raman Amplification
Gain depends on frequency separation Gain does not depend on relative direction of propagation Upper state – Subpicoseconds Gain Polorization dependent
University of California Los Angeles - Extension
14 February 2009
University of California Los Angeles - Extension
13
14 February 2009
Raman Amplification 14
Amplifier properties Broadband amplification using
multiple pumps Amplified spontaneous
emission (ASE) Signal Spontaneous beat noise Noise figure
University of California Los Angeles - Extension
Advantages
Flexibility
Wide frequency range
Low costs
Very high clock frequency (THz)
14 February 2009
Sub – Marine Fiber optics Communication 15
UNDERSEA CABLE NETWORK TOPOLOGIES DESIGN
University of California Los Angeles - Extension
14 February 2009
Sub- Marine Fiber Optics Communication 16
Sub-marine Communication
What makes it Different ? Capacity and Flexibility International Water – Free right of way Very high reliability Failures due to external factors Ship anchors, Natural catastrophe
Solution In Network traffic restoration Ring topology , Trunk and branch topology
University of California Los Angeles - Extension
14 February 2009
17
Network Topologies Long Haul networks Bidirectional Line switched rings Self healing network
University of California Los Angeles Extension
14 February 2009
World Projects 18
Africa One
First of its kind – WDM technology 40000 Km estimated 8 wavelength channels on 2 fiber pairs each Capacity 2.5 Gb/s
SEA-ME-WE-3
Sub-marine WDM routing Add/drop undersea multiplexing over 2 fiber pairs Span – Germany to Singapore
University of California Los Angeles - Extension
14 February 2009
University of California Los Angeles - Extension
19
14 February 2009
University of California Los Angeles - Extension
20
14 February 2009
21
WDM undersea routing
University of California Los Angeles - Extension
14 February 2009
World Projects 22
Atlantis 2, Columbus 3, Americas II
Shore based mux/Demux Connecting 4 continents Undersea branching Units optically passive Low Initial Costs
China –US and Atlantic crossing 1
Ring Networks – Higher reliability Capacity China-US 12000 Km, AC1 7100 Km Current Capacity 40 Gb/s
University of California Los Angeles - Extension
14 February 2009
University of California Los Angeles - Extension
23
14 February 2009
University of California Los Angeles - Extension
24
14 February 2009
Optimum use of the present infrastructure for long haul communication 25
INFRASTRUCTURE AVAILABILITY NETWORK DESIGN TRADE OFF MOTIVATION
University of California Los Angeles - Extension
14 February 2009
26
Present day submarine cable LAYERS: 1--Polyethylene 2--"Mylar" tape 3--Stranded metal "Steel" wires 4--Aluminum water barrier 5--Polycarbonate 6--Copper or aluminum tube 7--Petroleum jelly 8--Optical fibers
University of California Los Angeles Extension
14 February 2009
University of California Los Angeles - Extension
27
14 February 2009
Motivation 28
Increasing demand for higher data rate Very high capital associated with satellite deployment Developments in transmitters and filters Development in ROV technology
University of California Los Angeles - Extension
14 February 2009
Questions
University of California Los Angeles - Extension
29
14 February 2009
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