R05321104-medical-imaging-techniques

Set No. 1

Code No: R05321104

III B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008 MEDICAL IMAGING TECHNIQUES (Bio-Medical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆ 1. (a) Explain the factors that affect the attenuetion coefficient in Detail (b) Explain the Half value layer of X-ray beam with relevant equations.

[8+8]

2. Explain the following characteristics of an X-ray Image (a) Spatial Resolution (b) Image contrast.

[8+8]

3. (a) Discuss the Filter Back projection algorithm for Reconstruction of CT image. (b) List the indications and contra indications of PET-CT. 4. (a) Differentiate Radionuclide imaging with conventional imaging, and also state the need for it. (b) Explain the operating principle of Gamma Camera with a neat sketch.[6+10] 5. (a) Define characteristic impedance (b) Derive the equation for characteristic impedance of a homogeneous medium? [4+12] 6. (a) What are the Applications of duplex imaging (b) What are the Applications of Ultra Sonography.

[8+8]

7. Write short notes on (a) NMR coil (b) Transmitter (c) Receiver (d) Data acquisition system.

[4+4+4+4]

8. Mention the series of steps illustrating the concept of frequency encoding to distinguish the signal coming from two point sources of magnetization, [16] ⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

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Set No. 2

Code No: R05321104

III B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008 MEDICAL IMAGING TECHNIQUES (Bio-Medical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆ 1. (a) Explain generation of x-Rays with a neat sketch. (b) Differentiate between conventional X-ray imaging and Computed Tomography. [6+10] 2. (a) Discuss the parameters for determining the performance of an imaging system. (b) Explain the Receiver operating curve (ROC) with a neat diagram.

[8+8]

3. (a) Why does Spiral CT is more effective than the other generations of CT. (b) Discuss the Back projection technique for Reconstruction of CT image. [8+8] 4. (a) Discuss the various radiation protection mechanisms employed in the hospitals. (b) Discuss biological effects of radiation on human body.

[8+8]

5. (a) Define the Q factor of an ultrasonic transducer. Explain the significance of Q factor in ultrasonic Doppler systems. (b) Elaborate the differences between the acoustic pulses produced by a transducer with and with out backing [8+8] 6. (a) What are the Applications of duplex imaging (b) What are the Applications of Ultra Sonography.

[8+8]

7. Explain FID with Presaturation. Draw the Timing diagram for an FID with presaturation. [16] 8. Compare contrast spin echo imaging and gradient echo imaging with the help of pulse sequences? [16] ⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

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Set No. 3

Code No: R05321104

III B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008 MEDICAL IMAGING TECHNIQUES (Bio-Medical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆ 1. Ultraviolet light is defined as electrougnetic waves having wavelengths in the range of 4-400nm. (a) Determine the frequency range of ultraviolet light. (b) Determine the photon energy range of ulteraviolet light. (c) Determine whether ulterviolet light is ionizing radiation or not.

[5+5+6]

2. (a) Discuss the biological effects of Ionizing Radiation. (b) Explain the various diagnostic applications of X-Rays.

[8+8]

3. (a) Explain the limitations of Conventional X-ray Technique, how can CT overcome such limitations. (b) Explain the Computed Tomography technique with a neat sketch.

[4+12]

4. (a) Discuss the single-hole focused collimator and multi-hole focused collimator in detail (b) Explain the solid state detector with a neat sketch.

[6+10]

5. (a) What is ultrasonic wave? What is its frequency range in medical measurement? What type of waves are these? (b) What are the different types of ultrasonic transducers available for medical use? Describe with diagrams. [8+8] 6. (a) Explain frequency shift method in 3 steps (b) Give Principles behind duplex imaging

[8+8]

7. Derive expression for Free Induction Decay in Frequency Domain and find the mathematical relation ship for Initial Amplitude of FID. [16] 8. Explain phase contrast method of blood flow imaging? What are the clinical applications of blood flow imaging? [16] ⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

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Set No. 4

Code No: R05321104

III B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008 MEDICAL IMAGING TECHNIQUES (Bio-Medical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆ 1. Explain the role of the following in X-ray Technique? (a) Grid (b) Filters (c) Rotating Anode

[6+4+6]

2. (a) Discuss the biological effects of Ionizing Radiation. (b) Explain the various diagnostic applications of X-Rays.

[8+8]

3. (a) Draw the block diagram of CT, and explain in detail. (b) Mention the applications of CT in Diagnosis of various disorders.

[10+6]

4. (a) Describe about the cyclotron in detail. (b) Describe the PET scan with a neat sketch.

[8+8]

5. (a) Draw the frequency response of a single ultrasonic transducer. (b) Explain the equivalent circuit model of a single element ultrasonic transducer. [8+8] 6. (a) What is time gain compensation (b) Mention and compare the various time gain compensation techniques used in commercial scanners [4+12] 7. Explain STEAM (Stimulated Echo Acquisition Mode) sequences with timing diagrams. [16] 8. What are the Basic Principles of Magnetic Resonance Imaging? Mention its significance. [16] ⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

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