R H A.pdf

STRATEGIES FOR REVITALISATION OF HERITAGE AREA LINKED TO SERVICE PROVISION

BY, M.ANIRUDH 13011BA020.

UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF Mr. QUAZI TAUSIF IQBAL, Department of URP.

DEPARTMENT OF URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE JAWAHARLAL NEHRU ARCHITECTURE & FINE ARTS UNIVERSITY, SPA, MASABTANK, HYDERABAD.

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JNAFAU SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE Mahaveer marg, Hyderabad – 500 028 DEPARTMENT OF URBAN & REGIONAL PLANNING

CERTIFICATE I certify that the planning thesis entitled “Strategies for revitalization of heritage area linked to service provision” submitted by M. Anirudh bearing Roll No. 13011BA020 in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (PLANNING) of this University, is a bonafide work to the best of my/our knowledge and may be placed before the Examination Board for their consideration.

____________________

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Mr. Quazi tausif Iqbal Thesis Supervisor

Mrs. Tuhina Sinha Thesis Coordinator

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Mrs. E. Sandhya Reddy Co-coordinator Department of Urban and Regional Planning

External Examiner

____________________ Dr. S. Kumar Principal

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ABSTRACT Ward-49 of circle-6 OF GHMC (Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation), is well known for its rich culture and built heritage. This ward has the most number of heritage structures and compared to the whole nation consists of 15% of total heritage structures in India including Charminar, Mecca masjid, Chowmahalla palace, City College and High court of Telangana state. It is also one of the important tourist destinations. The study area is one of the Conservation area’s which has been identified by the development plan. This heritage area has number of architectural and heritage buildings of high significance, which requires identification and notification. The report focuses on the issues faced by the public due to lack of public utilities in the area as per the guidelines of HRIDAY (heritage city revitalisation and augmentation yojana) scheme which includes provision of public toilets, dustbins and foot path wherever necessary. The people who visit the area include tourists (both local & international), visitors and commuters. Hence, strategies are given as per the requirements of these people to meet their needs in the Indian context under various guidelines of Indian standards.

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DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the thesis entitled “Strategies for revitalization of heritage area linked to service provision.” which is submitted for the partial fulfilment of degree of bachelors in Urban and Regional planning of the Jawaharlal Nehru Architecture and Fine Arts University, Hyderabad, is the result of the work carried out by me in the School of Planning and Architecture. I worked under the guidance of Mr Tausif Iqbal.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT As the student of Urban and Regional Planning, I really feel greatly privileged and also highly passionate in preparing this report on “Strategies for revitalisation of heritage area linked to services provision.” This document has been prepared with the generous support of my guide Mr. Quazi Tausif Iqbal sir. I take this opportunity to thank my respected Coordinator Mrs. Sandhya reddy and all our faculty for giving their valuable suggestions from the initial stages of the project and also creating an environment of enthusiasm and for their motivation. I also thank them for extending their cooperation whenever required. Yours sincerely, M. Anirudh.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1

2

INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1

BACKGROUND: ................................................................................................................... 1

1.2

AIM: ........................................................................................................................................ 1

1.3

OBJECTIVES: ........................................................................................................................ 1

1.4

METHODOLOGY: ................................................................................................................ 2

LITERATURE STUDY.................................................................................................................. 3 2.1.1

INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY OF RICH HERITAGE IN INDIA: ...................... 3

2.1.2

HISTORIC OR HERITAGE SITE: ................................................................................ 3

2.1.3 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN REVITALISATION, CONSERVATION, PRESERVATION, REJUVENATION, RESTORATION, REDEVELOPMENT: ....................... 3 2.1.4 2.2

HRIDAY SCHEME ........................................................................................................ 4

STANDARDS FOR PUBLIC AMINITIES: .......................................................................... 7

2.2.1 SANITATION FACILITIES AS PUBLIC TOILETS &SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT:........................................................................................................................... 7

3

2.2.2

AS PER THE STANDARDS OF SWACHH BHARATH ............................................. 7

2.2.3

STREET FURNITURE: ................................................................................................. 7

2.2.4

PARKING FACILITIES: ............................................................................................... 7

DESKTOP STUDY ........................................................................................................................ 8 3.1

URAN, NAVI MUMBAI CITY: ............................................................................................ 8

3.1.1

INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 8

3.1.2

ABOUT THE PROJECT ................................................................................................ 9

3.1.3

THE OBJECTIVES OF THIS ASSIGNMENT:............................................................. 9

3.1.4

HISTORY OF URAN ................................................................................................... 10

3.1.5

BASE MAP OF DEULWADI PRECINCT: ................................................................. 11

3.1.6

LAND USE MAP OF DEULWADI PRECINCT: ....................................................... 12

3.1.7

BUILDING HEIGHTS MAP OF THE PRECINCT..................................................... 13

3.1.8

OWNERSHIP MAP OF THE PRECINCT: ................................................................. 14

3.1.9

STAGE-WISE PROCESS: ........................................................................................... 15

3.1.10 VISION AND STRATEGY FOR CONSERVATION OF THE DEULWADI PRECINCT ................................................................................................................................... 15 3.1.11

SUMMARY OF BLOCK COST ESTIMATE: ............................................................ 18

3.2 DESKTOP STUDY - REVITALIZATION STRATEGIES IN IRANIAN HISTORICAL CITY CORES (THE CASE OF SHIRAZ) ....................................................................................... 18 3.2.1

INTRODUCTION: ....................................................................................................... 18

3.2.2

SHIRAZ FORMATION AND TRANSFORMATION ................................................ 19 iv | P a g e

3.2.3 4

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION ........................................................................... 22

INTRODUCTION TO STUDY AREA ........................................................................................ 24 4.1

Location of the study area: .................................................................................................... 24

4.2

CHRONOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE STUDY AREA: .......................... 25

4.3

MAP SHOWING HISTORICAL STRUCTURES IN THE AREA: .................................... 26

4.4 ANALYSIS OEXISTING PUBLIC AMINITIES AS PER THE GUIDELINES OF HRIDAY SCHEME IN THE STUDY AREA:................................................................................. 27 4.4.1 SANITATION FACILITIES AS PUBLIC TOILETS & SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT:......................................................................................................................... 27 5

6

7

8

ISSUES: ........................................................................................................................................ 36 5.1

ISSUE-1: LACK OF PUBLIC TOILETS AND DUST BINS .............................................. 36

5.2

ISSUE-2: LACK OF PARKING FACILITIES .................................................................... 36

5.3

ISSUE-3: LACK OF PATHWAYS AND STREET FURNITURE ..................................... 36

PROPOSALS AND STRATEGIES: ............................................................................................ 37 6.1

PROPOSAL-1: ...................................................................................................................... 37

6.2

PROPOSAL-2: ...................................................................................................................... 37

6.3

PROPOSAL-3: ...................................................................................................................... 37

6.4

PROPOSAL-4: ...................................................................................................................... 37

COST ESTIMATION: .................................................................................................................. 38 7.1

FOR SOLAR STREET LAMPS WITH BENCHES AND AN ELECTRIC PLUG POINT: 38

7.2

FOR PORTABLE PUBLIC TOILETS AND DUST BINS:................................................. 38

7.3

FOR SIGN BOARDS AND INFORMATION DISSEMINATION BOARDS: .................. 39

7.4

FOR PAVING PATHWAYS / FOOT PATHS: ................................................................... 39

7.5

TOTAL FINAL ESTIMATE: ............................................................................................... 40

7.6

Conclusion: ........................................................................................................................... 40

BIBILOGRAPHY: ........................................................................................................................ 41

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LIST OF TABLES Table-1: Differences between revitalisation, conservation, preservation, rejuvenation, restoration, redevelopment. Table-2: Parking space standards. Table-3: Parking space requirements. Table-4: Infrastructure and strategies (Uran desktop study). Table-5: Infrastructure (Uran desktop study). Table-6: Regulatory planning & management (Uran desktop study). Table-7: Summary & block estimate (Uran desktop study). Table-8: Maximum parking accumulation characteristics (on-street). Table-9: Maximum parking accumulation characteristics (off-street). Table-10: Number of vehicles parked between TSRTC bus stand – Charminar. Table-11: Number of vehicles parked between TSRTC Charminar – Gulzar houz. Table-12: Number of vehicles parked between Gulzar houz – Madina. Table-13: Grand total of vehicles parked. Table-14: Proposals and strategies. Table-15: Total final cost estimate.

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ABBREVATIONS: ▪

HRIDAY – Heritage City Revitalisation and Augmentation Yojana.

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GHMC – Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation.

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IRC – Indian Road Congress.

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ITDP- Institute for Transportation and Development Policies.

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URDPFI - Urban and Regional Development Plans Formulation & Implementation.

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ASI- Archaeological Survey of India.

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SB – Swachh Bharath.

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LT – Less Than.

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GT – Greater Than.

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1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND: India is a country rich in heritage monuments. The heritage of Indian architecture is one of the evolution and continuity over a period exceeding 5000 years of historical evidence. The last two decades have seen a phenomenal change in social and professional attitudes towards conservation of the architectural heritage. Recognition of a broader spectrum of historic architecture has extended the realm of heritage beyond “protected monuments”. It has also provided new definitions and opened avenues for greater participation of owners of historical buildings in the process of sharing their assets with a wider social stratum. Process of caring for a place so as to safeguard its cultural heritage value. Prolong the life of built environment of historic places so that the future generations can enjoy them profitably. Heritage is our legacy from the past, what we live with today, and what we pass on to future generations. India is endowed with rich and diverse natural, historic and cultural resources. However, it is yet to explore the full potential of such resources to its full advantages. Past efforts of conserving historic and cultural resources in Indian cities and towns have often been carried out in isolation from the needs and aspirations of the local communities as well as the main urban development issues, such as local economy, urban planning, livelihoods, service delivery, and infrastructure provision in the areas. The heritage development of city is not about development and conservation of few monuments, but development of entire city, its planning, its basic services, quality of life to its communities, its economy and livelihoods, cleanliness, security, reinvigoration of its’ soul and explicit manifestation of its character.

1.2 AIM: To undertake strategic and planned development of heritage area focusing at improvement in service provision as per the guidelines of HRIDAY.

1.3 OBJECTIVES: ➢ Provision of basic services such as for improved sanitation as toilets and solid waste management etc. ➢ Development of Heritage walks and street furniture (street lights, benches and sign & information boards). ➢ Improvement of pathways, parking facilities and public transportation in study area. ➢ Pedestrianisation of tourist attraction areas.

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1.4 METHODOLOGY: AIM: To undertake strategic and planned development of heritage area focusing at improvement in service provision as per the guidelines of HRIDAY.

OBJECTIVES: ➢ Provision of basic services such as for improved sanitation as toilets and solid waste management etc. ➢ Development of Heritage walks and street furniture (street lights, benches and sign & information boards). ➢ Improvement of roads/ pathways, parking facilities and public transportation in study area. ➢ Pedestrianisation of tourist attraction areas.

NEED FOR THE STUDY: India is endowed with rich and diverse natural, historic and cultural resources. However, it is yet to explore the full potential of such resources to its full advantages. The study revitalisation of heritage area is not about development, restoration and conservation of monuments, but development of entire area, its planning, its basic services, quality of life to its communities, cleanliness, security, reinvigoration of its’ soul and explicit manifestation of its character.

LITERATURE OF THE STUDY AREA

DATA COLLECTION

0 PRIMARY DATA: ➢ Reconnaissance survey. Available public amenities • •

• •

SECONDARY DATA: ➢ Collection of existing Base map and land use map.

Community dust bins. Public transport facilities such as bus stops and auto stands. Public toilets. Parking details.

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2 LITERATURE STUDY 2.1.1 INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY OF RICH HERITAGE IN INDIA: ➢ India is a country rich in heritage monuments. The heritage of Indian architecture is one of the evolution and continuity over a period exceeding 5000 years of historical evidence. ➢ The last two decades have seen a phenomenal change in social and professional attitudes towards conservation of the architectural heritage. Recognition of a broader spectrum of historic architecture has extended the realm of heritage beyond “protected monuments”. ➢ It has also provided new definitions and opened avenues for greater participation of owners of historical buildings in the process of sharing their assets with a wider social stratum. Process of caring for a place so as to safeguard its cultural heritage value. ➢ Prolong the life of built environment of historic places so that the future generations can enjoy them profitably. Heritage is our legacy from the past, what we live with today, and what we pass on to future generations. 2.1.2

HISTORIC OR HERITAGE SITE:

Historic sites are places that are recognized for their importance in history through their association with an event, a person, a place, or the built heritage. Historic sites provide a tangible link with the past. They are part of heritage and contribute to define its identity. Historic sites can be further defined into two distinct types: ➢ Archaeological. ➢ Non-archaeological. 2.1.2.1 Historic archaeological sites: Historic archaeological sites are the remains of sites no longer in use or maintained, and must have a clearly defined archaeological potential. Features associated with linear sites (e.g., roads, railroads, canals, ditches) may be considered historic archaeological sites (e.g., mining feature associated with Chinese mining ditch), related to historic non-archaeological sites (e.g. dam, tree blaze along historic road) or both. 2.1.2.2 Historic non-archaeological sites: Historic non-archaeological sites consist of property types such as buildings, sites, structures, objects, and districts that in general are still used or maintained. In most cases, linear features (regardless of condition) such as roads, railroads, ditches and canals, will be recorded as historic non-archaeological sites and not as historic archaeological sites. 2.1.3

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN REVITALISATION, CONSERVATION, PRESERVATION, REJUVENATION, RESTORATION, REDEVELOPMENT:

Table 1 Differences between revitalisation, conservation, preservation, rejuvenation, restoration, redevelopment REVITALISATION

CONSERVATION

PRESERVATION

REJUVENATION

RESTORATION

REDEVELOPMENT

The act of bringing again into activity and prominence.

The act of prevention of injury, decay, waste, or loss.

The act of keeping something as it is, esp. in order to prevent it from decaying or to protect it from being damaged or destroyed.

The action or process of making someone or something look or feel better, younger, or more vital.

The action of returning something to a former owner, place, or condition.

The action or process of developing something again or differently.

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2.1.4 2.1.4.1

HRIDAY SCHEME INTRODUCTION:

The Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, launched the National Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana (HRIDAY) scheme on 21st January, 2015, with a focus on holistic development of heritage cities. The scheme aims to preserve and revitalise soul of the heritage city to reflect the city’s unique character by encouraging aesthetically appealing, accessible, informative & secured environment. With a duration of 4 years (Completing in November, 2018) and a total outlay of INR 500 Crores, the Scheme is being implemented in 12 identified Cities namely, Ajmer, Amaravati, Amritsar, Badami, Dwarka, Gaya, Kanchipuram, Mathura, Puri, Varanasi, Velankanni and Warangal. The scheme is implemented in a mission mode. The Scheme supports development of core heritage infrastructure projects which shall include revitalization of urban infrastructure for areas around heritage assets identified / approved by the Ministry of Culture, Government of India and State Governments. These initiatives shall include development of water supply, sanitation, drainage, waste management, approach roads, footpaths, street lights, tourist conveniences, electricity wiring, landscaping and such citizen services. 2.1.4.2

SCHEME STATEMENT:

Preserve and revitalise soul of the heritage city to reflect the city’s unique character by encouraging aesthetically appealing, accessible, informative & secured environment. To undertake strategic and planned development of heritage cities aiming at improvement in overall quality of life with specific focus on sanitation, security, tourism, heritage revitalization and livelihoods retaining the city’s cultural identity. 2.1.4.3

SCHEME STRATEGY:

➢ It is a central sector scheme with 100 percent funding coming from Central Government. ➢ Cities will be required to prepare Heritage Management Plan for the city and develop DPRs for identified projects for availing assistance under the scheme. ➢ The HMP and DPRs may be developed by the National Mission Directorate / City Mission Directorate through PWOs/SPVs/CPSUs/State Para-statals/ NGO’s of repute. ➢ The projects will be executed by PWOs/SPVs/CPSUs/State Para-statals/ NGO’s of repute and fund will be allocated to Executing agencies by MoUD on the recommendation of Mission Directorate. ➢ The project duration is four years from December 2014. ➢ NIUA is designated as National Project Management Unit for HRIDAY Scheme and will function as a secretariat for Mission Directorate. ➢ City PMU will be procured by National Mission Directorate and will function as secretariat to City Mission Directorate. 2.1.4.4

SCHEME OBJECTIVES:

The main objective of HRIDAY is to preserve character of the soul of heritage city and facilitate inclusive heritage linked urban development by exploring various avenues including involving private sector. Specific objectives are: (a) Planning, development and implementation of heritage sensitive infrastructure (b) Service delivery and infrastructure provisioning in historic city core areas. (c) Preserve and revitalize heritage wherein tourists can connect directly with city’s unique character. 4|Page

(d) Develop and document a heritage asset inventory of cities - natural, cultural, living and built heritage as a basis for urban planning, growth and service provision & delivery. (e) Implementation and enhancement of basic services delivery with focus on sanitation services like public conveniences, toilets, water taps, street lights with use of latest technologies in improving tourist facilities/amenities (f) Local capacity enhancement for inclusive heritage-based industry (g) Create effective linkages between tourism and cultural facilities and also the conservation of natural and built heritage (h) Urban heritage adaptive rehabilitation and maintenance, including appropriate technologies for historic buildings retrofitting (i) Establish and manage effective public private partnership for adaptive urban rehabilitation.

(j) Development and promotion of core tangible economic activities to enhance avenues of livelihoods amongst stakeholders. This would also include necessary skill development amongst them including making public spaces accessible and developing cultural spaces (k) Making cities informative with use of modern ICT tools and making cities secure with modern surveillance and security apparatus like CCTV etc. (l) Increase accessibility i.e. physical access (roads as well as universal design) and intellectual access (i.e. digital heritage and GIS mapping of historical locations/ tourist maps and routes). 2.1.4.5

COVERAGE AND SCOPE:

Scheme HRIDAY will focus on development of twelve heritage cities namely; 1. Ajmer 2. Amravati 3. Amritsar 4. Badami 5. Dwarka 6. Gaya 7. Kanchipuram 8. Mathura 9. Puri 10. Varanasi 11. Velankanni 12. Warangal Additional cities may be explored after consultations. 2.1.4.6

INDICATIVE COMPONENTS:

The scheme will broadly focus on four theme areas i.e. Physical Infrastructure, Institutional Infrastructure, and Economic Infrastructure & Social Infrastructure for reviving and revitalizing 5|Page

the soul of Heritage City. The projects can be funded directly or through support from other stakeholders including private sector, however broad indicative list of components under HRIDAY is mentioned below, which can further be refined based on the need of the city under broad theme areas. 2.1.4.6.1

HERITAGE REVITALIZATION LINKED TO SERVICE PROVISION

➢ Revitalization of heritage/ historic areas, ghat areas, temple/mosque/basilica areas, kunds and façade improvement of surrounding areas for safety/stability/conservation etc. ➢ Restoration/rehabilitation of heritage monuments and linking with service provisions at community and city levels. ➢ Provision of basic services such as for improved sanitation as toilets, drinking water facilities, parking, solid waste management etc. ➢ Linkage with city infrastructure/trunks for water and waste water management and treatment. ➢ Development of Heritage walks, religious trails, Street furniture including shifting of hanging wires, poles and transformers. ➢ Development cultural events, fair and festival grounds and associated infrastructure. ➢ Development of City museum, interpretation centres and cultural spaces. ➢ Improvement of roads/ pathways, public transportation and parking in heritage areas including provisions for last mile connectivity. ➢ Pedestrianisation of tourist attraction areas, solar/battery operated vehicles. 2.1.4.7 ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ 2.1.4.8 ▪ ▪ ▪

OUTCOMES OF HRIDAY SCHEME The followings are the specific outcomes envisaged under HRIDAY. Clean and Improved sanitized environment Improved basic urban infrastructure at existing and emerging tourist destinations and gateways; Improved sanitation standards at natural and cultural tourist attractions with convenience and safety for visitors. Properly conserved, revitalized and beautified heritage monuments Greater participation by local communities in tourism-related economic and livelihood activities Heritage resources are mainstreamed with city systems and city economy. Improvement in the service level benchmarks indicators for urban service delivery Increase in the inflow of the tourist to cities Increase in the duration of stay of the tourist in the town Improvement in social safety and reduction in crime Substantial improvement in local economy and quality of life of its communities. MONITORING PROGRESS OF PROJECTS SANCTIONED UNDER THE HRIDAY Ministry of Urban Development will periodically monitor the scheme through designated officers. NPMU will develop monitoring frameworks and tools to assist Mission Directorates for effective monitoring of interventions undertaken under the project. Third Party Monitoring Mechanism would be employed by National Mission Directorate to keep track the progress of the project / scheme. Expenditure in this regard would be met from the Capacity Building funds in MoUD for professional services.

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2.2 STANDARDS FOR PUBLIC AMINITIES: 2.2.1

SANITATION FACILITIES AS PUBLIC TOILETS &SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT:

➢ A public toilet is a room or small building containing one or more toilets (and possibly also urinals) which is available for use by the general public, or by customers or employees of certain businesses. ➢ Solid waste management includes provision of community dustbins and collection of wastes regularly to maintain hygiene and in the area. 2.2.2

AS PER THE STANDARDS OF SWACHH BHARATH

➢ As per the standards of Swachh Bharath there should a provision of public toilet for every 500 meters and. ➢ 2.2.3

A dust bin of capacity 50 litres as per the requirements and concentration of street vending activities. STREET FURNITURE:

Street furniture is a collective term for objects and pieces of equipment installed along streets and roads for various purposes. It includes benches, traffic barriers, bollards, streetlamps, traffic lights, traffic signs, bus stops, taxi stands. An important consideration in the design of street furniture is how it affects road safety. Standards by ITDP (Institute of transportation and development policies) and IRC (Indian road congress) ➢ There has to be a bus stop at the distance of every 750-1000 meters. Every bus stop should have a provision of bus shelter of dimensions 25’/4’ and benches dimensions 5’/2’ gap with clearance of 1 meter. ➢ Street lights of height 30’ for every 30 meters. ➢ Benches of dimensions of 5’/2’ at every 30 meters. ➢ Pathways of width 4 meters, if in case of bus stops a minimum width of 1.8 meters has be left behind the bus shelter. 2.2.4

PARKING FACILITIES:

Parking facilities can be both indoor and outdoor, public or private. It can be a parking garage, or a parking space that belongs to the property of a person’s house or a public firm or an institution. AS PER THE STANDARDS OF IRC 2.2.4.1.1

PARKING SPACE STANDARDS &SPACE REQUIREMENTS:

Table-2 PARKING SPACE STANDARDS For residential

Plot area up to 100 sq.m.

For shops and markets

80 sq.m of floor area.

Offices

70 sq.m of floor area.

Table-3 SPACE REQUIREMENTS Four wheelers

20 sq.m

Two wheelers

12 sq.m

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3 DESKTOP STUDY 3.1 URAN, NAVI MUMBAI CITY: 3.1.1

INTRODUCTION

Uran is part of the Navi Mumbai city in the Raigarh district near Panvel and Karjat .It is situated east of Mumbai across the Dharamtar Creek. Uran has developed over time and has grown steadily owing to its proximity to Mumbai. It is facing increasing urbanisation pressure. This pressure of urbanization is tearing apart the versatility and culture of the area. The old is giving way to new, which lacks any visual or cultural connection with the context it is placed in. This calls for an urgent need of an action plan to conserve the tangible and non-tangible heritage of Uran.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Several hundred years of existence under various rulers and their changing influences have, on the one hand given an enormous richness to our cultural heritage and on the other, led us to question constantly what constitutes our roots. These questions continue to throw up a variety of answers, many of which lead to further questions. The process of inquiry into our roots will gradually unfold the various links that the heritage has had with the socio-economic fabric of society of any era, and continues to do so even today. (Nimish Patel and Parul Zaveri; Note on deliberations on conservation of heritage of historic settlements of Gujarat; 2005) Cultural heritage comprises not only of its manmade elements but also in the natural elements of the region. They are so inter-woven with each other in a complex manner that they constitute the Heritage Fabric of the settlement. Natural heritage, which has survived thousands of years and the onslaught of human development particularly in the past century, is one of the most precious inheritance of mankind. It comprises the land and its terrain, the hills, the natural water bodies, the flora and the fauna of the region, the minerals and other finite resources in the region and its wonderful scenic views.

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Figure 3 3.1.2

Figure 4

ABOUT THE PROJECT

Uran is part of the Navi Mumbai city township in the Raigarh district near Panvel and Karjat. It is situated east of Mumbai across the Dharamtar Creek. Uran has developed over time and due to proximity to Mumbai. It is facing increasing urbanisation pressure. This pressure of urbanization is tearing apart the versatility and culture of the area. The old is giving way to new, which lacks any visual or cultural connection with the context it is placed in. This calls for an urgent need of an action plan to conserve the tangible and non-tangible heritage of Uran.

Figure 5 3.1.3 ▪ ▪ ▪

THE OBJECTIVES OF THIS ASSIGNMENT: To evaluate current status and condition of the precinct through detailed documentation and analysis of key issues. To identify schematic projects, programmes for conservation of precincts through participation of local communicates and stakeholders. To formulate financial, institutional and regulatory strategies for project implementation, phasing, operation and maintenance. 9|Page

▪ 3.1.4

To prepare draft guidelines for conservation of the heritage precinct. HISTORY OF URAN

Uran was originally an island earlier and has been referred to as “Uran Bet” and also as “Karanja Bet” (bet means island). Uran has seen the rule of many dynasties. The Mauryas, Chalukyas, Yadavs, Shilahars, Nagarshahs, Portuguese, Marathas and British have ruled over Uran through the centuries. The Shilahar Dynasty reigned the region from year 810-1260 AD and their reign included important towns like Sajana, Thane, Chaulkonad, Soparnale, Chemuki and Uran. The Portuguese ruled over Uran Karanja island between 1530-1740 AD during which they built a fort at Uran which had 15-25 feet tall walls. A few remains of the wall can be still seen near Uran Kot Naka. The church at Uran was also built by the Portuguese and still is seen, with modifications done in 2006. Shivaji, the great Maratha ruler, belonged to Raigarh district. After the Portuguese rule, Karanja-Uran bet fell to the hands of the Marathas in 1737 AD and later to the British in 1774 AD. The Jami Masjid was built in 1750. The town of Uran has many ancient temples. The real name of goddess Urnawati after which the town gets its name is Ramen. Adjacent to her temple is a temple dedicated to Goddess Sheetladevi. The Sangameshwar Mahadeo temple was built by a Subedar named Ramji Mahadev in 1860-72 AD. Dispensary building at Uran–Mora Road Near to that are the temples dedicated to Vithoba and Shankar Parvati and Balaji. There are anecdotes that the idol of Balaji was found in a pond near Vinayak village by Vitthaldas Ramji who then built a temple at Uran. The Datta Mandir was built by Mangaldas Baigari in the year 1926. The municipality at Uran was established on 1 st March 1867 and the area under Uran, Karanja and Mora were included under the jurisdiction of Uran.

Figure 6

Figure 7

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3.1.5

BASE MAP OF DEULWADI PRECINCT:

Figure 9

TOTAL AREA OF URAN TOWN: 229 hectares. TOTAL AREA OF DEULWADI PRECINCT: 5.6 hectares. TOTAL AREA OF BHIMAL TALAO: 2 hectares.

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3.1.6

LAND USE MAP OF DEULWADI PRECINCT:

Figure 10

Figure 11 This analysis is based on the household survey conducted by the UMC team; building uses of each of the 79 buildings comprising the precinct (core and buffer zone). The building use depicted in this zone in the Development Plan is predominantly of religious and residential nature; however, there are various uses observed on the ground. The Residential building use comprises of 45% of the buildings followed by 22% commercial, 15% mixed land use and 13% religious buildings. The core zone buildings are predominantly religious and residential while there is a concentration of commercial use in the buffer zone. This increase of commercial use in the buffer area is becoming a threat to the Core are. The Deulwadi Temple Street still retains its historic use but needs guidelines and a regulatory framework to continue the same use.

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3.1.7

BUILDING HEIGHTS MAP OF THE PRECINCT

Figure 12

Figure 13 Buildings in the precinct are predominantly (45%) single storied while 37% are ground plus one storied. Only 4% of the buildings are three storied and these are also located in the Buffer area of the precinct. The series of domes of temples located in the Core zone generate a distinct skyline in with backdrop of trees. But in accordance with the development happening around the precinct, there is a need for strong guidelines for controlling building heights.

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3.1.8

OWNERSHIP MAP OF THE PRECINCT:

Figure 14

Figure 15 Most of the buildings (39%) in the Deulwadi precinct consist are owned by Private Single. This is followed by 26% properties under private multiple ownership; 18% of properties under Public Trusts ownership, 13% properties under Private Trust and 4% under the ownership of the Uran Municipal Council.

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3.1.9

STAGE-WISE PROCESS:

Stage - 1 Inception Report

Stage - 2 Detailed Condition Assessment

Stage - 3 & 4 Assigning Significances & Identifying Issues

Stage - 5 Preparation of Action Plan

Stage - 6 Drafting Conservation guidelines for Deulwadi Precinct

Stage-1: Inception Report A reconnaissance survey was undertaken and meetings with different stakeholders were done. The teams also conducted primary and secondary survey on the history of the region and the precinct and built an understanding on the transformations in the built fabric. Stage-2: Detailed Condition Assessment A team of architects and surveyors conducted measured drawings and detail photographic documentation of each buildings. A survey was undertaken to assess the condition of the Deulwadi precinct. Stage-3 & 4: Assigning of significances and Identification of issues The team had also initiated numerous discussions with Uran Municipal Council to discuss the significance of the precinct. Stage 5: Preparation of Action Plan ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪

Identification of Actions as a set of regulations, projects & programs. Block costs for the projects and programs including capital costs and recurring (O & M) costs. Funding mechanism for the projects and programs. Institutional mechanism for implementation of the projects and programs. Prioritization and phasing of the projects and programs.

3.1.10 VISION AND STRATEGY FOR CONSERVATION OF THE DEULWADI PRECINCT 3.1.10.1 CURRENT SCENARIO: The architecturally important area of Deulwadi temple street been impacted due to densification of newly constructed concrete buildings. These new buildings have degraded the visual importance of watershed edge. Overall building heights have increased which has changed the skyline of the area. So, this synthesis reflects overall transformations in physical, architectural and people’s mindsets. 3.1.10.2 VISION “To conserve tangible & intangible heritage of Deulwadi Precinct as a town level urban space” Urban Management Centre studied the above works undertaken and adopted an inter – sectoral approach ensuring complimenting development works. Looking at the complexity of the project certain strategies were formed by Urban Management Centre for the upkeep of the Heritage Precinct. Broadly, strategies adopted by Urban Management 15 | P a g e

Centre can be framed as follows: 1) Adopting collaborative and interdisciplinary planning processes. 2) Eliminating infrastructural deficiencies in the precinct.

3) Reforming institutional framework to facilitate heritage management. 3.1.10.3 STRATEGIES:

The Action Plan for Deulwadi precinct integrates ongoing or proposed initiatives. Some redevelopment/ improvements works have already been executed in Deulwadi precinct including: - Restoration of Bhimala Talao with Embankments. - Landscaping and open space development around Bhimala Talao. - New street furniture installed around Bhimala Talao. Urban Management Centre studied the above works undertaken and adopted an inter - sectoral approach ensuring complimenting development works. Looking at the complexity of the project certain strategies were formed by Urban Management Centre for the upkeep of the Heritage Precinct. Broadly, strategies adopted by Urban Management Centre can be framed as follows: 1) Adopting collaborative and interdisciplinary planning processes. 2) Eliminating infrastructural deficiencies in the precinct. 3) Reforming institutional framework to facilitate heritage management. These broad strategies can be further bifurcated into specific strategies against respective issues related to various significances. They are enlisted in the below table: 3.1.10.4 ISSUES AND STRATEGIES Table 4 HISTORICAL & ARCHITECTURAL SIGNIFICANCE ISSUES

STRATEGIES

No significant literature/ reference material for town’s history and heritage.

Increase awareness of heritage amongst residents and visitors.

Lack of awareness towards environment. Absence of heritage sensitive development guidelines.

Introduce appropriate regulatory framework encouraging conservation.

Damage to heritage structures.

Capacity enhancement or uran municipal council for undertaking/ managing heritage conservation.

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Introduce innovative financial mechanisms for owners/ residents/ uran municipal council to promote conservation of heritage. No signage, information dissemination for heritage

Increasing visibility of the buildings and of the precinct.

Table 5 INFRASTRUCTURE ISSUES

STRATEGIES

Inadequate municipal water supply hours, (existing well supplies non-portable water)

Detailed diagnosis of municipal water supply system; municipal capacity enhancement.

Unmanaged waste on road sides

Improvements in management of municipal solid waste; municipal capacity enhancement.

Table 6 REGULATORY PLANNING & MANAGEMENT ISSUES

STRATEGIES

Lack of efficient management for public toilets (O &M), solid waste, heritage and tourism infrastructure

Introducing suitable implementation mechanisms (like PPP) for public toilets Amend building by-laws with special provisions for heritage properties and precinct Enhancing capacity of ULB to - Manage the heavy flow of tourists during festivals, - Monitoring of other heritage related assets & programmes, - Undertake conservation works – self or outsourced.

Large unutilized FSI – potentially harmful if not regulated

Retaining the fabric of the precinct and discouraging rebuilding on heritage plots/ buildings

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3.1.11 SUMMARY OF BLOCK COST ESTIMATE: Table 7

3.2 DESKTOP STUDY - REVITALIZATION STRATEGIES IN IRANIAN HISTORICAL CITY CORES (THE CASE OF SHIRAZ) 3.2.1 INTRODUCTION: The modernization movement in Iran started with Qajar king’s travel (Naser-ed-Din Shah) to Europe in the 1870’s, but it was during the Reza Shah period (1921-41) that the idea got momentum. The European influences that had been filtering into Iran since the 16th century finally gained ascendancy and the country underwent a phase of intense westernization. Reza Shah’s urban modernization led to changes not only in cultural patterns of urban life and the economic structure of the country, but also in spatial organization. He attempted to modernize major cities by driving a network of long straight roads through the heart of the urban fabric. Construction of urban highways and boulevards intensified the urban circulation system from the 1950’s during the Second Pahlavi era as a sign of modernization (H.Bahrainy – 2007). Wide streets with free access to traffic and different parts of the city became an apt place for shops and commercial spaces following the preference of both shopkeepers and consumers. This has caused maintenance and exploitation problems for the old Bazaar structure. The result was a radical heterogeneity in major historical cities because old city cores had been generated by different social and environmental circumstances and were not capable of accommodating the requirements of a modernized society. Large areas of most old urban centers are becoming desolate wastelands of empty stores and buildings which are hostile to a vital society. Regeneration of these urban areas will help the whole city to function better.

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3.2.2

SHIRAZ FORMATION AND TRANSFORMATION

Shiraz, the sixth largest city in Iran after Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan, Tabriz and Karaj is the center of Fars province in southern Iran. The city is located 895 km south of Tehran and 100 km north of the Persian Gulf.

2.4.2.1 Shiraz transformation before Safavid period The earliest reference to the city, as Tiraziš, is on Elamite clay tablets dated to 2000 BC found in the south-western corner of Shiraz city (Cameron 1948). According to some Iranian mythological traditions, it was originally erected by Tahmuras Diveband, and afterward fell to ruins (Conder 1827).

Figure 12

Shiraz; Physical structure of the city in 12th century A.D

3.2.2.2

Although the foundation of Shiraz was before the Islamic period, the city became the provincial capital only in 693 A.D, after the Arab armies conquered Estakhar, the nearby Sassanian capital. As Estakhar fell into decline, Shiraz grew in importance under the Arabs and several local dynasties. The Buyids (945-1055) made it their capital. Although Shiraz was spared destruction during the Mongol invasion, the town was devastated in turn by Timur (1387 and 1393), by great floods in 1630 and 1668, by the Afghan invaders in 1724, and by earthquakes which partially destroyed the city in 1789,1814, 1824 and 1853 (Lockhart 1939; Clarke 1963; Wilber 1975).

Shiraz transformation until 1925

During the Safavid period (1502-1722), security and prosperity returned to Iranian cities and was maintained for about two centuries. The Governorgeneral of Fars put great effort in beautifying Shiraz. He copied Shah Abbas's famous Chahar- Bagh at Isfahan” (Lockhart 1939; Arberry 1960) and constructed a magnificent palace in the great square. Shiraz was initially circular in shape, however the regular pattern of the city soon changed to an organic structure like other Iranian cities, comprising the main elements of such cities. The form of the city stabilized in the 15th century and its shape from that time until the 20th century exhibited a fair representative of a typical traditional city before modernization (Karimi 1998).

Figure 13 Shiraz; Physical structure of the city in 16th century A.D

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3.2.2.3

SITE ANALYSIS

The imposed avenues of the 1920s and 30s disintegrated the social and spatial networks of the old quarters and formed a series of large urban blocks which contain parts of historic quarters. This block covers approximately 70.4 hectares and contains over 2476 residential units, with 15435 inhabitants (18.74 percent of the historic core area) (Naqshe- Jahan-Pars 1998; Pardaraz 2003). Residential area is the dominant use (62%). The second most dominant use is access network with 19%. Most commercial uses are located along new streets on the border of the urban block. There are also four local commercial centers, literally bazarcheh, in the proximity of the historic neighbourhood centers which mainly provide the daily or regular needs of the residents of their immediate neighborhoods. The area contains more than 26 religious centers including mosques, local shrines, and theological schools. 2.4.2.4 DESIGN ANALYSIS The origin of the Sang-e Siah Project lies in 1999 when the Council for Historic District approved a proposal presented by the local representative to share the implementing responsibilities of a regeneration program for the eastern part of the historic core, called Sang-e Siah (Izadi 2008). From the beginning, the basis of the project was to be a partnership among the different agencies involved each with responsibility for conservation and regeneration at their respective levels. The Sang-e Siah regeneration project has been planned and designed in order to reverse the dramatic conditions in the area.

Figure 14 The monuments clustering along the Sange Siah axis define a heritage corridor which plays a vital role in this area.

The manifesto prepared by the Council for Historic District justified protection of the historic environment. It was a guidance note which emphasized the importance of the historic area and its elements. The manifesto (called maram-nameh) marked a major step forward in official attitudes towards the historic environment. This manifesto reflected anxiety about the increasingly rapid loss of parts of the historic environment.

Historic houses and monuments have been rehabilitated in an effort to revitalize the Existing architectural heritage and make them accessible to the local community as well as visitors. The adaptive re-use of restored buildings is considered from the beginning in order to keep the building alive, provide meaning to the physical intervention, make local communities 'own' the building and generate income for future operation and maintenance (UDRO 2001). The program is specifically aimed at attracting investment in the historic urban centers by promoting the re-use of key buildings as a means of encouraging sustainable regeneration of these neighborhoods.

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Figure 15 Five zones identified by the strategic plan including pilgrim and tourist zone (Bibi-dokhtaran), local commercial and service zones (Moshir and Haj-zeinal), cultural zone (Sibuyeh), and commercial zone (Kazeroon Gate). These five prioritized zones were introduced by the strategic plan, each forming a focus for rehabilitation, upgrading and conservation.

Figure 16

The existing fabric and its valuable and historical buildings in the area

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Figure 17 The final urban design of the area focuses on six main axes which connect a number of monuments and buildings and link the area to the rest of the old city. (Source: Bavand consultant report, 2010).

3.2.3

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

The preceding section has identified the features of two different projects in Shiraz city center and explored the driving forces behind them. Although both projects have been driven by a desire to revitalize the historic core and the concerns for the quality of the urban environment, each has followed a different approach, policy and strategy in addressing the issues. Large-scale interventions in the historic urban fabric have always been associated with the autocratic powers, whether central or local, secular or religious, and traditionalist or modernist. In these projects, a new revitalization program has been formulated based on the lessons learned from previous experiences, which were mostly run by the central government. There was a shift in attitude and the development of initiatives, in which the local authorities were encouraged to form partnerships and compete for regeneration funds. Shah Cheragh project has not been implemented yet but the project for revitalization of Sang-e Siah quarter is a prime example of this new approach. Some successful strategies and approaches are as below: 1. Small scale redevelopment of ruined buildings into a centre of local retail units has proved to be the catalyst for the general revival of the area. 2. The new role of the central government influenced by the decentralization policy which the state redistributed the authority, responsibility and financial resources at provincial and local level 3. The strategic and efficient role of the local leadership in building networks of communication and trust among the different actors 22 | P a g e

4. Careful replacement of new buildings on vacant or broken-down land used to enhance the prestige and importance of monuments and historic buildings Sang- e Siah project is notable for reinforcing and stimulating a gradual process of the historic environment revitalization. Intervention strategy of this program gave priority to facilitate the gradual rehabilitation of existing residential units, avoiding large scale intervention and focusing on structure and infrastructure of the area. Although the implementing phases of Shah Cheragh project are already underway, a gradual strategic plan is neglected, maybe because of the autocratic religious power with enough resources and money. This will cause a comprehensive development in shrine complexes, which may damage the residential area. Concentrating on infrastructure and public space improvement and focusing on cultural activities can be seen as the engine of rehabilitation. Description and analysis of these two projects introduce some useful approaches towards livable Iranian historical city cores. Despite a number of creative strategies utilized by the local authorities, economic deprivation of inhabitants in the historic core and high rate of mobility of residents prevent public participation in these areas. With description and analysis of more interventions in Iranian historical urban areas, strategies in historical city cores should be introduced and evaluated. Singular successful patterns and strategies should be brought together to build up a framework of strategies of urban design in context of historical Iranian city cores.

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4 INTRODUCTION TO STUDY AREA ➢ The study area consists of heritage buildings such as Charminar, High court, City College, Central library, Mecca masjid, Chowmahalla palace. ➢

The ancient architecture of the buildings in the precinct reflects the ancient culture.

➢ The principal street consists of many informal activities. The temples and masjid are deeply integrated in the socio- cultural life pattern of the people in Precinct. CIRCLE AND WARD NO- 5, 49 ward OF HYDERABAD city.

4.1 LOCATION OF THE STUDY AREA:

Figure 18 Map of india

Figure 19 Map of circle 5 GHMC

Figure 20 Map of ward- 49

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4.2 CHRONOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE STUDY AREA:

Figure 21 Maps showing chronological development of the Hyderabad city and study area The chronological transformation of the city shows the how the study area and its surroundings has transformed and developed over the years. Coming to the present scenario of the area ▪ ▪ ▪

The principal street consists of many informal activities. The temples and masjid in the area are deeply integrated in the socio- cultural life pattern of the people. The diverse character of this ward is that 15% area of the ward is covered with heritage structures. The commercials and ancient structures in the ward are located over 400 years in the city of Hyderabad.

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4.3 MAP SHOWING HISTORICAL STRUCTURES IN THE AREA:

Figure 23 Base map of the area

City college

Mecca masjid

Chowmahalla palace

High court

Charminar Figure 23 All heritage sites in the area.

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4.4 ANALYSIS OEXISTING PUBLIC AMINITIES AS PER THE GUIDELINES OF HRIDAY SCHEME IN THE STUDY AREA: 4.4.1 4.4.1.1

SANITATION FACILITIES AS PUBLIC TOILETS & SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

The area is concentrated with large number of informal activities which includes eatables, accessories, textiles etc, though few dustbins and community dust bins have been provided due insufficiency littering and overflow of wastes on the streets is seen causing un-tidiness effecting aesthetic value of the heritage structures.

Figure 24 Community dustbin at chowmahalla palace

Figure 26 Community dustbin at putla burz

Figure 25 Open dumping near chowmahalla palace

Figure 27 Community dustbin at ghansi bazaar

Figure 28 Due to lack of dustbins for street vending activities littering is seen on the streets causing untidiness and also inconvenience to the pedestrians moving along the streets of Charminar and Laad bazaar. The maximum proportion of street vending activities on these streets include eatables such as fruits, street food etc.

The above pictures show community dustbins in the area. Though sufficient number of community dustbins and proper municipal waste management existing in the area littering is seen due to large 27 | P a g e

number of street vending activities. According to the human psychology, if a person is walking through a street if he doesn’t find any dust/garbage bins in his eye sight he throws the paper/polythene/plastic wastes on the road which ultimately leads to the littering, and if they find any space where any wastes dumped automatically people start dumping wastes and finally leading to open dumping. Hence, there is a need to provide dustbins at the eye sight of pedestrians. This also attracts people to the area. 4.4.1.2

SANITATION FACILITIES AS PUBLIC TOILETS:

On the whole streets of shah-ali-banda, pather gatti, madina and gulzar houz only one public toilet located in the Charminar bus stand is provided and there is a need for provision of more public toilets in the area. This show severity in lack of public toilets. 4.4.1.2.1

ILL EFFECTS OF LACK OF PUBLIC TOILETS:

Public toilets matter, for a variety of reasons. Without them, in many areas local authorities and residents need to clean up every morning. It ruins your life if every morning, certainly four or five days a week, you have to go out and clean up the mess and it should not happen.” A lack of public toilets results in certain groups feeling anxious about going out. Tourists and commuters, for example, do not readily have their homes so there is need that they will have access to public toilets. Figure 28 public toilet at Charminar bus stand

There is a mission called Swachh Bharath in the country aiming for clean India by providing sufficient number of public toilets and dustbins.

Hence there is a severe need for the provision of public toilets in the area to improve the public amenity standards in the area. 4.4.1.3

PARKING FACILITIES:

As this is a core commercial and tourist place in the city on an average 12-15,000 people visit the area as per the standards of IRC a parking space has to be provided for every 80 sqm of commercial floor area. As per the parking survey conducted a number of 1000 vehicles are been parked on the streets of Laad bazaar, Charminar, gulzar houz, pathergatti and madina. Total area of commercials in the area is 30 hectares as per standards of IRC parking spaces for 2000 vehicles has to be provided but existing spaces only accommodates Upto 1200 vehicles. Hence there is a shortage of 800 parking spaces for the vehicles the area. 4.4.1.3.1 ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪

ILL EFFECTS OF PARKING:

Congestion. Accidents. Obstruction to fire freighting operation. Environment degrades.

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4.4.1.3.2

PARKING SPACE - 1:

Beside Charminar bus stop paid parking provision has been provided which accommodates 100-120 vehicles (both 2 and 4 wheelers). 4.4.1.3.3

PARKING SPACE - 2:

Along shali-banda road separate street vending zones and parking has been provided which can accommodates 10-15 vehicles (both 2 and4 wheelers).

Figure 29 4.4.1.3.4 PARKING SPACE - 3: Along the pather gatti road street vending and on-street parking spaces has been provided that accommodates 50-60 vehicles is causing congestion along the street and because of these commuters, tourists as well as the people involved in informal activities are facing many problems on the street.

Figure 30 4.4.1.3.5

PARKING SPACE - 4:

There is another provision for parking for chowmahalla palace that accommodates 20 vehicles (both 2 and 4 wheelers). 4.4.1.3.6

PARKING SPACE - 5:

On the streets of Laad bazaar formal on-street parking has been provided which accommodates about 50 two wheelers.

Figure 31 29 | P a g e

4.4.1.3.7

PARKING SPACE - 6:

There is another provision for paid parking near chowmahalla palace that accommodates 30-40 vehicles (both 2 and 4 wheelers). 4.4.1.3.8

PARKING SPACE - 7:

Near madina junction paid off street parking is available which accommodates about 500 vehicles. 4.4.1.3.9

PARKING SPACE - 8:

On the streets of gulzar houz people are parking their vehicles on the street which accommodates 10 vehicles.

Figure 32 4.4.1.4 4.4.1.4.1

PARKING DETAILS: MAXIMUM PARKING ACCUMULATION CHARACTERISTICS (ON-STREET PARKING).

Table 8 Major junctions Between APSRTC bus stand and charminar Between charminar and gulzar houz Between gulzar houz and madina Total

Threewheeler 88

Fourwheeler 23

Twowheeler 47

Cycle rickshaw (non-motorised) 20

Total

38

28

105

10

383

38

15

227

2

882

164

66

75

32

1543

278

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PARKING AT MAJOR AREAS (ON STREET) Cycle rickshaw (non-motorised) Two-wheeler Four-wheeler Three-wheeler 0

50

100

150

200

250

Between gulzar houz and madina Between charminar and gulzar houz Between APSRTC bus stand and charminar

4.4.1.4.2

MAXIMUM PARKING ACCUMULATION CHARACTERISTICS (OFF-STREET PARKING)

Table 9 Major junctions Between TSRTC bus stand and charminar (Unaini hospital and MCH building) Charminar (2) gulzar houz (3) Total

Threewheeler 4

Fourwheeler 27

Twowheeler 155

Total

-

-

23

23

4

27

178

209

186

PARKING AT MAJOR AREAS (OFF STREET)

(Unaini hospital and MCH building) Charminar (2) gulzar houz (3)

Between APSRTC bus stand and charminar

0 Two-wheeler

20

40

Four-wheeler

60

80 100 120 140 160 180

Three-wheeler

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4.4.1.4.3

PARKING DURATION CHARACTERISTICS:

Table 10 Between TSRTC bus stand and Charminar L.T. 30 mins 30-60 mins 60-2 hours 2-4 hours G.T. 4 hours Total

Threewheeler 1465 49 6 4 4 1528

Fourwheeler 95 12 15 7 8 137

Twowheeler 590 81 34 12 12 729

Carts

Total

218 145 55 23 6 2412

2368 287 110 46 30 2841

DURATION OF PARKING 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 L.T. 30 mins

30-60 mins

Three-wheeler

60-2 hours

Four-wheeler

2-4 hours

G.T. 4 hours

Two-wheeler

Carts

Table 11 Between Charminar and gulzar houz L.T. 30 mins 30-60 mins 60-2 hours 2-4 hours G.T. 4 hours Total

Threewheeler 420 18 1 7 2 439

Fourwheeler 83 16 20 82 29 128

Twowheeler 158 273 182 89 31 724

Carts

Total

162 309 203 28 9 711

823 616 406 206 71 2002

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DURATION OF PARKING 450 400 350

300 250 200 150 100 50 0 L.T. 30 mins

30-60 mins

Three-wheeler

60-2 hours

Four-wheeler

2-4 hours

Two-wheeler

G.T. 4 hours

Carts

Table 12 Between gulzar houz and madina L.T. 30 mins 30-60 mins 60-2 hours 2-4 hours G.T. 4 hours Total

Threewheeler 739 18 1 758

Fourwheeler 124 15 3 2 144

Twowheeler 273 200 79 24 576

Carts

Total

360 393 216 82 26 1077

1496 411 432 164 52 2555

DURATION OF PARKING 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 739

18

1

-

-

L.T. 30 mins

30-60 mins

60-2 hours

2-4 hours

G.T. 4 hours

Four-wheeler

Two-wheeler

Carts

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Table 13 Grand total of Charminar area L.T. 30 mins 30-60 mins 60-2 hours 2-4 hours G.T. 4 hours Total

Threewheeler 2624 85 6 11 6 2732

Fourwheeler 302 28 50 92 49 521

Twowheeler 1021 354 416 180 67 2038

Carts

Total

740 847 474 114 41 2216

4687 1314 948 416 153 7518

DURATION OF PARKING 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 L.T. 30 mins

30-60 mins

Three-wheeler

4.4.1.5

60-2 hours

Four-wheeler

2-4 hours

G.T. 4 hours

Two-wheeler

Carts

PUBLIC TRANSPORT FACILITIES:

There are 5 bus stops at Chowmahalla palace, at ghansi bazaar, at madina, at CRPF headquarters and at City College; a bus stand at Charminar and 2 auto stands one at Charminar and another at putla burz in the area. All these public transport facilities average distance of 750 meters each as per the standards of IRC and ITDP.

Figure 33 Charminar bus stand

Figure 34 Bus stop near chowmahalla palace

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Figure 35 Auto stand at Charminar bus stand

▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ 4.4.1.6

Figure 36 Auto stand at gulzar houz

Distance between bus stand-1 and bus stop-1: 740 meters. Distance between bus stop-1 and bus stop-2: 640 meters. Distance between bus stop-2 and bus stop-3: 680 meters. Distance between bus stop-3 and bus stop-4: 500 meters. Distance between bus stop-2 and bus stop-5: 750 meters. Distance between Auto stand-1 and auto stand-2: 480 meters. STREET FURNITURE:

Existing street furniture such as bus shelters, street lights, sign boards, pathways, benches on the street as well as in the bus shelters are not up to the standards. The bus stop at medina and CRPF police headquarters aren’t provided with minimum standards i.e., no bus shelter and no benches. Hence there is a need to improve these facilities wherever required as per the standards from URDPFI guidelines.

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5 ISSUES: 5.1 ISSUE-1: LACK OF PUBLIC TOILETS AND DUST BINS There is only one public toilet in the area, though there is provision of dustbins due to high concentration of street vending activities available bins are insufficient. As per the standards of Swachh Bharath mission there should a provision of public toilet for every 500 meters and a dust bin of capacity 50 litres as per the requirements and concentration of street vending activities. Hence there is need to provide public toilets and dust bins.

5.2 ISSUE-2: LACK OF PARKING FACILITIES Though few on-street and off-street parking facilities have been provided of area 5000 sq.m which can accommodate 800 vehicles including both two and four wheelers which isn’t sufficient as it is estimated that 12000-15000 people visit this area with 1000-1200 vehicles. Hence there is a requirement for 3000 sq.m to provide parking facilities. As per the standards of HMDA a two-wheeler requires 2.5 sq.m of area and a four-wheeler requires 12.5 sq.m for parking

5.3 ISSUE-3: LACK OF PATHWAYS AND STREET FURNITURE Coverage of pathways in the area is very less though few pathways has been provided but these pathways have been encroached and occupied by street vending activities. Hence there is a requirement for provision of pathways wherever required. As per the standards of ITDP and URDPFI guidelines there has be provision of pathway with a minimum width 1.8 meters, a street light and bench for every 30 meters. And also regulate the street vending activities by providing separate vending zones and separating them with boulders from the street. Bus stops at ghansi bazaar and CRPF headquarters doesn’t have bus shelter and benches for seating of passengers. There is a need to provide bus shelter and benches in these bus stops.

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6 PROPOSALS AND STRATEGIES: 6.1 PROPOSAL-1: Provision of public toilets and dust bins as per the standards of Swachh Bharath mission.

6.2 PROPOSAL-2: Provision of parking space by regulating on street parking as per the standards of IRC.

6.3 PROPOSAL-3: Provision of pathways and street furniture (street lights, benches and sign & information boards) as per the guidelines of ITDP and URDPFI. And also regulating street vending activities as per street vendors act 2014.

6.4 PROPOSAL-4: Provision of a heritage walk as per the guidelines of HRIDAY scheme. Table 14 PROPOSALS

STRATEGIES

Provision of public toilets and dust bins as per the standards of Swachh Bharath mission.

➢ Provision of portable public toilets for every 500 meters with 2 toilets in it serving 100 people per day. ➢ Provision of garbage / dust bins where ever required based on the concentration of street vending activities. Providing paid on-street parking while utilizing open spaces available which also generated revenue.

Provision of parking space by regulating on street parking as per the standards of IRC. Provision of pathways and street furniture (street lights, benches and sign & information boards) as per the guidelines of ITDP and URDPFI. And also regulating street vending activities as per street vendors act 2014.

Provision of a heritage walk as per the guidelines of HRIDAY scheme.

Providing and improving pathways where ever required by regulating and separating street vending activities by providing boulders, and also solar street lamps at a distance of every 30 meters with benches, sign & information boards (not exceeding size of 0.1 sq.m) where ever required. Connecting all heritage structures in the area through pathways by forming a circuit of heritage walk.

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7 COST ESTIMATION: 7.1 FOR SOLAR STREET LAMPS WITH BENCHES AND AN ELECTRIC PLUG POINT: Solar LED Street light * Solar Module of 37 Wp - Rs.3145. * Lead Acid Battery of 40 Ah - Rs. 3500. * Solar Charge controller 12 volts / 6 Amp. Rs. 600. * Aluminium Die cast LED fitting 6-watt Rs. 600. * Edison Make LED of 1 watt / 110 Lm- 6 No. -Rs. 540. * LED Driver Rs. 300. * GI pole of 17 feet with fitting for Panel & Battery Box - Rs. 1300. * Battery Box - Rs. 600. * Concrete foundation Rs. 1000. * Labour Rs. 500 per 1 pole fitting. TOTAL COST IS RS. 12085/- per 1 street lamp.

Figure 37 Picture showing proposed solar street lamps with benches and an electric plug point

7.2 FOR PORTABLE PUBLIC TOILETS AND DUST BINS: •

• •

A portable toilet or mobile toilet is a toilet that may easily be moved around. They may be toilets that can be brought on site, such as a festival or building site, to quickly provide sanitation services. It costs around 4500 rupees to rent a portable public toilet per day and 24000 rupees per month. It costs around 1600 rupees for a pair of swing dust bins of capacity 50 litres.

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Figure 38 Picture showing proposed portable public toilets.

Figure 39 Picture showing proposed dust bins

7.3 FOR SIGN BOARDS AND INFORMATION DISSEMINATION BOARDS: • •

Sign boards and heritage dissemination boards are the information boards which helps us to navigate through a heritage area in locating heritage structures in the area. It costs around 1200 /- per square foot for a typical steel boards and coming to neon lighted boards which is very expensive costs around 7200 /- per square foot.

HERITAGE MONUMENT AHEAD

Figure 50 Pictures showing proposed sign boards.

AHEAD 30 METERS

Figure 41 Pictures showing information boards

7.4 FOR PAVING PATHWAYS / FOOT PATHS: •

Coming to costing each clay brick costs about 5-5.50 rupees and concrete bricks about 3-3.50 rupees.

•

Average area of each brick is 0.25 square meters i.e. it requires 3 bricks per square feet.

•

Cost estimate in laying a pathway including bricks, cement, concrete and labor is Rs. 5 lakhs per sq.Km.

•

A total of 1.5 km of road has no footpaths hence there is a need to lay footpath on these roads.

•

Cost estimate to lay a pathway of 1 square kilometre is 5 lakh rupees.

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7.5 TOTAL FINAL ESTIMATE: Table 15 PROPOSAL Solar led street lights Public toilets Dust bins Sign and information boards Pathways TOTAL

ESTIMATE per QUANTITY Rs. 12085 /Rs. 24000 /Rs. 1600 /Rs. 1200 /Rs. 500000 /Rs. 538885 /-

FINAL ESTIMATE Rs. 15,17,050 Rs. 96,000 Rs. 11,200 Rs. 1,29,600 Rs. 7,50,000 Rs. 24,71,450 /-

7.6 CONCLUSION: Ward-49 of circle-5 of GHMC has high concentration of heritage structures as well as commercial activities. Thousands of tourists visit the area every day for shopping and site seeing of historical monuments. The commercial activities and heritage monuments were part of the city for 500 years having national significance and are greatly integrated with each other. To accommodate people the public amenities in the area are not up to the standards to meet the requirements. There is a need to improve these public amenities in the area as per the guidelines of HRIDAY scheme and different standards in the Indian context.

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8 BIBILOGRAPHY: ▪

Report on HRIDAY SCHEME 2014-2019.

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Report on Swachh Bharath scheme.

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Standards from IRC, ITDP, HMDA.

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Report on street vending act, 2010.

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Archaeological survey of India.

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URDPFI guidelines, 2014.

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Report on heritage monuments of Hyderabad.

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Model heritage regulations.

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