TWO MARKS 1. Draw the block diagram of a 4 bit up-down binary counter? 2. Explain races? How they can be avoided? 3. What is non critical race. 16 MARKS 1 (a) A synchronous sequential circuit is at initial state ‘a’. The input sequence 01010110100 produces output of 0 or 1 and drives the circuit to the next states as indicated below. State
a
a
b
c
d
e
f
f
g
f
g
Input
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
Output
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
a
Obtain a reduced state diagram and transition table. (b) Write short notes on Hazards in combinational & sequential circuits.
4. (a) Design a gated latch circuit with two inputs – D (data) and G (Gate) and one output Q. (b) Explain a Universal shift register with a neat block diagram. (c) Explain how serial addition could be performed using shift registers.