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Quality By ISHIKAWA, PARASURAHMAN, DONABEDIAN, PHILIPS CROSBY, JURAN-JURAN, EDWARD DEMING
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QUALITY BY ISHIKAWA • Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed • Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed
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QUALITY BY PARASURAMAN • Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed • Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed
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QUALITY BY DONABEDIAN • Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed • Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed
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QUALITY BY PHILIPS CROSBY • Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed • Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed
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QUALITY BY JURAN-JURAN • Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed • Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed
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QUALITY BY EDWARD DEMING • Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed • Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed
ASSALAMUALAIKUM WR.WB
01. QUALITY BY ISHIKAWA Dr. Kauro Ishikawa merupakan pencetus dari konse p/teori Lingkaran Kualitas (Quality Circle) dan Diagr am Sebab-Akibat atau juga dikenal dengan Diagram Tulang Ikan (Fishbone Diagram) atau Diagram Ishik awa (Ishikawa Diagram).
ISHIKAWA • • • •
Lahir di Tokyo pada 13 juli 1915 1939-41 : bekerja sebagai Naval Offficer In 1947, menjadi asosiasi professor pada Universitas Tokyo In 1949, Ishikawa Joined The Japanese Union Of Scientists and Engineers (JUSE) • Dia menerjemahkan, integrated and expanded the manage ment concepts of Edwards W. Deming and Joseph M. Juran dalam sistem Jepang • Meninggal pada 16 April 1989
ISHIKAWA Setelah keluar dari Angkatan Laut, pada tahun 1943, Ishikawa mendesain Diagr am Sebab-Akibat (Diagram Tulang Ikan) bagi Kawasaki Steel Works. Lalu pada akhirnya, di tahun 1949, Ishikawa begabung dengan JUSE (Japanese Union of Scientists and Engineerings) yang notabene merupakan kelompok penelitian pe ngawasan kualitas, karena pada saat itu, industri Jepang memproduksi barang murah dengan kualitas yang rendah. Ishikawa mempunyai tujuan untuk meruba h itu semua. 1962, Ishikawa mengembangkan Quality Circles, di mana sekumpulan orang bel ajar untuk mengidentifikasi masalah lalu memberikan solusi atas masalah terseb ut. Solusi yang diberikan selanjutnya akan dipresentasikan kepada manajemen t ingkat atas dari suatu organisasi.
ISHIKAWA Kontribusi Ishikawa yang juga tak kalah pentingnya adalah menyempurnaka n model PDCA (Plan Do Check Act) yang dikembangkan oleh Edward Demin g, penemu konsep PMT. Ishikawa mengkolaborasikannya menjadi rencana e nam langkah: 1. Tentukan target dan tujuan 2. Tentukan metoda pencapaian 3. Lakukan sosialisasi melalui pelatihan 4. Terapkan pekerjaan 5. Lakukan pemeriksaan dari implementasi yang berjalan 6. Lakukan hal-hal yang di perlukan untuk mencapai tujuan
ISHIKAWA • Kelompok pekerja yang melakukan pekerjaan yang sama atau ser upa bertemu secara teratur untuk mengidentifikasi, menganalisis, dan mengatasi masalah terkait pekerjaan • Dipimpin oleh supervisor atau manajer • Mempresentasikan solusi untuk manajemen dan jika mungkin pek erja mengimplementasikan solusi itu sendiri • Meningkatkan kinerja organisasi dan memotivasi karyawan
ISHIKAWA TOP MANAJER
Q U A L I T Y
C I R C L E
Steering Committe Co-Ordinator Facilitator Leader Members Non Qc- members
ISHIKAWA DIAGRAM SEBAB AKIBAT/FISH BONE
02. PHILIPS CROSBY
02. PHILIPS CROSBY • Philip B. Crosby selalu diasosiasikan dengan dua ide yang sangat menarik d an sangat kuat dalam mutu
Mutu Itu Gratis
Mutu itu kesalahan, kegagalan, pemborosan, dan penundaan waktu, serta semua hal yang tidak bermutu lainnya bisa dihilangkan jika institusi memiliki kemauan untuk ini
02. PHILIPS CROSBY • 14 langkah mencapai mutu, Komitmen pada pimpinan. Inisiatif pencapaian mutu pada umumnya oleh pimpinan dan dikomunikasikan sebagai kebijakan secara jelas dan dimengerti oleh seluruh unsur pelaksana lembaga.
Bentuk tim perbaikan mutu yang bertugas merumuskan dan mengendalikan program peningkatan mutu.
Buatlah pengukuran mutu, dengan cara tentukan baseline data saat program peningkatan mutu dimulai, dan tentukan standar mutu yang diinginkankan sebagai patokan.
Menghitung biaya mutu. Setiap mutu dari suatu produk/jasa dihitung termasuk didalamnya antara lain: kalau terjadi pengulangan pekerjaan jika terjadi kesalahan, inspeksi/supervise, dan test/percobaan
02. PHILIPS CROSBY NEXT Membangkitkan kedaran akan mutu bagi setiap orang yang terlibat dalam proses produksi/jasa dalam lembaga.
Melakukan tindakan perbaikan. Untuk ini perlu metodologi yang sistematis agar tindakan yang dilakukannya cocok dengan penyelesaian masalag yang dihadapi, dan karenanya perlu dibuat suatu seri tugas-tugas tim dalam agenda yang cermat
Lakukan perencanaan kerja tanpa cacat (zero defect planning) dari pimpinan sampai pada seluruh staf pelaksana.
Adakan pelatihan pada tingkat pimpinan (supervisor training) untuk mengetahui peranan mereka masing-masing dalam proses pencapaian mutu, teristimewa bagi pimpinan tingkat menengah
02. PHILIPS CROSBY NEXT
Adakan hari tanpa cacat, untuk menciptakan komitmen dan kesadaran tentang pentingnya pengembangan staf Goal setting. Setiap tim/bagian merumuskan tujuan yang akan dicapai dengan tepat dan harus dapat diukur keberhasilannya
Lakukan perencanaan kerja tanpa cacat (zero defect planning) dari pimpinan sampai pada seluruh staf pelaksana. Berusaha menghilangkan penyebab kesalahan. Ini berarti sekaligus melakukan usaha perbaikan.
02. PHILIPS CROSBY NEXT
Harus ada pengakuan atas prestasi bukan berupa uang tapi misalnya penghargaan atau sertifikat dan lainnya sejenis
Bentuk suatu Komisi Mutu, yang secara profesional akan merencanakan usaha-usaha perbaikan mutu dan menoneter secara berkelanjutan.
Lakukan berulangkali, karena program mencapai mutu tak pernah akan berakhir.
04. J. JURAN
04. J. JURAN Dia adalah penulis dan editor sejumlah buku di antaranya, Juran’s Quality Control Handbook, Juran on Planning for Quality,dan Juran on Leadership f or Quality Dia terkenal dengan ide nya, yaitu ‘kesesuaian dengan tujuan dan manfaat’ . Ide ini menunjukkan bahwa produk atau jasa yang sudah dihasilkan mung kin sudah memenuhi spesifikasinya, namun belum tentu sesuai dengan tuju annya Menurut dia, 85 persen masalah merupakan tanggung jawab manajemen, k arena mereka memiliki 85 persen control terhadap system organisasi. Juran telah mengembangkan sebuah pendekatan yang disebut Manajemen Mutu Strategis (SQM) untuk membantu manajer dalam merencanakan
05. W. Edward Deming William Edwards Deming (14 Oktober 1900 – 20 Desem ber 1993) adalah seorang Amerika statistik , profesor , p enulis , dosen , dan konsultan .
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