ض ا ت :أ ذات ارات !"#دة
ء ا ا
ذ .ا &ال
א א و אאضא"א! و ( )$ !%#א'& א"+678ضوא4 05א-/و1+23א*+,-./0 ﻳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﻤﺎﺭﻳﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﻳﺘﺄﻟﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ .ﺃﺟﺐ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺳﺆﺍﻝ ﺏ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻄﺄ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﺆﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ ﺃﺳﻔﻠﻪ .ﻛﻞ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﻳﻨﻘﻂ ﺏ 2,5pts ﻛﻞ ﺳﺆﺍﻝ ﺧﺎﻃﺊ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺇﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﺗﺨﺼﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﻟﻲ 1pts :ﻭ . 0,5pts ﺍﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻄﺄﻳﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﻳﻤﻨﺢ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻟﻠﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ ا*) وا '.............................................. :
ا, - ا ر.
a
ا ى...............................
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d
1./ 2 ./ 3./ 4./ 5./ 6./ 7./ 8./
ا ../20 :89 1 www.ibnalkhatib2.canalblog.com
ء ا ا
ض ا ت :أ ذات ارات !"#دة
ذ .ا &ال
ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ 1 ﺃﻱ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺮﺍﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺟﺔ ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻟﻴﺔ ؟ (aﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ (bﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻂ ) ﻗﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻂ ( (cﻟﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻨﻲ ﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ ﺻﻮﺗﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻧﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺭﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺬﺑﺬﺏ ﻭﺯﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ )ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺢ ( ﺃﻭ ﺯﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺳﻴﺔ . (dﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻼﻗﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻠﺘﻴﻦ )ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻟﺘﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻠﺘﻴﻦ ( ﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﺇﺗﻼﻑ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺟﺔ . ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ 2 ﻫﺬﻩ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﺍﻗﺘﺮﺍﺣﺎﺕ ﺗﻬﻢ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍﺀ : (aﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻫﺘﺰﺍﺯ ﻗﺮﺏ ﺑﻘﺮﺏ ﻟﻠﺠﺰﻳﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻮﺍﺀ . (bﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﺰﺍﺯ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻣﻊ ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ . (cﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺟﺔ ﺻﻮﺗﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩ . N (dﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﺴﺘﻤﻊ ﻣﻼﺣﻆ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺩ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﻔﻴﺾ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻨﺒﻌﺜﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺒﻊ . ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ 3 ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺗﺴﺎﻭﻱ ، 340m.s-1ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﻃﺎﺋﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻧﻜﻮﺭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻄﻴﺮ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻃﻴﺮﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ . (mach 1) 1100Km.h-1 ﻧﻌﻄﻲ 3,6×3,4 = 12,24 :ﻭﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻄﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ . (aﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎ ﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ ﻻ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ . (bﺍﻧﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻱ ﻳﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﺯﺩﻳﺎﺩ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ . (cﻣﺪﺓ ﻃﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻧﻜﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭﻳﺲ ﻭﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ ) ( 6000Kmﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻄﻴﺮ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ )(mach2 =2mach1 ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ 3Hﺛﻼﺙ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ . '' (dﺿﺠﻴﺞ '' ﻃﺎﺋﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻧﻜﻮﺭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ mach1ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ 6,6Kmﻣﻦ ﻣﻼﺣﻆ ﻳﺴﻤﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ 6s ﺳﺘﺔ ﺛﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ. ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ 4 ﻧﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺻﻮﺗﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺗﺮﺩﺩ N = 40KHzﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﻫﻲ340ms-1 : (aﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ . 8,5mm : (bﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻄﻮﻋﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ Tﻫﻲ . 8,5mm (cﻳﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻏﻴﺮﻧﺎ ﻏﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ . (dﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻨﺎﻗﺺ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺼﻒ ﺗﻨﺎﻗﺼﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺼﻒ . 2 www.ibnalkhatib2.canalblog.com
ء ا ا
ض ا ت :أ ذات ارات !"#دة
ذ .ا &ال
ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ5 .
ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﻮﺟﺔ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺻﻮﺗﻴﺔ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺭﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺬﺑﺬﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﻫﻲ : ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺢ 50µs/div :ﻭ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺳﻴﺔ 2V/div :ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺭﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺬﺑﺬﺏ ﺑﺘﺄﺧﺮ 2div (aﺗﺮﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻫﻮ .40KHz (bﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺗﺬﺑﺬﺑﻴﻦ ﺃﻭ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺭﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺬﺑﺬﺏ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺨﻔﺾ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ )ﻣﺜﻼ (5µs/div (cﻭﺳﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ ) ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻄﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻮﻳﺔ ( ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺎ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ (dﻭﺳﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ ﻻ ﻳﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ . 2V ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ 6 ﻧﺤﺪﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻮﺽ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﺔ ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﺗﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ،V = 18,7cm.s-1ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ ﻟﺠﺰﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺽ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺮﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻮﻣﺎﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ . Neﺭﺳﻤﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺗﻴﻦ ﺗﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ 10cmﻛﺴﻠﻢ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎﺱ . (aﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺟﺔ λ = 1,7cmﺑﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ . 0,1cm (bﺗﺮﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺒﻊ ﻫﻮ N = 11Hzﺑﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ . 1 Hz (cﻋﻨﺪ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺗﺮﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻮﻣﺎﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺮﺩﺩ N’e = 10 Hzﻧﻌﺎﻳﻦ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﻄﻴﺌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻛﺲ . (dﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺑﻴﺮﻋﺔ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻳﺔ Va = 1,7 cm.s-1 ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ 7 ﻫﺬﻩ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﺍﻗﺘﺮﺍﺣﺎﺕ ﺗﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺀ : (aﺍﻟﻀﻮﺀ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺮﺿﺔ ،ﺗﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﺎﻁ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ . (bﺍﻟﻀﻮﺀ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺒﻌﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ Laserﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺷﻌﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﺘﺮﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ. (cﺗﺒﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺀ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﻮﺷﻮﺭ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻧﻜﺴﺎﺭ ﻭﺳﻂ ﻳﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺑﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩ . (dﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺟﺘﻴﺎﺯ ﺿﻮﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺍﻹﻧﻜﺴﺎﺭ.
3 www.ibnalkhatib2.canalblog.com
ء ا ا
ض ا ت :أ ذات ارات !"#دة
ذ .ا &ال
ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ 8 ﻧﻀﻲﺀ ﺷﻘﺎ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ aﺑﻀﻮﺀ ﺃﺣﻤﺮ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺟﺘﻪ ، λ =690 nmﻧﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺗﺒﻌﺪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺏ D = 2 mﺑﻘﻌﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﻋﺮﺿﻬﺎ Lﺣﻮﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﻘﻊ ﻋﺮﺿﻬﺎ . L / 2ﻗﻴﺎﺱ 10L /2 =2,3 cm : (aﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻭﻱ θﻳﺰﺩﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺎﺩ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺸﻖ . a (bﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻭﻱ θﻳﺰﺩﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ . D (cﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺸﻖ ﻳﺴﺎﻭﻱ . a = 0,6 cm : (dﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻭﻱ θﻳﺰﺩﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺀ ﺍﻷﺯﺭﻕ ﺑﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺀ ﺍﻷﺣﻤﺮ .
4 www.ibnalkhatib2.canalblog.com
ض ا ت :أ ذات ارات !"#دة
ء ا ا
ذ .ا &ال
ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ا, -
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ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺮﻭﺍ ﻻﺣﻘﺎ ﺇﺟﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﻠﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ
5 www.ibnalkhatib2.canalblog.com