Qat, Somking
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Hiziaz district Square no: X: Smoking cigarettes as a result of qat chewing and vise versa By Ibrahim M Ibrahim Overview: Hiziaz is one of Yemen’s capital districts, south Sana’a. Poverty is widespread in the studied area and medical attention is needed regarding the wrong practices. Qat is a plant with green leaves that Yemenis usually chew to energize them (effective substance is Cathione (amphetamine-like) ), lately because of the high demand farmers used pesticides and unnatural fertilizers, which increased associated morbidity rate. Although the high rate of poverty, cigarettes smoking are very common practice in there, by all society classes and ages.
Objective: To evaluate the relationship between qat chewing and cigarettes smoking.
Method: Through an 88 individuals sample taken randomly from square (X) regarding how qat chewing and cigarettes smoking are connected? The following results were statistically estimated.
Result: By interpreting the tables studied by chi-square test we recognize that there is a relationship between qat chewing (QC) and cigarettes smoking (CS), and thus the adverse effect of each upon one another and give an indication for the necessity of combating both of them at the same time.
Do you smoke? * Do you chew qat? Crosstabulation
Do you chew qat?
Do you smoke?
Total
Yes
No
Yes
34
3
37
No
38
13
51
72
16
88
Total
Chi-Square Tests
Pearson Chi-Square Continuity Correction Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association N of Valid Cases
a
Value 4.355 b 3.265 4.724
df 1 1 1
Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) .037 .071 .030
Exact Sig. (2-sided)
Exact Sig. (1-sided)
.050 4.306
1
.038
88
a. Computed only for a 2x2 table b. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 6. 73.
Interpretation: We first put H0 there is no relationship between QC and CS. And put H1 there is a relationship between QC and CS. Through the calculations the X2= 4.355 And through tabulation X2 for a degree of freedom = 1, the X2 is 3.84. Therefore; we reject the null hypothesis and accept H1.
.032
Bar Chart Do you chew qat?
40
yes no
Count
30
20
10
0 yes
no
Do you smoke?
Conclusion: There is a relationship between qat smoking and cigarettes smoking.
Objective: To evaluate the relationship between qat chewing and cigarettes smoking.
Method: Through an 88 individuals sample taken randomly from square (X) regarding how qat chewing and cigarettes smoking are connected? The following results were statistically estimated.
Result: By interpreting the tables studied by chi-square test we recognize that there is a relationship between qat chewing (QC) and cigarettes smoking (CS), and thus the adverse effect of each upon one another and give an indication for the necessity of combating both of them at the same time.
Do you smoke? * Do you chew qat? Crosstabulation
Do you chew qat?
Do you smoke?
Total
Yes
No
Yes
34
3
37
No
38
13
51
72
16
88
Total
Chi-Square Tests
Pearson Chi-Square Continuity Correction Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association N of Valid Cases
a
Value 4.355 b 3.265 4.724
df 1 1 1
Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) .037 .071 .030
Exact Sig. (2-sided)
Exact Sig. (1-sided)
.050 4.306
1
.038
88
a. Computed only for a 2x2 table b. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 6. 73.
Interpretation: We first put H0 there is no relationship between QC and CS. And put H1 there is a relationship between QC and CS. Through the calculations the X2= 4.355 And through tabulation X2 for a degree of freedom = 1, the X2 is 3.84. Therefore; we reject the null hypothesis and accept H1.
.032
Bar Chart Do you chew qat?
40
yes no
Count
30
20
10
0 yes
no
Do you smoke?
Conclusion: There is a relationship between qat smoking and cigarettes smoking.
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