Pvc

TREATMENTS OF OBESITY

SUBMITTED BY: PRIYANKA.V.CHAUGHULE GUIDED BY: Dr.(Mrs.) SUDHA RATHOD

TREATMENT OF OBESITY INTRODUCTION: Obesity may be considered a chronic pathological condition resulting from complex interactions between cultural, psychological and genetic factors. During the past 30–40 years, a markedly increased emphasis on its control has, in part, resulted from evidence of risks to the health of the obese by a spectrum of metabolic disorders.

What is obesity ? 



      

Obesity is becoming increasingly common throughout the world Obesity is the most common nutritional disorder. Obesity is the accumulation of excessive body fat. BMI= wt. in kg./(Height in m)2 Underweight: Less than 17.9 Normal: 18 to 25 Overweight: 25.1 to 29.9 Obese: Moderate: 30 to 40 Severe: More than 40

Types of obesity 

It is hard to make a cut and dried classification of obesity.

Android: Gynoid:

The third type

Contributing factors to obesity 

1. The Gene, GAD2



2. Snacks can make people obese and highwired



3. Fast food infiltration in our culture



4. Lack of physical activity



5. Food has tremendous social meaning



6. Energy imbalance WeightGain: Calories Consumed > Calories Used WeightLoss: Calories Consumed < Calories Used NoWeightchange Calories Consumed = Calories Used



7. Larger Portion sizes



8. Diseases and Drugs



9. Negative Emotions

Relation of obesity & other diseases               

Obesity is associated with : High blood pressure and high blood cholesterol Coronary heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure Type 2 diabetes Osteoarthritis Gallstones Low back pain Heartburn Gout Obstructive sleep apnea and other respiratory problems Some types of cancer, including endometrial, breast, prostate and colon Complications of pregnancy Poor female reproductive health such as menstrual irregularities, infertility Bladder control problems (e.g., stress incontinence) Psychological disorders including depression, eating disorders, distorted body image and low self esteem

Various methods of treatment available 

  

 

Specific treatment for obesity is determined based on: Age, overall health, and medical history Extent of overweight or obesity Tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies Expectations for the course of the condition Patient’s opinion or preference

     

Surgical treatment Medical treatment Exercise Diet Environmental factors Support groups

SURGERIES: 



Adjustable gastric banding (AGB) The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved an AGB system in 2001



Vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG)

Potential candidates for bariatric surgery include:  Persons with a Body Mass Index (BMI) greater than 40  Men who are 100 pounds over their ideal body weight or women who are 80 pounds over their ideal body weight  Persons with a BMI between 35 and 40 who have another condition such as obesity-related type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea, or heart disease

Risks of the procedure:      

Infection Blood clots developed in legs or lungs Pneumonia Bleeding ulcer Development of gallstones Metabolic or nutritional deficiencies resulting in anemia or osteoporosis

Gastric Bypass (Malabsorptive) Surgery 

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RGB)



Biliopancreaticdiversion (BPD)

Potential candidates for bariatric surgery include:  persons with a Body Mass Index (BMI) greater than 40  men who are 100 pounds over their ideal body weight or women who are 80 pounds over their ideal body weight  persons with a BMI between 35 and 40 who have another condition such as obesity-related type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea, or heart disease

Risks of the procedure:      

Infection Blood clots developed in legs or lungs Pneumonia Bleeding ulcer Development of gallstones Stomach likage.

Abdominoplasty (Tummy Tuck) 

It is performed to remove excess skin and fat from the middle and lower abdomen and to tighten the muscles (rectus abdominis or "abs") of the abdominal wall. These muscles are tightened by pulling them close together and stitching them into their new position. This provides a firmer abdominal wall and narrows the waistline.

Liposuction 

. Lipoplasty is not an appropriate or effective treatment for obesity. Liposuction cannot treat obesity (the accumulation of excessive calories in the form of stored body fat). All liposculpture can do is remove localized pockets of fat to create a more pleasing body shape: it cannot reduce calorie intake

Tumescent Method of Lipoplasty 



Clinical evidence indicates that tumescent lipoplasty has a number of specific benefits and advantages over other types and techniques of liposuction, including: - Less need for general anesthesia - Less post-operative pain - Less need for pain-killers, analgesics

Panniculectomy Plastic Surgery Operation 

The plastic surgical procedure known as panniculectomy is designed to remove excess skin and body fat

DRUGS 

Weight-loss medications should always be combined with a program of healthy eating and regular physical activity.



Appetite suppressants



Lipase inhibitors

 

  



Potential Benefits Of Medication Treatment Potential Risks and Areas Of Concern When Considering Medication Treatment Potential For Abuse Or Dependence Development Of Tolerance Reluctance To View Obesity As A Chronic Disease Side Effects

SOME NEWER DEVELOPMENTS    

Leptin Drugs Acting at Neuropeptide Receptors Neuropeptide Y (NPY) antagonist Other Peptides

EXERCISE Increased energy expenditure  Decreased appetite  Increased fat oxidation EXERCISE PRESCRIPTIONS FOR WEIGHT LOSS AND WEIGHT MAINTENANC 

DIET

 

     

 

  

CONCLUSION Obesity counts for 300,000 premature deaths per year. “Obesity is the most common nutritional disorder in the developed world, and the second most preventable cause of death after smoking.” Treatment for obesity include: Diet Exercise Medical treatment Surgical treatment Although you cannot change your genetic makeup, you can change your eating habits and levels of activity. Try these techniques that have helped some people lose weight and keep it off: Learn how to choose more nutritious meals that are lower in fat. Learn to recognize and control environmental cues (like inviting smells) that make you want to eat when you're not hungry. Become more physically active. Keep records of your food intake and physical activity. What was really needed is a campaign to educate our minds - and stomachs. We need urgent action. The time for action is now.

           

REFERENCES: 1 www.merck.com 2 Pharmacology by Rang & Dale -H.P.Rang,M.M.Dale,J.M.Ritter 5th edition 3 Lippincott’s text book of pharmacology -Mary J. Mysek,Richard Harvey 2nd edition 4 www.hashmi.com 5 www.womenfitness.net 6. www.healthlink.mcw edu 7 www.columbiasurgery.org

       

8 www.uchospitals.edu 9 www.weight.com 10 www.bariatric.surgery.info 11 www.healthlink.org 12 www.win.com 13 http://edrv.endojournals 14 www.endotext.org 15 www.healthallrefer.com

THE END THANK YOU