GOVT. SEC. SCHOOL, NABHA (BOYS)
COMPUTER LAB
INDEX • • • • • • • • • • • • •
INTRODUCTION DIAGRAM SHOWING ECLIPSE CAUSE OF ECLIPSE TYPES OF ECLIPSE SOLAR ECLIPSE TYPES OF SOLAR ECLIPSE HOW DOES SOLAR ECLIPSE OCCUR? LUNAR ECLIPSE TYPES OF LUNAR ECLIPSE HOW DOES LUNAR ECLIPSE OCCUR? ANNULAR ECPILSE LONGEST ECLIPSE ACKNOWLEDGMENT
INTRODUCTION Eclipse, in astronomy, the obscuring of one celestial body by another, particularly that of the sun or a planetary satellite. One consequence of the Moon's orbit about the Earth is that the Moon can shadow the Sun's light as viewed from the Earth, or the Moon can pass through the shadow cast by the Earth. The former is called a solar eclipse and the later is called a lunar eclipse. The small tilt of the Moon's orbit with respect to the plane of the ecliptic and the small eccentricity of the lunar orbit make such eclipses much less common than they would be otherwise, but partial or total eclipses are actually rather frequent.
DIAGRAM SHOWING HOW ECLIPSE OCCURS
WHAT CAUSES AN ECLIPSE? An eclipse occurs at those times when the Moon moves into a position of direct alignment with the Sun and the Earth.
TYPES OF ECLIPSE There are two basic types of eclipses – 3. Solar Eclipse 4. Lunar Eclipse
SOLAR ECLIPSE A solar eclipse occurs when The Moon lies between the Sun and Earth, casting its shadow on our planet. This only happens with a New Moon.
TYPES OF SOLAR ECLIPSES • • •
Total Solar Eclipses occur when the umbra of the Moon's shadow touches a region on the surface of the Earth. Partial Solar Eclipses occur when the penumbra of the Moon's shadow passes over a region on the Earth's surface. Annular Solar Eclipses occur when a region on the Earth's surface is in line with the umbra, but the distances are such that the tip of the umbra does not reach the Earth's surface.
HOW DOES A SOLAR ECLIPSE HAPPEN? Solar eclipses are an accident of nature. They are so spectacular because the Moon and the Sun appear almost the same size. In reality the Sun is much further away then the Moon, but much larger. The Moon orbits the Earth once a month, and eclipses happen if it lines up exactly with the Earth and the Sun. Solar eclipses occur at New Moon, when the Moon is between Earth and the Sun. Lunar eclipses occur at Full Moon, when Earth is between the Sun and the Moon. Eclipses do not take place every month because the orbits of the Moon and Earth are tilted at an angle. Most of the time, the line- up is not precise enough for an eclipse. However, there are more eclipses than people are generally aware of: There are at least two eclipses of the Sun each year, though most are partial. There are at least two eclipses of the Moon each year, though a proportion of these are only penumbral, when the Moon is not seen to darken by very much.
LUNAR ECLIPSE A lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth lies between the Sun and Moon, so that the Earth’s shadow darkens the Moon. This only happens with a Full Moon.
HOW DOES LUNAR ECLIPSE OCCUR? "During a total lunar eclipse, the Earth blocks the Sun's light from reaching the Moon. Astronauts on the Moon would then see the Earth eclipsing the Sun. (They would see a bright red ring around the Earth as they watched all the sunrises and sunsets happening simultaneously around the world!) While the Moon remains completely within Earth's umbra shadow, indirect sunlight still manages to reach and illuminate it. However, this sunlight must first pass deep through the Earth's atmosphere which filters out most of the blue colored light. The remaining light is a deep red or orange in color and is much dimmer than pure white sunlight. Earth's atmosphere also bends or refracts some of this light so that a small fraction of it can reach and illuminate the Moon."
The Moon is not normally completely dark during an eclipse because some sunlight is scattered towards the Moon by Earth's atmosphere. Usually, the Moon appears a deep coppery-orange colour even during totality. However, the colour and brightness are variable from one eclipse to another. They depend on factors such as the amount of volcanic dust and cloud in the atmosphere at the time.
TYPES OF LUNAR ECLIPSES • Penumbral Lunar Eclipse The Moon passes through Earth's penumbral shadow. These events are of only academic interest since they are subtle and quite difficult to observe. 2. Partial Lunar Eclipse A portion of the Moon passes through Earth's umbra shadow. These events are easy to see, even with the unaided eye. 3. Total Lunar Eclipse The entire Moon passes through Earth's umbral shadow. These events are quite striking for the vibrant range of colors the Moon can take on during the total phase (i.e. - totality).
ANNULAR ECLIPSE The distances between Earth and the Sun and Moon vary slightly, so their apparent sizes very a little too. Sometimes an eclipse occurs that would be total except that the Moon looks too small to cover the whole Sun. The result is an annular eclipse, where a bright ring of the Sun stays visible. Annular means ring-shaped. The corona cannot be seen during an annular eclipse because even a thin ring of the Sun makes the sky too bright.
THE LONGEST ECLIPSES Some total solar eclipses are long and some are short. Following are some of the longest eclipses ever occurred: The longest possible duration of totality is 7 minutes 31 seconds. The longest solar eclipse of the 20th century was on 30 June 1973. The most recent 'long' eclipse was on 11 July 1991 (6 m 54 s). The next 'long' eclipse is on 22 July 2009 (6 m 40 s).
PREPARED BY:
Smt. Gurbrinder Kaur Lect. Geography M.Sc. (GEO), M. PHIL. , B.A. (HONS), B.Ed.
HELPED BY: • DAVINDER SINGH • KRISHEN • SONY
REFERENCES • INTERNET: • WWW.ECLIPSE.COM • WWW.ANSWERS.COM 2.TEXT BOOK OF 7TH CLASS 3.MICROSOFT ENCARTA ENCYCLOPEDIA
GUIDED BY
DEEPAK CHAWLA [M.C.A ] (COMPUTER FACULTY) TEACHER TRAINER