Project 1
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ANALYTICAL STUDY OF THE MORDANTS AND THE TRANSPARENT SURFACE COATINGS USED IN BYZANTINE PAINTING The present research study investigates the decorative technique of mordant gilding used on wall paintings and the application of transparent coatings on the surface of portable icons. Both types of artworks were painted according to the Byzantine iconographic tradition. In particular, the chemical composition of the mordants and the surface coatings was studied, as well as the effects on them of ageing. Light microscopic (LM) examination was carried out on the cross-sections of samples taken from the mordant gilded areas of wall paintings and the preserved surface coatings of icons. Direct temperature resolved mass spectrometry
(DTMS)
and
pyrolysis
gas
chromatography
mass
spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) led to the identification mainly of the organic, as well as of some inorganic compounds. Imaging Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (imaging-FTIR) confirmed the presence in the cross-sections of natural resins, drying oils, and proteinaceous material, whereas the formation of metal soaps was also detected. Scanning electron microscopy – energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) gave an account of the elemental composition on selected cases. This study aims at characterising the mordants used for gilding on wall paintings and at providing an analytical protocol to tackle the practice of the repetitive application of transparent coatings on the surface of icons. Furthermore, the wall paintings of three post-Byzantine churches that are believed to have been painted by the same painter were compared as far as the mordant gilding technique is concerned, to provide additional evidence on their similarity.
(DTMS)
and
pyrolysis
gas
chromatography
mass
spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) led to the identification mainly of the organic, as well as of some inorganic compounds. Imaging Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (imaging-FTIR) confirmed the presence in the cross-sections of natural resins, drying oils, and proteinaceous material, whereas the formation of metal soaps was also detected. Scanning electron microscopy – energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) gave an account of the elemental composition on selected cases. This study aims at characterising the mordants used for gilding on wall paintings and at providing an analytical protocol to tackle the practice of the repetitive application of transparent coatings on the surface of icons. Furthermore, the wall paintings of three post-Byzantine churches that are believed to have been painted by the same painter were compared as far as the mordant gilding technique is concerned, to provide additional evidence on their similarity.
