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PROSTITUTION Prostitution is one of the most serious problems b y the Philippine society, most especially the government and the church as of today’s generation. Prostitution has been rampant all over the world, most especially here in Metro Manila. Everybody have been known that prostitution is only near or in front of Odeon Theater, Avenida Rizal, near Raon street, and also in the Luneta Park many of the girl are still young teenage, and with the age from 12 to 40 years, but many of them are still young. There are many kinds of Prostitution, and before the only known forms of the Prostitution are also involved both the females and the males although the former was rampant than the latter. Woman Prostitution is for men while male Prostitutions are for the gay and sometimes elderly, rich women. Females Prostitutes are either those kept in the brothel or roaming type commonly called ” Street Walkers”. If they are stay in the brothel, they are usually under the supervision of a “Madam” who is most likely a former the sex act in hotels and motels The Street Walkers, on the other hand stay in dark alleys entrancing male passes by into a sexual experience. Male Prostitutes cater principally to homosexual males and seldom to women costumers. Psychiatrists believe that male Prostitutes who service sexually male clients are latent homosexual. They roam around in conspicuous places like the lobbies of Department store and hotels or gay bars where homosexual flocks. Child Prostitutes are becoming more rampant how or now a days with the flux of foreign tourist in our shores. Sociologist views them as a manifestation of the developmental gap between two countries: a highly industrialized one and the other an underdeveloped one. With child Prostitutions is a disease called “Pedophiles” an innate tendency of an adult to engage in sexual act with a child.

One gets into Prostitution either consciously or unconsciously when one decided to be a prostitute at because he is in financial need. Studies show that there is a close correlation between prostitution and poverty. A majority of prostitutes come from poor families and since the trade can bring easy cash to one, he or she does not hesitate to indulge in it.

Denise Kristine S. Balolong Nr-12

Cause and Effect

Pollution

Now a day when we look in our surrounding it is very dirty and many garbage are spread all over our environment. It has a big difference unlike before. Our environment before was clean and it is good to see and the air was fresh. Many people are enjoying without getting disease from it. But now when we look anywhere, the surroundings has full of dirt and it was polluted. We are suffering from different pollution. Some of these are the pollution in air, pollution in water and the trees was slowly disappear. Throwing garbage anywhere, mostly in river, ocean, and many bodies of water causes pollution in Water. If we continually do this, our mother earth will die and we might hungry. And if many waste spread in our environment, It produces an unpleasant smell. All of us are affected, we might get sick. And suffer from a disease like diarrhea, dengue many more. So we might die. Pollution in Air, we are experiencing this kind of pollution right now. Some people who don’t have discipline, from the vehicles that produce a dark smoke, and also from the cigarettes that taking by human. If this pollution happens continually in our daily living we might have suffered from respiratory disease. All of this pollution are caused by human beings because we are the one who are using our environment. We are the people who destroying our nature. All the creatures that we saw were a gift from God, so we need to take care of this and use it in a proper way.

The Central Nervous System The central nervous system (CNS) represents the largest part of the nervous system, including the brain and the spinal cord. Together with the peripheral nervous system, it has a fundamental role in the control of behavior. The CNS is contained within the dorsal cavity, with the brain within the cranial subcavity, and the spinal cord in the spinal cavity. Since the strong theoretical influence of cybernetics in the fifties, the CNS is conceived as a system devoted to information processing, where an appropriate motor output is computed as a response to a sensory input. Yet, many threads of research suggest that motor activity exists well before the maturation of the sensory systems and then, that the senses only influence behavior without dictating it. This has brought the conception of the CNS as an autonomous system. See main article on Brain Function In the developing fetus, the CNS originates from the neural plate, a specialised region of the ectoderm, the most external of the three embryonic layers. During embryonic development, the neural plate folds and forms the neural tube. The internal cavity of the neural tube will give rise to the ventricular system. The regions of the neural tube will differentiate progressively into transversal systems. First, the whole neural tube will differentiate into its two major subdivisions: spinal cord (caudal) and brain (rostral/cephalic). Consecutively, the brain will differentiate into brainstem and prosencephalon. Later, the brainstem will subdivide into rhombencephalon and mesencephalon, and the prosencephalon into diencephalon and telencephalon. See main article on Neural development The CNS is covered by the meninges, the brain is protected by the skull and the spinal cord by the vertebrae. The rhombencephalon gives rise to the pons, the cerebellum and the medulla oblongata, its cavity becomes the fourth ventricle. The mesencephalon gives rise to the tectum, pretectum, cerebral peduncle and its cavity develops into the mesencephalic duct or cerebral aqueduct. The diencephalon give rise to the subthalamus, hypothalamus, thalamus and epithalamus, its cavity to the third ventricle. Finally, the telencephalon gives rise to the striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen), the hippocampus and the neocortex, its cavity becomes the lateral (first and second) ventricles. See main article on Neuroanatomy The basic pattern of the CNS is highly conserved throughout the different species of vertebrates and during evolution. The major trend that can be observed is towards a progressive telencephalisation: while in the reptilian brain that region is only an appendix to the large olfactory bulb, it represent most of the volume of the mammalian CNS. In the human brain, the telencephalon covers most of the diencephalon and the mesencephalon. Indeed, the allometric study of brain size among different species shows a striking continuity from rats to whales, and allows us to complete the knowledge about the evolution of the CNS obtained through cranial endocasts.

Diencephalon We shall consider 4 of its structures: the •

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Thalamus. o All sensory input (except for olfaction) passes through it on the way up to the somatic-sensory regions of the cerebral cortex and then returns to it from there. o signals from the cerebellum pass through it on the way to the motor areas of the cerebral cortex. Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). All signals entering the brain from the optic nerves enter the LGN and undergo some processing before moving on the various visual areas of the cerebral cortex. Hypothalamus. o The seat of the autonomic nervous system. Damage to the hypothalamus is quickly fatal as the normal homeostasis of body temperature, blood chemistry, etc. goes out of control. o The source of 8 hormones, two of which pass into the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Posterior lobe of the pituitary. Receives o antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and o oxytocin from the hypothalamus and releases them into the blood.

The Cerebral Hemispheres

Each hemisphere of the cerebrum is subdivided into four lobes visible from the outside: • • • •

frontal parietal occipital temporal

Hidden beneath these regions of cerebral cortex are the • • •

olfactory bulbs; they receive input from the olfactory epithelia. striatum; it receives input from the frontal lobes and also from the limbic system (below). At its base is the nucleus accumbens (NA). The pleasurable (and addictive) effects of amphetamines, cocaine, and perhaps other psychoactive drugs seem to depend on their producing increasing levels of dopamine at the synapses in the nucleus accumbens (as well as the VTA).

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limbic system; it receives input from various association areas in the cerebral cortex and passes signals on to the nucleus accumbens. The limbic system is made up of the: o hippocampus. It is essential for the formation of long-term memories. o amygdala The amygdala appears to be a center of emotions (e.g., fear). It sends signals to the hypothalamus and medulla which can activate the flight or fight response of the autonomic nervous system. In rats, at least, the amygdala contains receptors for  

vasopressin whose activation increases aggressiveness and other signs of the flight or fight response; oxytocin whose activation lessens the signs of stress.

The amygdala receives a rich supply of signals from the olfactory system, and this may account for the powerful effect that odor has on