Principalele Legi Termotehnica.pdf

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LEGI ลžI PRINCIPII FUNDAMENTALE FOLOSITE LA CALCULUL CICLURILOR MAลžINILOR TERMICE

1. Ecuaลฃia de stare a gazului ideal: ๐‘š ๐‘๐‘‰ ๐‘…๐‘‡ = ๐œˆ๐‘…๐‘‡ โŸน = ๐‘๐‘ก ๐‘€ ๐‘‡ 2. Relaลฃiile caracteristice ale transformฤƒrii izocore: ๐‘1 ๐‘2 = ๐‘‡1 ๐‘‡2 ๐‘๐‘‰ =

2

๐ฟ12 = โˆซ ๐‘๐‘‘๐‘‰ = 0

๐‘‰ = ๐‘๐‘ก โ‡’

1

๐‘‡2 ๐‘‡1 (๐‘‡ {๐‘„12 = ๐‘ˆ1 โˆ’ ๐‘ˆ2 = ๐‘š๐‘๐‘ฃ 2 โˆ’ ๐‘‡1 ) 3. Relaลฃiile caracteristice ale transformฤƒrii izobare: ๐‘‰1 ๐‘‡1 = ๐‘‰2 ๐‘‡2 ๐‘†2 โˆ’ ๐‘†1 = ๐‘๐‘ฃ ๐‘™๐‘›

2

๐‘ = ๐‘๐‘ก โ‡’

๐ฟ12 = โˆซ ๐‘๐‘‘๐‘‰ = ๐‘(๐‘‰2 โˆ’ ๐‘‰1 ) = ๐‘š๐‘…(๐‘‡2 โˆ’ ๐‘‡1 ) 1

๐‘‡2 ๐‘‡1 ๐‘„12 = ๐‘š๐‘๐‘ (๐‘‡2 โˆ’ ๐‘‡1 ) { 4. Relaลฃiile caracteristice ale transformฤƒrii izoterme: ๐‘1 ๐‘‰2 = ๐‘2 ๐‘‰1 2 ๐‘‰ ๐‘ ๐‘‡ = ๐‘๐‘ก โ‡’ ๐ฟ12 = โˆซ ๐‘๐‘‘๐‘‰ = ๐‘๐‘‰1 ๐‘™๐‘› 2 = ๐‘š๐‘…๐‘‡๐‘™๐‘› 1 ๐‘‰1 ๐‘2 1 ๐‘1 ๐‘†2 โˆ’ ๐‘†1 = ๐‘…๐‘™๐‘› { ๐‘2 ๐‘†2 โˆ’ ๐‘†1 = ๐‘๐‘ ๐‘™๐‘›

5. Relaลฃiile caracteristice ale transformฤƒrii adiabate: ๐‘๐‘ ๐‘˜ = ; ๐‘๐‘‰ ๐‘˜ = ๐‘๐‘ก ๐‘๐‘ฃ

๐‘˜โˆ’1 ๐‘˜

๐‘‡1 ๐‘‰2 ๐‘˜โˆ’1 ๐‘1 =( ) =( ) ๐‘‡2 ๐‘‰1 ๐‘2 ๐‘˜โˆ’1 ๐‘˜

2 ๐‘„12 = 0 โ‡’ ๐ฟ = โˆซ ๐‘๐‘‘๐‘‰ = ๐‘1 ๐‘‰1 [1 โˆ’ (๐‘1 ) 12 ๐‘˜โˆ’1 ๐‘2 1

]=

๐‘†2 โˆ’ ๐‘†1 = 0 { ๐‘„12 = 0 6. Relaลฃiile caracteristice ale transformฤƒrii politrope: ๐‘๐‘‰ ๐‘› = ๐‘๐‘ก

๐‘š๐‘… (๐‘‡ โˆ’ ๐‘‡2 ) ๐‘˜โˆ’1 1

๐‘›โˆ’1 ๐‘›

๐‘‡1 ๐‘‰2 ๐‘›โˆ’1 ๐‘1 =( ) =( ) ๐‘‡2 ๐‘‰1 ๐‘2 ๐‘›โˆ’1 ๐‘›

2

๐‘๐‘‰ ๐‘› = ๐‘๐‘ก โ‡’

๐ฟ12

๐‘1 ๐‘‰1 ๐‘1 = โˆซ ๐‘๐‘‘๐‘‰ = [1 โˆ’ ( ) ๐‘›โˆ’1 ๐‘2 1

]=

๐‘š๐‘… (๐‘‡ โˆ’ ๐‘‡2 ) ๐‘›โˆ’1 1

๐‘‡2 ๐‘‡2 ๐‘2 = ๐‘๐‘ ๐‘™๐‘› โˆ’ ๐‘…๐‘™๐‘› ๐‘‡1 ๐‘‡1 ๐‘1 ๐‘›โˆ’๐‘˜ ๐‘„12 = ๐‘š ๐‘ (๐‘‡ โˆ’ ๐‘‡1 ) { ๐‘›โˆ’1 ๐‘ฃ 2 7. Transformarea izentalpicฤƒ โ€“ capacitatea termicฤƒ masicฤƒ nu variazฤƒ cu temperature (รฎn cazul รฎn care se considerฤƒ o transformare reversibilฤƒ, se poate asimila cu transformarea izotermฤƒ): ๐‘‘๐‘ž = ๐‘‘๐‘– โˆ’ ๐‘ฃ๐‘‘๐‘ ๐‘‘๐‘ž ๐‘‘๐‘– = โˆ’๐‘ฃ ๐‘‘๐‘ ๐‘‘๐‘ 8. Transformarea izentropฤƒ, se poate asimila, รฎn situaลฃia รฎn care transformarea se considerฤƒ reversibilฤƒ, cu o transformare adiabatฤƒ. ๐‘†2 โˆ’ ๐‘†1 = ๐‘๐‘› ๐‘™๐‘›

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