Presentation: Ultrasonic Test

Presentation Ultrasonic test

Ultrasonic Test • Ultrasonic examination can be done on various forms of materials including castings, forgings, welds, and composites. Information about discontinuities, cracks, layer thickness, and acoustic properties can be correlated with the specific properties of the material.

The Ultrasonic Principle • High frequency sound waves are inserted into the material reflected back from the surface or defective. The reflected sound energy is displayed against time, and visualized in the experiment.

Ultrasonic plant • Piezoelectric Elements In Piezoelectric Elements in a transducer converts electrical energy into mechanical vibration (sound), and vice versa.

• This transducer generates transmitting and receiving sound energy.

Principles of Ultrasonic Examination • Ultrasonic waves are highlighted on the face with straight lines and at their accelerated speeds straight line and at constant speed until they face the surface.

• At the surface interface part of the wave energy is reflected and partially transmitted. The amount of reflected or transmitted energy can be detected and provide information about the reflector size.

• Voice travel times can be measured and this provides information about distances that have traveled the sound.

Testing Technique • Ultrasonic testing is a very versatile inspection method, and the examination can be done in a number of g, ppj different ways. Ultrasonic inspection techniques are usually divided into three main classifications.

• Pulse-echo and Through Transmission (Related to whether reflected or transmitted energy is used)

• Normal and Angle Beam Beam (Relates to the angle that the energies enter the electrical field) that sound energy enters the test article)

• Contact and Immersion (Related to the transducer coupling method for the test article )

Test Technique-Gema Pulsa • In the test of the echo-pulse, the transducer sends the energy pulse and the second transducer receives the reflected energy Technique-GemaPulsa (echo)

• The amount of reflected sound energy is displayed against time, which provides information about the size and location of the features that reflect the sound.

Test Technique-Gema Pulsa(Example) • The digital display shows the signal

generated from the surface reflectance.

• The digital display shows the presence of a mid-reflector through the material, with a reflector, g backlit subsurface amplitude.

• The pulse-echo technique allows testing

when access to only one side of the material is possible, and allows the location of the reflector to be determined precisely.

Test Technique-Through Transmission • Two transducers are located on the opposite side

of the test specimen used. One transducer acts as a transmitter, the other as a receiver. Discontinuities in the voice path will result in partial or total loss of transmitted sound and is indicated by the decreased amplitude of the received signal. Through transmission is useful in detecting discontinuities that are not good reflectors and discontinuities that are not good reflectors, and when signal strength is weak. It does not provide in-depth information.

Test Technique-Through Transmission • Digital display shows sound received through material thickness.

• Digital display indicates the loss of signal received due to discontinuity in the sound field.

Test Technique -Beam Normal and Angle • In normal beam testing, sound files are inserted into the test

article at 90 degrees to the surface. In angle beam testing, sound files are inserted into test articles at several other angles of 90. The choice between normal inspection and beam angle usually depends on two considerations:

a) The orientation of an attractive feature-the sound must be directed to generate the largest zoom directed to generate the greatest reflection of the feature the. b) Barrier on the surface of the part that must work around.

Test Technique - contact damping • To obtain a sound energy level useful to the material, the air between the transducer and the test article should be removed. This is called a coupling. gpg In contact testing withcouplant such as water, oil or gel is applied between the transducers and parts. In the immersion test, the parts and transducers are the place in a water bath. This arrangement allows for better movement. With immersion testing, echoes from the front surface of the part are visible in the signal.

Inspection Equipment • Some equipment (ultrasonic testing applications) used include: Detection of defects (cracks, inclusions, porosity, etc.) Erosion & measuring corrosion thickness Integrity assessment of adhesive and brazing components Estimated fill in vacuum in composites and plastics Measurement of hardening depth of case in steel Estimated grain size on metal The following slides are examples of some general applications of ultrasonic inspection.

Measuring Thickness • Measuring ultrasonic thickness is routinely used in petrochemical industry and utilities to determine different levels of corrosion / erosion.

• Aplikasi termasuk sistem perpipaan, fasilitas penyimpanan dan penahanan, dan pembuluh tekanan.

Fault detection • The echo signal again displays some of the surface signals in the "flawless" area.

• Additional echoes indicate delamination in members.

Detection of defects in Las • One of the most widely used methods used in welding is ultrasonic examination. Full penetration Landing flow is detected by examination of the sliding wave beam wave file.

Main Equipment • Equipment for ultrasonic testing is very bPilihttdlhtitk diverse. The right choice is important to ensure accurate inspection data as desired for specific applications. In general, there are three basic components consisting of an ultrasonic test system: -Instrumentation Instrumentation -transducer

-Standard Calibration

Transducers • Transducers are produced in various shapes, shapes and sizes for various applications. Transdiscussions in some of the currents that include: The transducers are categorized in several ways that include:

-Contact or immersion -simple single or double -Normal or beam angle In selecting a transducer for a particular application, it is important to choose the desired frequency, bandwidth, size, and in some cases a focus that optimizes the inspection capabilities.

Instrumentation Equipment • • Ultrasonic equipment is usually purchased to meet specific inspection needs, some pp users, ppgg may purchase general purpose equipment to meet a number of inspection applications.

• • Test equipment can be classified in several different ways, this may include portable or stationary, contact or immersion, manual or automatic.

• • Subsequently the classification of the instruments generally divides them. Furthermore the classification of the instruments generally divides them into four general categories: D-meter, Flaw detectors, and special applicationsIndustry.

D‐meter • • D-meter or digital thickness measuring instrument provides the user with a digital (numerical) reading.

• • They are designed primarily for corrosion / erosion inspection applications.

Defect Detector • • The defect detector is an instrumentally designed instrument primarily designed especially for component inspection for defects.

• • However, signals can be evaluated to obtain other information such as material thickness values of material thickness.

Industrial defect detector • • Defective flaw detection instruments in the industry provide users with more choices than standard defect detectors.

• • Units can be modulated to allow users to customize instruments for special needs.

• • Generally not as portable as a standard defect detector

Industrial defect detector • • Immersion of the ultrasonic scanning system is used for automated data acquisition and imaging.

• • They integrate an immersion tank, ultrasonic instrumentation, scanning bridge, and computer controls.

• • The data values plotted kbb use color or gray to produce detailed images from the surface

• Imaging results High resolution images can be produced by plotting signal strength or time-scanning using a computer-controlled scanning system. The gray scale image is produced using reflected sound from the front surface of the coin Gray image scale is produced using reflected sound from the back surface of the currency

Standard calibration • • Calibration is the operation of configuring ultrasonic test equipment for known values It provides ultrasonic for known value values. It provides the inspector by means of comparing test signals to unknown measurements.

• • Standard calibration comes in a wide variety of materials, and configurations due to the diversity of inspection applications.

• • Calibration standards are usually made of acoustic properties • • Calibration standards are usually made of the same acoustic properties as those of the test article. The following slides provide examples of certain types of standards.

Standard calibration(Example) • Standard thickness calibrations may be flat or curved for piping and tubing applications, consisting of simple variations in the material The standard Amplitude area utilizes a flat bottom side hole or a drilled hole for flat or drilled holes to establish the size of the reflector known as surface shape change.

Qualification standards • The qualification standards differ from the calibration standards, which apply the objectives of the various operations with the equipment and qualify the use of appropriate equipment for certain codes and standards